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Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan: Difference between revisions
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Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan, a chief of the tribe of [[Hawazin]] and a [[Follower]], is one of the most detested figures for the Shi’a because of his role in the [[tragedy of Karbala]]. In the beginning, Shimr was one of the companions of [[Imam Ali]] (a) but later became an arch-enemy of the Imam (a) and his family. | Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan, a chief of the tribe of [[Hawazin]] and a [[Follower]], is one of the most detested figures for the Shi’a because of his role in the [[tragedy of Karbala]]. In the beginning, Shimr was one of the companions of [[Imam Ali]] (a) but later became an arch-enemy of the Imam (a) and his family. | ||
He had a significant role in the tragedy of Karbala, including paving the ground for the martyrdom of Muslim b. ‘Aqil, starting the battle on the day of ‘Ashura, leading the left wing of the army of [[‘Umar b. Sa’d]], murduring Imam al-Husayn (a), attacking the tents of the Imam’s family, and trying to murder Imam al-Sajjad (a), and this is why Shimr is cursed in [[Ziyarat ‘Ashura]]. | He had a significant role in the tragedy of Karbala, including paving the ground for the martyrdom of Muslim b. ‘Aqil, starting the battle on the day of ‘Ashura, leading the left wing of the army of [[‘Umar b. Sa’d]], murduring Imam al-Husayn (a), attacking the tents of the Imam’s family, and trying to murder Imam al-Sajjad (a), and this is why Shimr is cursed in [[Ziyarat ‘Ashura]]. | ||
He was defeated by [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafai]], and his head was cut off. | He was defeated by [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafai]], and his head was cut off. | ||
=The Genealogy of Shimr= | =The Genealogy of Shimr= | ||
Abu Sabigha Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan was one of the [[Followers]] and chiefs of the tribe of [[Hawazin]] from the clan of Banu ‘Amir b. Sa’sa’a and the family of Dibab b. Kilab. This is why in some sources he is called ‘Amiri, Dibabi, or Kilabi. Shimr’s birth date is not known. | Abu Sabigha Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan was one of the [[Followers]] and chiefs of the tribe of [[Hawazin]] from the clan of Banu ‘Amir b. Sa’sa’a and the family of Dibab b. Kilab. This is why in some sources he is called ‘Amiri, Dibabi, or Kilabi. Shimr’s birth date is not known. | ||
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=His Role in the Tragedy of Karbala= | =His Role in the Tragedy of Karbala= | ||
When [[Muslim b. Aqil]] went to [[Kufa]] in 60 AH as a representative of Imam Husayn (a), Shimr got a commission from [[‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] not to let the people gather around Mulim. Fulfilling this task, Shimr gave a speech in which he called Muslim a rebel and warned the Kufans of the army of the central government in Syria. | When [[Muslim b. Aqil]] went to [[Kufa]] in 60 AH as a representative of Imam Husayn (a), Shimr got a commission from [[‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] not to let the people gather around Mulim. Fulfilling this task, Shimr gave a speech in which he called Muslim a rebel and warned the Kufans of the army of the central government in Syria. | ||
When [[Imam al-Husayn]] (a) arrived in Karbala, [[‘Umar b. Sa’d]], the commander of the Kufan army, wanted to find a peaceful solution for the conflict, But Shimr encouraged [[Ibn Ziyad]], who seemed to be inclined to ‘Umar b. Sa’d’s intention, to go for violent measures. | When [[Imam al-Husayn]] (a) arrived in Karbala, [[‘Umar b. Sa’d]], the commander of the Kufan army, wanted to find a peaceful solution for the conflict, But Shimr encouraged [[Ibn Ziyad]], who seemed to be inclined to ‘Umar b. Sa’d’s intention, to go for violent measures. | ||
In the afternoon of Muharram 9th, 61 AH, Shimr arrived in Karbala with an army of four thousand soldiers and a threatening letter from Ibn Ziyad. When ‘Umar b. Sa’d saw the letter, he criticized Shimr for destroying the chance of peace, but still complied with Ibn Ziyad’s command and prepared for battle with Imam Husayn (a). Shimr became a commander of his army. | In the afternoon of Muharram 9th, 61 AH, Shimr arrived in Karbala with an army of four thousand soldiers and a threatening letter from Ibn Ziyad. When ‘Umar b. Sa’d saw the letter, he criticized Shimr for destroying the chance of peace, but still complied with Ibn Ziyad’s command and prepared for battle with Imam Husayn (a). Shimr became a commander of his army. | ||
===On the Day of ‘Ashura=== | ===On the Day of ‘Ashura=== | ||
In the morning of the day of ‘Ashura’, Shimr became the commander of the west wing of Ibn Sa’d’s army. When approaching the tents of Imam Husayn (a), he was faced with a ditch and burning firewood around the tents. This made him say rude words to the Imam (a). He also cut the Imam’s speech for the Kufan army on the excellences of his family and the commands of the Prophet (s) to love his Ahl al-Bayt. | In the morning of the day of ‘Ashura’, Shimr became the commander of the west wing of Ibn Sa’d’s army. When approaching the tents of Imam Husayn (a), he was faced with a ditch and burning firewood around the tents. This made him say rude words to the Imam (a). He also cut the Imam’s speech for the Kufan army on the excellences of his family and the commands of the Prophet (s) to love his Ahl al-Bayt. | ||
When [[‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred, Shimr ordered his slave to kill ‘Abd Allah’s wife who was sitting next to the body of his husband. | When [[‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred, Shimr ordered his slave to kill ‘Abd Allah’s wife who was sitting next to the body of his husband. | ||
When most of the Imam’s companions were killed, Kufans attacked the tents. Shimr put his spear in the tent of the Imam (a) and called for fire to burn the Imam’s tent. | When most of the Imam’s companions were killed, Kufans attacked the tents. Shimr put his spear in the tent of the Imam (a) and called for fire to burn the Imam’s tent. | ||
===Murdering Imam Husayn (a)=== | ===Murdering Imam Husayn (a)=== | ||
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===After ‘Ashura=== | ===After ‘Ashura=== | ||
On Muharram 11th, 61 AH, Ibn Sa’d commanded his soldiers to cut off the heads of the 72 martyrs of Karbala, and take them, under the supervision of Shimr and some other commanders, to Ibn Ziyad in Kufa. | On Muharram 11th, 61 AH, Ibn Sa’d commanded his soldiers to cut off the heads of the 72 martyrs of Karbala, and take them, under the supervision of Shimr and some other commanders, to Ibn Ziyad in Kufa. | ||
Ibn Ziyad, in turn, commissioned Shimr to take the heads and the captives to [[Yazid]] in Damascus. At the court of Yazid, Shimr gave an insulting speech about Imam Husayn (a) and his companions. | Ibn Ziyad, in turn, commissioned Shimr to take the heads and the captives to [[Yazid]] in Damascus. At the court of Yazid, Shimr gave an insulting speech about Imam Husayn (a) and his companions. | ||
After the return of Ahl al-Bayt (a) to Medina, Shimr went back to Kufa. It is said that in this period he would pray and ask God for forgiveness, but still he would justify his crime by calling it obedience to rulers. | After the return of Ahl al-Bayt (a) to Medina, Shimr went back to Kufa. It is said that in this period he would pray and ask God for forgiveness, but still he would justify his crime by calling it obedience to rulers. | ||
=Shimr’s End of Life= | =Shimr’s End of Life= | ||
During [[Mukhtar]]’s uprising in 66AH, Shimr took part in the war against him. But Mukhtar was able to defeat his opponents, and thus Shimr ran away from Kufa. Mukhtar sent a group to chase him; they found and killed Shimr, sent his head to Mukhtar, and threw his body to be eaten by dogs. | During [[Mukhtar]]’s uprising in 66AH, Shimr took part in the war against him. But Mukhtar was able to defeat his opponents, and thus Shimr ran away from Kufa. Mukhtar sent a group to chase him; they found and killed Shimr, sent his head to Mukhtar, and threw his body to be eaten by dogs. | ||
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=Shimr’s Status in the Eyes of Sunnis= | =Shimr’s Status in the Eyes of Sunnis= | ||
Shimr has narrated from his father, and Abu Ishaq al-Subay’i has narrated from Shimr. However, Sunni sources mention Shimr disparagingly, regarding him unqualified for narrating hadith because of his participation in the murder of Imam Husayn (a). | Shimr has narrated from his father, and Abu Ishaq al-Subay’i has narrated from Shimr. However, Sunni sources mention Shimr disparagingly, regarding him unqualified for narrating hadith because of his participation in the murder of Imam Husayn (a). | ||
{{Event of Karbala}} | |||
{{Timeline of the Event of Karbala}} | |||