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Mutawatir Hadith: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Mutawātir hadith''' is a [[hadith]] which is reported numerously by different narrators and through various [[chain of transmitors|chains of transmission]] in a way that substantiates its authenticity. Mutawatir hadiths are considered opposite [[Wahid hadiths]], i.e. non-Mutawatir hadiths are Wahid accounts. | ||
There are two kinds of Tawatur: Tawatur of the text and Tawatur of the content. | There are two kinds of Tawatur: Tawatur of the text and Tawatur of the content. | ||
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Hadiths narrated from [[the infallibles]] in narration books have divided the number of narrators of hadiths in two groups: Mutawatir and Wahid; also each of them has different types. | Hadiths narrated from [[the infallibles]] in narration books have divided the number of narrators of hadiths in two groups: Mutawatir and Wahid; also each of them has different types. | ||
In hadith terminology Mutawatir hadith is an account which is reported numerously by different narrators and through various chains of transmission | In hadith terminology Mutawatir hadith is an account which is reported numerously by different narrators and through various chains of transmission in a way that substantiates its authenticity. | ||
In other words, Mutawatir hadith is an account reported by a large number of narrators, so that the possibility of a common intentional agreement in rejecting an account is canceled. As a result, it can be concluded that the account was actually stated by the infallible. | In other words, Mutawatir hadith is an account reported by a large number of narrators, so that the possibility of a common intentional agreement in rejecting an account is canceled. As a result, it can be concluded that the account was actually stated by the infallible. | ||
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The hearer must have these two conditions: | The hearer must have these two conditions: | ||
# The hearer must not have pre-knowledge about the reported content so that acquiring [[hadith]] would happen. | |||
# The hearer must not have skeptical attitude toward hadith, as disbelievers did not accept [[miracles]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] due to their skeptical attitude. | |||
===The Conditions of Narrators=== | ===The Conditions of Narrators=== | ||
# The number of narrators in generations must be high so that their mutual agreement on rejecting a report would become impossible. In addition specifying a number for the narrators is not possible as accepting and rejecting a Mutawatir report is relative and certainty on absence of an agreement on rejecting a report is the minimum. However some have identified a specific minimum number of narrators in Tawatur which was criticized by others. | |||
# Narrators must narrate an account with certainty without a slight doubt. | |||
# The narrators must have listened or seen the account themselves; making guesses or reasoning in achieving conclusion is not accepted. | |||
# All these conditions must be followed in all generations of narrators. Then Tawatur is proved to the generation which has acquired all the conditions. | |||
Other conditions such as justice, [[Islam]], [[Shi'ite]] narrators or presence of [[Shi'a Imams]] in the chain of narrators are not acceptable in reliability of Mutawatir hadith. | Other conditions such as justice, [[Islam]], [[Shi'ite]] narrators or presence of [[Shi'a Imams]] in the chain of narrators are not acceptable in reliability of Mutawatir hadith. | ||
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===Tawatur of the Text=== | ===Tawatur of the Text=== | ||
Tawatur of the text is when narrators give the same account in the same wording, for example: the [[hadith of Ghadir]], the [[hadith of Thaqalayn]] and " Innima al-'amal bi al-Niyyat (actions are by intentions). | Tawatur of the text is when narrators give the same account in the same wording, for example: the [[hadith of Ghadir]], the [[hadith of Thaqalayn]] and "Innima al-'amal bi al-Niyyat" (actions are by intentions). | ||
===Tawatur of the Content=== | ===Tawatur of the Content=== | ||
Tawatur of the content is when all the narrators of all generations give the same content of an account with different wordings or phrases; i.e. the meaning is the same. Reciting a [[sura]] after | Tawatur of the content is when all the narrators of all generations give the same content of an account with different wordings or phrases; i.e. the meaning is the same. Reciting a [[sura]] after the sura of [[Al-Hamd]] in prayers is narrated from different narrators in which all of them have mentioned reciting a sura with different phrases. Also other examples of Tawatur of content are narrated by numerous reports about bravery of [[Imam Ali (a)]]; it was narrated about different incidents with numerous reports. | ||
In comparison, Tawatur of the content is much more than Tawatur of the text. Most of details of [[Shari'a rules]] specially [[Furu' al-Din]] (ancillaries of religion) acquired Tawatur of the content. The units of [[prayers]], Conditions of [[Sawm]] (Fasting), [[Hajj]], and [[Zakat]] etc. are examples of Tawatur of the content. | In comparison, Tawatur of the content is much more than Tawatur of the text. Most of details of [[Shari'a rules]] specially [[Furu' al-Din]] (ancillaries of religion) acquired Tawatur of the content. The units of [[prayers]], Conditions of [[Sawm]] (Fasting), [[Hajj]], and [[Zakat]] etc. are examples of Tawatur of the content. | ||
==External Links== | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/حدیث_متواتر] in Farsi Wikishia. | |||
[[fa:حدیث متواتر]] | [[fa:حدیث متواتر]] | ||
[[ar:الحديث المتواتر]] | [[ar:الحديث المتواتر]] | ||
[[ur:حدیث متواتر]] | [[ur:حدیث متواتر]] | ||
[[Category:Hadith]] | |||