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Rawdat al-shuhada' (book): Difference between revisions
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| author = [[Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi]] | | author = [[Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi]] | ||
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{{main|Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi}} | {{main|Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi}} | ||
Kamal al-Din Husayn b. Ali Wa'iz Kashifi | Kamal al-Din Husayn b. Ali Wa'iz Kashifi Sabziwari (d. 910/1504) was a scholar of centuries 9/16 and 10/17 from [[Sabzevar]]. Kashifi wrote the book toward the end of his life. Mulla Husayn was a religious lecturer and poet; that is why he had the title of "Wa'iz" and the pen name as "Kashifi". His sessions and lectures have been famous at that time and those contemporary with him have reported about his position among people and before the rulers of his time. One of the features of Rawdat al-Shuhada' which made it lasting is its fluency and flow of the content. There are different opinions about the religion of the author. | ||
He died in 910 | |||
He died in 910/1504 and his grave is now in Sabzevar on the way between the grave of Haj [[Mulla Hadi Sabziwari]] and the building of [[Musalla]] of the city. | |||
About the book, Agha Buzurg | |||
Some have mentioned this possibility that this book has been the first Maqtal in | ==In Words of Agha Buzurg Tihrani== | ||
About the book, [[Agha Buzurg Tihrani]] said, "Rawdat al-Shuhada' is in Mulamma' Farsi and written by Mawla Wa'iz Husayn b. 'Ali Kashifi Bayhaqi. This book is arranged in 10 chapters and an ending. In the ending of the book, the author has written the lineage of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the biography of a group of their descendants. The ending of the book is in 34 pages with the title of "Ansab Sibta al-Nabi (s)". | |||
Some have mentioned this possibility that this book has been the first [[Maqtal]] in Farsi which has spread among Farsi speakers to the extent that the reciter of that was called "Rawza Khan"; however, it will be mentioned in the chapter regarding Maqtals that Farsi Maqtal previous to it existed, from which, Rawdat al-Shuhada' has quoted and that is the Farsi Maqtal written by [[Abi al-Mafakhir Razi]], from him, Rawdat al-Shuhada' has quoted a poem. | |||
== Goal of Writing == | == Goal of Writing == | ||
Following the request of one of the noble people of Harat and since there was no comprehensive text for the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the event of Karbala, the author found it necessary to write such a text and even tried to translate Arabic poems as well. | Following the request of one of the noble people of [[Harat]] and since there was no comprehensive text for the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the [[event of Karbala]], the author found it necessary to write such a text and even tried to translate Arabic poems as well. | ||
== Content | == Content == | ||
The Book has 10 chapters and an ending which briefly discusses the lives of the 12 Imams (a), but the main purpose of the author is discussing the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a), for which he begins with the trials of the prophets ( | The Book has 10 chapters and an ending which briefly discusses the lives of the 12 [[Imams (a)]], but the main purpose of the author is discussing the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a), for which he begins with the trials of the [[prophets (a)]] and the cruelties of [[Quraysh]] towards [[the Prophet (s)]]. | ||
=== Chapters of the Book === | === Chapters of the Book === | ||
* First Chapter: On the trials of some of the Prophets | * First Chapter: On the trials of some of the Prophets (Upon whom be peace) | ||
* Second Chapter: on the cruelties of Quraysh and other disbelievers towards the Master of the Righteous (s) | * Second Chapter: on the cruelties of Quraysh and other disbelievers towards the Master of the Righteous [the Prophet (s)] | ||
* Third Chapter: On the demise of the Master of the prophets (s) | * Third Chapter: On the demise of the Master of the prophets (s) | ||
* Forth Chapter: On some of the states of Lady Fatima al-Zahra ( | * Forth Chapter: On some of the states of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] | ||
* Fifth Chapter: On some of the states of Imam Ali (a) from birth to martyrdom | * Fifth Chapter: On some of the states of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] from birth to martyrdom | ||
* Sixth Chapter: On virtues of states of Imam al-Hasan (a) from birth to martyrdom | * Sixth Chapter: On virtues of states of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] from birth to martyrdom | ||
* Seventh Chapter: On virtues and merits of Imam al-Husayn (a) from birth to martyrdom | * Seventh Chapter: On virtues and merits of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] from birth to martyrdom | ||
* Eighth Chapter: On the martyrdom of Muslim b. | * Eighth Chapter: On the martyrdom of [[Muslim b. 'Aqil b. Abi Talib]] and some of his children | ||
* Ninth Chapter: On arrival of Imam al-Husayn (a) in Karbala and his severe battle with the enemies | * Ninth Chapter: On arrival of Imam al-Husayn (a) in [[Karbala]] and his severe battle with the enemies | ||
* Tenth Chapter: On the events happened to the Ahl al-Bayt (a) after the event of Karbala | * Tenth Chapter: On the events happened to the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] after the event of Karbala | ||
* Ending: On the lineage of the Infallible Imams (a) | * Ending: On the lineage of the [[Infallible Imams (a)]] | ||
== References | == References == | ||
Although Kashifi has not clearly mentioned the references of Rawdat al-Shuhada, but reading through the book, it can be found that the books it quoted from are: Futuh | Although Kashifi has not clearly mentioned the references of Rawdat al-Shuhada', but reading through the book, it can be found that the books it quoted from are: ''Futuh'' for Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, ''Rawdat al-ahbab'', ''Shawahid al-Nubuwwa'', ''[['Uyun Akhbar al-Rida]]'', ''Kanz al-ghara'ib'', ''Masabih al-qulub'', ''Maqtal al-Shuhada''', ''Nur al-A'imma''. The author has also benefitted from many unknown and unauthentic sources. He has not followed an accurate citation method even from these sources. | ||
It seems that the author has only wanted to show that the book has references, nut his tendency to tell stories is more than authentic reporting. | It seems that the author has only wanted to show that the book has references, nut his tendency to tell stories is more than authentic reporting. | ||
== Importance and Features == | == Importance and Features == | ||
According to what is mentioned in the preface of the book, strong prose style accompanied with poems, historical account, verses and hadiths, abundance of theological, historical and jurisprudential information, benefitting from a variety of sources especially non- | According to what is mentioned in the preface of the book, strong prose style accompanied with poems, historical account, verses and hadiths, abundance of theological, historical and jurisprudential information, benefitting from a variety of sources especially non-Shi'a ones, comprehensiveness and being the first common [[Maqtal]] are among the advantages of the book. | ||
Regarding its fluent and beautiful prose style, the book soon became popular at its time and even now is indirectly | Regarding its fluent and beautiful prose style, the book soon became popular at its time and even now is indirectly benefited in mourning gatherings. It has been translated to different languages and converted to poetic style for many times so far. | ||
== Critiques == | == Critiques == | ||
Regardless of its popularity, this book has been criticized by scholars and researchers of next periods due to its weaknesses of the content and serious objections have been pointed about it. From the viewpoint of the critics, the most important problem of Rawdat al-Shuhada is its Sufi look, wrong narrations and stories. Critics have said that the book has only mentioned the hardships and does not narrate an epic and political account of the event of Karbala and does not look through its causes and nature either. | Regardless of its popularity, this book has been criticized by scholars and researchers of next periods due to its weaknesses of the content and serious objections have been pointed about it. From the viewpoint of the critics, the most important problem of Rawdat al-Shuhada' is its [[Sufi]] look, wrong narrations and stories. Critics have said that the book has only mentioned the hardships and does not narrate an epic and political account of the [[event of Karbala]] and does not look through its causes and nature either. | ||
Scholars such as Mirza Abd Allah Afandi in his Riyad al- | Scholars such as Mirza [['Abd Allah Afandi]] in his ''[[Riyad al-'ulama']]'', Mirza [[Husayn Nuri]] in his ''[[Lu'lu' wa marjan]]'' and [[Shahid Mutahhari]] in his ''[[Hamasa-i Husayni]]'' have mentioned objections and criticisms about Rawdat al-Shuhada'. | ||
== Printing == | == Printing == | ||
This book was first printed in Lahore in 1908, then in | This book was first printed in [[Lahore]] in 1908, then in [[Mumbai]] in 1952 and later in [[Tehran]] in 1954. Later, this book was printed many more times. | ||
==External Links== | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8) روضة الشهداء] in Farsi Wikishia. | |||
{{Bibliography of 'Ashura}} | {{Bibliography of 'Ashura}} | ||
{{Event of Karbala}} | {{Event of Karbala}} | ||
{{Timeline of the Event of Karbala}} | {{Timeline of the Event of Karbala}} | ||