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Letters of the Kufans to Imam al-Husayn (a): Difference between revisions
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{{Timeline of the Event of Karbala Vertical}} | {{Timeline of the Event of Karbala Vertical}} | ||
'''Letters of the people of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)''' refers to the letters sent to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] by the people of [[Kufa]] | '''Letters of the people of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)''' refers to the letters sent to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] by the people of [[Kufa]] to invite him and give allegiance to him. These letters were written shortly after the death of [[Mu'awiya]], and after Imam al-Husayn's (a) refusal to give allegiance to [[Yazid]], when he (a) was in [[Mecca]]. These Letters made the Imam (a) move towards Kufa, but when [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] became the governor of Kufa and suppressed the people there, they did opposite to what they had written and abandoned Imam al-Husayn (a) in the [[Tragedy of 'Ashura]]. Among the writers of the letters, the names of some chiefs and famous figures of Shia such as [[Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i]], [[Habib b. Muzahir]], and [[Rifa'a b. Shaddad]] can be seen. | ||
==Number== | ==Number== | ||
The number of letters has been reported hundreds and even thousands. In those days, many messengers arrived in Mecca, and some messengers delivered several letters. [[Shaikh 'Abbas Qummi]] mentioned the number of the letters as 12000. | The number of letters has been reported hundreds and even thousands. In those days, many messengers arrived in Mecca, and some messengers delivered several letters. [[Shaikh 'Abbas Qummi]] mentioned the number of the letters as 12000. | ||
==Content== | ==Content== | ||
===First Letter=== | ===First Letter=== | ||
When the people Kufa received the news about the death of Mu'awiya, they doubted the [[caliphate]] of Yazid and felt the threat. At that time, they were informed that Imam al-Husayn (a) had refused to give allegiance to Yazid and had gone to Mecca. Therefore, Shia of Kufa made a meeting in the house of [[Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i]] and spoke about the death of Mu'awiya and praised to [[God]] for that. Then, Sulayman b. Surad said that "Mu'awiya is dead and Husayn b. 'Ali (a) has not given allegiance to his son Yazid and has gone to Mecca. If you intend to help him, inform him, and if you doubt to help him, do not deceive him and do not put him in danger." People insisted that they wanted to help him and wrote a letter to Imam al-Husayn (a) saying, | |||
:"In the Name of God the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful | |||
:"In the Name of God the All Compassionate, the Most Merciful | |||
:To al-Husayn b. 'Ali, from Sulayman b. Surad, [[Musayyib b. Najba]], [[Rifa'a b. Shaddad]], [[Habib b. Muzahir]] and his other followers from the believers and faithful ones in Kufa. | :To al-Husayn b. 'Ali, from Sulayman b. Surad, [[Musayyib b. Najba]], [[Rifa'a b. Shaddad]], [[Habib b. Muzahir]] and his other followers from the believers and faithful ones in Kufa. | ||
:Peace be upon you and we praise with you for God | :Peace be upon you and we praise with you for God; there is no God but Him alone. | ||
:But then, praise be to God who defeated your oppressing and rebellious enemy, the one who attacked this [[Umma]], confiscated the [[caliphate]] and the treasure of the people and took their caliphate without their consent. Then, he killed the good and remained the evil and shared the treasure of God among the oppressors and the wealthy. So, may the curse of God be upon him the way the people of [[Thamud]] were inflicted by the curse of God. | :But then, praise be to God who defeated your oppressing and rebellious enemy, the one who attacked this [[Umma]], confiscated the [[caliphate]] and the treasure of the people and took their caliphate without their consent. Then, he killed the good and remained the evil and shared the treasure of God among the oppressors and the wealthy. So, may the curse of God be upon him the way the people of [[Thamud]] were inflicted by the curse of God. | ||
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:Indeed, we do not have any leader, so come to us, may God unite us through you. [[Nu'man b. Bashir]] is in the palace of the governorship and we neither [[Friday Prayer|pray with him on Fridays]], not do we go out with him on the days of [[Eid]]; and when we know you have come to us, we will throw him out of the city to [[Syria]]. God Willing." | :Indeed, we do not have any leader, so come to us, may God unite us through you. [[Nu'man b. Bashir]] is in the palace of the governorship and we neither [[Friday Prayer|pray with him on Fridays]], not do we go out with him on the days of [[Eid]]; and when we know you have come to us, we will throw him out of the city to [[Syria]]. God Willing." | ||
The elders of Kufa sent the letter by [['Abd Allah b. Musamma' al-Hamdani]] and [['Abd Allah b. Wa'il]] and asked them to deliver it to the Imam (a) as soon as | The elders of Kufa sent the letter by [['Abd Allah b. Musamma' al-Hamdani]] and [['Abd Allah b. Wa'il]] and asked them to deliver it to the Imam (a) as soon as possible. The letter was delivered to the Imam (a) in Mecca on [[Ramadan 10]]. | ||
===Second Letter=== | ===Second Letter=== | ||
Two days after sending the first letter, the people of Kufa sent [[Qays b. Musahhar al-Saydawi]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah al-Irhabi]] and [['Amara b. 'Abd al-Saluli]] with 150 letters to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. The author of some of these letters were two or four people. | |||
Two days after sending the first letter, people of Kufa sent [[Qays b. Musahhar al-Saydawi]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah al-Irhabi]] and [['Amara b. 'Abd al-Saluli]] with 150 letters to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. The author of some of these letters were two or four people. | |||
===Third Letter=== | ===Third Letter=== | ||
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Two days later, the people of Kufa sent [[Hani b. Hani al-Sabi'i]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] to Imam al-Husayn (a) carrying another letter with them. It was written in that letter that, | Two days later, the people of Kufa sent [[Hani b. Hani al-Sabi'i]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] to Imam al-Husayn (a) carrying another letter with them. It was written in that letter that, | ||
:"In the Name of God the All Compassionate, the Most Merciful | :"In the Name of God the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful | ||
:This is a letter to Husayn b. 'Ali (a) from his followers and Muslims. But then, rush!; for people are waiting for you and all agree upon you, so rush, rush! And rush and rush again! The end." | :This is a letter to Husayn b. 'Ali (a) from his followers and Muslims. But then, rush!; for people are waiting for you and all agree upon you, so rush, rush! And rush and rush again! The end." | ||
===Fourth Letter=== | ===Fourth Letter=== | ||
[[Shabath b. Rib'i]], [[Hajjar b. Abjar]], [[Yazid b. Harith b. Ruwaym]], [['Urwa b. Qays]], [['Amr b. Hajjaj al-Zubaydi]] and [[Muhammad b. 'Amr al-Taymi]] wrote a letter to the Imam (a) that, | [[Shabath b. Rib'i]], [[Hajjar b. Abjar]], [[Yazid b. Harith b. Ruwaym]], [['Urwa b. Qays]], [['Amr b. Hajjaj al-Zubaydi]] and [[Muhammad b. 'Amr al-Taymi]] wrote a letter to the Imam (a) that, | ||
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All of the messengers gathered before Imam al-Husayn (a) and the Imam read the letters and asked the messengers about the situation of the people. Then, he (a) wrote a letter and sent it with [[Hani b. Hani al-Sabi'i]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] who were the last messengers. The text of the letters was as below: | All of the messengers gathered before Imam al-Husayn (a) and the Imam read the letters and asked the messengers about the situation of the people. Then, he (a) wrote a letter and sent it with [[Hani b. Hani al-Sabi'i]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] who were the last messengers. The text of the letters was as below: | ||
:"In the Name of God the All Compassionate, the Most Merciful | :"In the Name of God the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful | ||
:From Husayn b. Ali to all the Muslims and believers | :From Husayn b. Ali to all the Muslims and believers | ||
:But then, Hani and Sa'id came to me with your letters and they were your last messengers who came to me, and I found what you mentioned and most of you stressed that | :But then, Hani and Sa'id came to me with your letters and they were your last messengers who came to me, and I found what you mentioned and most of you stressed that 'we do not have an imam; so, come to us; may God unite us over the guidance and truth through you.' Now, I send my brother, my cousin and a reliable person in my relatives to you. If he writes that the opinions of most of you and your wise and elder ones are in agreement with what your messengers inform about and I read in your letters, I will soon come to you by the will of God; for I swear by my soul that Imam (a) is not anyone but one who rules according to the [[Book of God]], rises to [[justice]], observes the religion of truth and commits himself to what God has said and ordered. The end." | ||
===Sending Muslim b. 'Aqil to Kufa=== | ===Sending Muslim b. 'Aqil to Kufa=== | ||
{{main|Muslim b. 'Aqil}} | {{main|Muslim b. 'Aqil}} | ||
Imam al-Husayn (a) called Muslim b. 'Aqil b. Abi Talib and sent him with Qays b. Musahhar al-Saydawi, 'Amara b. 'Abd al-Saluli and 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abd Allah al-Irhabi | Imam al-Husayn (a) called Muslim b. 'Aqil b. Abi Talib and sent him with Qays b. Musahhar al-Saydawi, 'Amara b. 'Abd al-Saluli and 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abd Allah al-Irhabi. He ordered Muslim to observe piety, conceal his duty, and treat people kindly and if he sees that people are sufficiently unanimous and united, informs the Imam (a) quickly. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||