Anonymous user
Dirayat al-hadith: Difference between revisions
Minor Edit
imported>Shakeri (add editorial box) |
imported>Kadeh (Minor Edit) |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
==In Sunni Hadiths== | ==In Sunni Hadiths== | ||
The word "dirayat" and its cognates have been used in [[Sunni]] [[hadith]]s narrated from [[ | The word "dirayat" and its cognates have been used in [[Sunni]] [[hadith]]s narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]], though sometimes with different words, such as "knowledgeable people are concerned with observation (al-ri'ayat) and unwise people are concerned with narration (al-riwayat)". In another hadith from the Prophet (s), the person who knows and understands hadiths has been preferred to one who just narrates them. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
* Ibn Kafani's definition: | * Ibn Kafani's definition: | ||
In his classification of sciences and disciplines, Ibn Kafani has, for the first time, divided the discipline of hadith into two branches concerning riwayat (narration) and dirayat (comprehension) of hadiths, giving definitions for each. He takes the discipline of riwayat al-hadith to study [[ | In his classification of sciences and disciplines, Ibn Kafani has, for the first time, divided the discipline of hadith into two branches concerning riwayat (narration) and dirayat (comprehension) of hadiths, giving definitions for each. He takes the discipline of riwayat al-hadith to study the [[Prophet (s)]]'s words and acts, an accurate report thereof, and a correction of words in hadiths. Dirayat al-hadith, he says, is a discipline concerning the nature of narrating a hadith, conditions and types of such narration and the verdicts concerning them, the condition of the narrator of hadiths, and everything related to this. | ||
* Ibn Jamaʾa's definition: | * Ibn Jamaʾa's definition: | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
He has modified al-Shahid al-Thani's definition, restricting dirayat al-hadith to the narrative chain of hadiths, taking it to discuss the attributes of the narrative chains of hadiths, in ways related to their reliability and unreliability. | He has modified al-Shahid al-Thani's definition, restricting dirayat al-hadith to the narrative chain of hadiths, taking it to discuss the attributes of the narrative chains of hadiths, in ways related to their reliability and unreliability. | ||
There is no history of classifying the discipline of [[hadith]] into riwayat al-hadith and dirayat al-hadith among Shiite scholars of hadith. However, some contemporary Shiite scholars have made similar distinctions, which is an adaptation of the classification made by | There is no history of classifying the discipline of [[hadith]] into riwayat al-hadith and dirayat al-hadith among Shiite scholars of hadith. However, some contemporary Shiite scholars have made similar distinctions, which is an adaptation of the classification made by Sunni scholars of hadith. | ||
==The Relation Between Diraya al-hadith and other Disciplines of Hadith== | ==The Relation Between Diraya al-hadith and other Disciplines of Hadith== | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
Some contemporary scholars of dirayat al-hadith take all disciplines of hadith (6 such disciplines as they have listed) to be sub-disciplines of dirayat al-hadith. But early scholars took all issues discussed in dirayat al-hadith to be an independent discipline, without making any demarcations between them. For instance, one important branch of dirayat al-hadith is the science of rijal (knowledge of the narrators of hadiths, especially with respect to their reliability), many issues of which, such as issues concerning the classes and names of narrators, are separate from, and additional to, issues of dirayat al-hadith. The indeterminacy of the boundary between dirayat al-hadith and other disciplines of hadith has led to confusions about the date when the first work in dirayat al-hadith has been written. Whereas some independent works concerning some sub-disciplines of dirayat al-hadith date back to sometime before the fourth century/tenth century, the first independent work in dirayat al-hadith is taken to be that of Ramhurmuzi which is written in [[360]]/970. | Some contemporary scholars of dirayat al-hadith take all disciplines of hadith (6 such disciplines as they have listed) to be sub-disciplines of dirayat al-hadith. But early scholars took all issues discussed in dirayat al-hadith to be an independent discipline, without making any demarcations between them. For instance, one important branch of dirayat al-hadith is the science of rijal (knowledge of the narrators of hadiths, especially with respect to their reliability), many issues of which, such as issues concerning the classes and names of narrators, are separate from, and additional to, issues of dirayat al-hadith. The indeterminacy of the boundary between dirayat al-hadith and other disciplines of hadith has led to confusions about the date when the first work in dirayat al-hadith has been written. Whereas some independent works concerning some sub-disciplines of dirayat al-hadith date back to sometime before the fourth century/tenth century, the first independent work in dirayat al-hadith is taken to be that of Ramhurmuzi which is written in [[360]]/970. | ||
With regard to the relation between riwayat al-hadith and dirayat al-hadith, it should be said that the relation between dirayat al-hadith and the texts of hadiths has sometimes been taken to be like the relation between an exegesis and the text that it interprets or that between judgments and events, and sometimes it has been taken to be like the relation between [[ | With regard to the relation between riwayat al-hadith and dirayat al-hadith, it should be said that the relation between dirayat al-hadith and the texts of hadiths has sometimes been taken to be like the relation between an [[exegesis]] and the text that it interprets or that between judgments and events, and sometimes it has been taken to be like the relation between [[principles of jurisprudence]] and [[jurisprudence]] or [[nahw]] (Arabic grammar) and i'rab (that is, modulation of words and declensions). | ||
==A Classification of Hadith-related Disciplines== | ==A Classification of Hadith-related Disciplines== | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
==Other Titles== | ==Other Titles== | ||
This discipline has also been called "'ulum al-hadith" (sciences of | This discipline has also been called "'ulum al-hadith" (sciences of hadith), "mustalah al-hadith" (terminologies of hadith), and "usul al-hadith" (principles of hadith). Among [[Shiite]] scholars, however, the term "dirayat al-hadith", or sometimes "diraya" for short, is most commonly used. And for Shiite scholars, the term, "usul al-hadith", has come to refer to the main books of hadith, such as the [[Four Books]]. | ||
==Formation== | ==Formation== | ||
The formation of dirayat al-hadith should be taken to be a result of extensive interactions between scholars of [[hadith]], scholars of [[ | The formation of dirayat al-hadith should be taken to be a result of extensive interactions between scholars of [[hadith]], scholars of [[jurisprudence]], and those of [[theology]]. The path has sometimes been different for [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] scholars. For Sunnis, some issues of dirayat al-hadith came under focus since the period of [[companions]] (the Prophet's (s) immediate companions). There are cases of works written about some issues of dirayat al-hadith which date back to the late second century/early 9th century. [[Shafi'i]] is the first to have written about this in his ''al-Risala''. | ||
===The Formation of Hadith-related Terminologies=== | ===The Formation of Hadith-related Terminologies=== | ||
Some terminologies of [[hadith]]-related disciplines are formed in the 3rd/9th century. In this period, scholars of hadith and the [[science of Rijal]] discussed some issues of dirayat al-hadith in the introduction of their books; issues such as the manners of hearing a hadith and delivering it to others, types of acceptable and unacceptable hadiths, and classes of [[ | Some terminologies of [[hadith]]-related disciplines are formed in the 3rd/9th century. In this period, scholars of hadith and the [[science of Rijal]] discussed some issues of dirayat al-hadith in the introduction of their books; issues such as the manners of hearing a hadith and delivering it to others, types of acceptable and unacceptable hadiths, and classes of [[narrators of hadiths]]. According to Nur al-Din 'Itr, ''al-'Ilal'' by al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/ 892), which is published at the end of his collection of Hadith, known as ''Jami' al-tirmidhi'', is distinguished for its definitions of some terms in dirayat al-hadith. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [ | * The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:درایة الحدیث|درایة الحدیث]]}} in Farsi wikishia. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||