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Yazid b. Mu'awiya: Difference between revisions
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| Epithet = | | Epithet = | ||
| Birth = [[ | | Birth = [[26]]/646-7, [[Syria]] | ||
| Death = [[64]]/683 | | Death = [[Rabi' I 14]], ([[64 AH]]/[[November 10]], [[683 CE|683]] | ||
| Father = [[Mu'awiya]] | | Father = [[Mu'awiya]] | ||
| Mother = Maysun bt. Bahdal | | Mother = Maysun bt. Bahdal | ||
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| Successor = [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid]] | | Successor = [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid]] | ||
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'''Yazīd b. Mu'āwīya''' (Arabic: {{ia|یزيد بن معاویة}}), (b. | '''Yazīd b. Mu'āwīya''' (Arabic: {{ia|یزيد بن معاویة}}), (b. [[26]]/646-7 - d. [[64 AH]]/[[683 CE|683]]) was the second [[Umayyad]] ruler by the order of whom, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his [[Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)|companions]] were [[martyred]] in [[Karbala]] and Imam's (a) family members were taken captive. Yazid ruled for three years after his father [[Mu'awiya]] and three important events took place during his caliphate: | ||
*In [[61]]/680, he caused the [[tragedy of Karbala]]. | *In [[61]]/680, he caused the [[tragedy of Karbala]]. | ||
*In [[63]]/682, he attacked [[Medina]] which led to the massacre of thousands of the companions of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and those who had memorized the [[Qur'an]]. It became famous as the [[event of Harra]]. | *In [[63]]/682, he attacked [[Medina]] which led to the massacre of thousands of the companions of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and those who had memorized the [[Qur'an]]. It became famous as the [[event of Harra]]. | ||
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==Life== | ==Life== | ||
According to some sources, Yazid born in 26 | According to some sources, Yazid born in 26/646-7,<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i umawīyān'', p. 61.</ref> his father was Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan and his mother was Maysun bt. Bahdal.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 5, p. 270; Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 329.</ref> His mother was a Bedouin, who married Mu'awiya and went to [[Damascus]]. But soon, she couldn't live in Damascus and so Mu'awiya divorced her, she returned to the desert. At this time, Yazid was either an infant or not yet born.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 5, p. 271; Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 339.</ref> Yazid spent his early childhood with the tribe of Maysun,<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i umawīyān'', p. 61.</ref> whose people were of the tribes of Huwwarin (in [[Hums]] area) with a [[Christian]] or [[polytheist]] background before Islam. They also had literary and poetic inclinations.<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i umawīyān'', p. 61.</ref> Some believe that growing up under the influence of these formerly Christian converts influenced Yazid and accounts for his later support for Christians and especially Christian poets, for hiring Christian consultants at his court, and for his peace agreement with Europeans. | ||
He had some children including Khalid, [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid|Mu'awiya]], Abu Sufyan and 'Abd Allah. His wives were Fakhta, Umm Kulthum and Umm Miskin.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', 1352 Sh, vol. 7, p. 3123.</ref> | He had some children including Khalid, [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid|Mu'awiya]], Abu Sufyan and 'Abd Allah. His wives were Fakhta, Umm Kulthum and Umm Miskin.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', 1352 Sh, vol. 7, p. 3123.</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
After ruling for three years and eight months, Yazid died on [[Rabi' I 14]], ([[64 AH]]/683) at the age of 38<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 5, p. 354.</ref> and was buried in Huwwarin. It is reported that when [[Abbasids]] took Damascus, disinterred him.<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nahāyat al-arab'', vol. 22, p. 33.</ref> | After ruling for three years and eight months, Yazid died on [[Rabi' I 14]], ([[64 AH]]/[[November 10]], [[683 CE|683]]) at the age of 38<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 5, p. 354.</ref> and was buried in Huwwarin. It is reported that when [[Abbasids]] took Damascus, disinterred him.<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nahāyat al-arab'', vol. 22, p. 33.</ref> | ||
It has been said that the cause of his death was that he had put his monkey on a wild running donkey; Yazid himself was chasing the donkey while being drunk and riding on a horse until he fell off and broke his neck.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 5, p. 287.</ref> | It has been said that the cause of his death was that he had put his monkey on a wild running donkey; Yazid himself was chasing the donkey while being drunk and riding on a horse until he fell off and broke his neck.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 5, p. 287.</ref> | ||
Some people mentioned that the cause of his death was too much drinking.<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus'', vol. 65, p. 397.</ref> Some others say that he died of pneumonia. | Some people mentioned that the cause of his death was too much drinking.<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus'', vol. 65, p. 397.</ref> Some others say that he died of pneumonia. | ||