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Zayd b. Haritha: Difference between revisions
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| Presence at [[ghazwas]] = [[Battle of Badr]], [[Battle of Mu'ta]], ... | | Presence at [[ghazwas]] = [[Battle of Badr]], [[Battle of Mu'ta]], ... | ||
| Migration to = [[Medina]] | | Migration to = [[Medina]] | ||
| Known for = Emancipated by and stepson of [[ | | Known for = Emancipated by and stepson of the [[Prophet (s)]] | ||
| Notable roles = The commander of the [[Battle of Mu'ta]], [[Sahaba|Sahabi]] | | Notable roles = The commander of the [[Battle of Mu'ta]], [[Sahaba|Sahabi]] | ||
| Other activities = | | Other activities = | ||
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'''Abū Usāma Zayd b. Ḥāritha b. Sharāhīl (Shuraḥbīl) al-Kalbī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|ابواسامه زید بن حارثه بن شراحیل (شرحبیل) کلبی}}), known as '''Zayd b. Haritha''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|زید بن حارثة}}) (d. [[8]]/ 629), was [[ | '''Abū Usāma Zayd b. Ḥāritha b. Sharāhīl (Shuraḥbīl) al-Kalbī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|ابواسامه زید بن حارثه بن شراحیل (شرحبیل) کلبی}}), known as '''Zayd b. Haritha''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|زید بن حارثة}}) (d. [[8]]/ 629), was the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s)]] stepson; before that, he was the Prophet's (s) slave and was emancipated by him. He was one of the first people who converted to [[Islam]] and the only person from [[Sahaba]] (the Prophet's (s) immediate companions) whose name is mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. He was the commander in the [[Battle of Mu'ta]] and was killed in this battle. His grave, as well as the graves of other martyrs of Mu'ta, are located in [[Jordan]] and are visited by Muslim pilgrims. | ||
==Parentage and childhood== | ==Parentage and childhood== | ||
Zayd's father, [[Haritha b. Sharahil]], was from the [[Banu Kalb al-Quda'a]] tribe and his mother, [[Su'da bt. Tha'laba b. 'Amir]] was from [[Banu Ma'n]] of the [[Tayy]] tribe. He was called "Zayd al-Hubb" (Arabic: ّزید الحب), that is, the beloved Zayd, because he was loved by [[ | Zayd's father, [[Haritha b. Sharahil]], was from the [[Banu Kalb al-Quda'a]] tribe and his mother, [[Su'da bt. Tha'laba b. 'Amir]] was from [[Banu Ma'n]] of the [[Tayy]] tribe. He was called "Zayd al-Hubb" (Arabic: ّزید الحب), that is, the beloved Zayd, because he was loved by the [[Prophet (s)]]. Zayd was a slave at first and was then emancipated by the Prophet (s), and this is why Zayd and his son, [[Usama b. Zayd|Usama]], are called the Prophet's (s) [[mawali]] (slaves). | ||
There is no accurate information about his date of birth. During the period of [[jahiliyya]] (or the pre-Islamic days of Arabs), Zayd visited the Banu Ma'n tribe with his mother. The tribe was then attacked by its enemy, and Zayd was captivated. He was 8 years old when [[Hakim b. Hazam]] purchased him for [[Khadija]] in a slave market near [[Mecca]]. After her marriage with [[ | There is no accurate information about his date of birth. During the period of [[jahiliyya]] (or the pre-Islamic days of Arabs), Zayd visited the Banu Ma'n tribe with his mother. The tribe was then attacked by its enemy, and Zayd was captivated. He was 8 years old when [[Hakim b. Hazam]] purchased him for [[Lady Khadija (a)]] in a slave market near [[Mecca]]. After her marriage with the [[Prophet (s)]], [[Lady Khadija (a)]] bestowed Zayd to the Prophet (s). The Prophet (s) emancipated Zayd and then kept him in his house. The Prophet (s) is said to have been 10 years older than Zayd. | ||
Years later, Zayd saw some people of his tribe in the [[Hajj]] rituals, and asked them to let his parents know about his health. His father had composed poems about his longing for Zayd. The father asked the Prophet (s) to give Zayd back to him in exchange with money. The Prophet (s) gave Zayd the option to stay with him or return to his tribe. Zayd chose to stay with the Prophet (s). Haritha, Zayd's father, told him: "Son! Do you prefer slavery to freedom and do you leave your father alone?" Zayd replied: "Since when I saw [[Muhammad (s)]], I never preferred anybody else to him". When the Prophet (s) heard this, he said: "Zayd is my son, he inherits from me and I inherit from him". Since then he was called "Zayd b. Muhammad" until Quranic verses (33: 4-5) prohibited people from calling stepchildren by the name of their stepfathers: | Years later, Zayd saw some people of his tribe in the [[Hajj]] rituals, and asked them to let his parents know about his health. His father had composed poems about his longing for Zayd. The father asked the Prophet (s) to give Zayd back to him in exchange with money. The Prophet (s) gave Zayd the option to stay with him or return to his tribe. Zayd chose to stay with the Prophet (s). Haritha, Zayd's father, told him: "Son! Do you prefer slavery to freedom and do you leave your father alone?" Zayd replied: "Since when I saw [[Muhammad (s)]], I never preferred anybody else to him". When the Prophet (s) heard this, he said: "Zayd is my son, he inherits from me and I inherit from him". Since then he was called "Zayd b. Muhammad" until Quranic verses (33: 4-5) prohibited people from calling stepchildren by the name of their stepfathers: | ||
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==Islam, Hijra, and the fraternity pact== | ==Islam, Hijra, and the fraternity pact== | ||
Sources of Islamic history have mentioned Zayd b. Haritha as one of the first people who converted to [[Islam]]. When [[ | Sources of Islamic history have mentioned Zayd b. Haritha as one of the first people who converted to [[Islam]]. When the [[Prophet (s)]] was selected as a prophet and went back home, [[Lady Khadija (a)]], [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], and Zayd b. Haritha were in his house. Zayd is the second Muslim man after [[Imam Ali (a)]]. | ||
When the Prophet (s) immigrated to [[Medina]], Zayd and [[Abu Rafi']] were assigned the task of taking the Prophet (s) | When the Prophet (s) immigrated to [[Medina]], Zayd and [[Abu Rafi']] were assigned the task of taking the Prophet's (s) daughters, [[Fatima (s)]], [[Umm Kulthum]], and [[Suda bt. Zam'a|Suda]]. Zayd's wife [[Umm Ayman]] and his son, [[Usama]], accompanied them on this trip. | ||
[[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] made a [[fraternity pact]] with Zayd b. Haritha in [[Mecca]]. In the [[ | [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] made a [[fraternity pact]] with Zayd b. Haritha in [[Mecca]]. In the [[Battle of Uhud]], Hamza appointed Zayd as the executor of his will in case he dies. After [[hijra]], the Prophet (s) made a fraternity pact between Zayd and [[Usayd b. Hudayr]]. | ||
Zayd is the only companion of the Prophet (s) whose name is mentioned in the [[Quran]]. | Zayd is the only companion of the Prophet (s) whose name is mentioned in the [[Quran]]. | ||
==Marriage== | ==Marriage== | ||
[[Umm Ayman]] was [[ | [[Umm Ayman]] was the [[Prophet (s)]]'s bondwoman who was emancipated by the Prophet (s) and married Zayd b. Haritha after the death of her husband, [['Ubayd b. Zayd al-Khazraji]]. They had a son, [[Usama b. Zayd]]. This is why Zayd was nicknamed "Abu Usama" (Usama's father). | ||
After [[Zaynab bt. Jahsh]] immigrated to [[Medina]], the Prophet (s) proposed her for Zayd. Before the proposal, Zaynab thought that the Prophet (s) wanted to propose the marriage for himself. Once she learned that he proposed her for Zayd, she rejected the proposal, but after the Prophet (s) | After [[Zaynab bt. Jahsh]] immigrated to [[Medina]], the Prophet (s) proposed her for Zayd. Before the proposal, Zaynab thought that the Prophet (s) wanted to propose the marriage for himself. Once she learned that he proposed her for Zayd, she rejected the proposal, but after the Prophet's (s) insistence, she consented to the marriage. However, there were always conflicts between Zayd and Zaynab. Zayd complained to the Prophet (s) that Zaynab was bad-tempered. The Prophet (s) asked him to be patient, until they divorced by the divine command in [[5]]/626. | ||
After his divorce from Zaynab, Zayd married [[Umm Kulthum bt. 'Uqba]]. They had two children, [[Zayd b. Zayd]] and [[Ruqayya bt. Zayd]]. They were also divorced. After this, Zayd married [[Durra bt. Abu Lahab b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], and after getting divorced from her, he married [[Hind bt. al-'Awam]], [[Zubayr]]'s sister. | After his divorce from Zaynab, Zayd married [[Umm Kulthum bt. 'Uqba]]. They had two children, [[Zayd b. Zayd]] and [[Ruqayya bt. Zayd]]. They were also divorced. After this, Zayd married [[Durra bt. Abu Lahab b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], and after getting divorced from her, he married [[Hind bt. al-'Awam]], [[Zubayr]]'s sister. | ||
==Participation in battles== | ==Participation in battles== | ||
Zayd was the commander of some [[ | Zayd was the commander of some [[sariyya]]s or military expeditions, such as Qarda, [[al-Jumum]] ([[Rabi' II]] of [[6]]/ May 627), [[al-'Is]] ([[Jumada I]], [[6]]/ June 627), [[Taraf]] ([[Jumada II]], 6/ July 627), [[Hisma]] (Jumada II, 6/ July 627), [[Wadi l-Qura]] ([[Rajab]], 6/ August 627), and the [[Battle of Mu'ta]]. | ||
In some trips, [[ | In some trips, the [[Prophet (s)]] appointed Zayd as his surrogate. He attended the [[Battle of Badr]] and killed [[Hanzala b. Abu Sufyan]] in that battle. After the battle was over, the Prophet (s) sent Zayd b. Haritha and [['Abd Allah b. Rawaha]] from Athil to [[Medina]] to deliver the news about the victory of Muslims. | ||
===As the commander of the Battle of Mu'ta=== | ===As the commander of the Battle of Mu'ta=== | ||
In [[8]]/629, [[ | In [[8]]/629, the [[Prophet (s)]] appointed Zayd as the commander of the Islamic army (consisting of 3000 soldiers) in the [[Battle of Mu'ta]]. The Prophet (s) said: if Zayd is killed, [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] will be the commander, and if he is killed, then 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha will be the commander. | ||
==Death and the grave== | ==Death and the grave== | ||
Zayd was killed in [[8]]/629, together with [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] and [['Abd Allah b. Rawaha]], in the [[Battle of Mu'ta]]. When [[ | Zayd was killed in [[8]]/629, together with [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]] and [['Abd Allah b. Rawaha]], in the [[Battle of Mu'ta]]. When the [[Prophet (s)]] heard the news, he was saddened and asked [[God]]'s forgiveness and mercy for him. The Prophet (s) mentioned him and Ja'far b. Abi Talib as great people. He is said to have been 50 or 55 years old when he was martyred. | ||
The martyrs of Mu'ta are buried in the village of [[Mazar]], 12 kilometers from the south of [[Karak]] in [[Jordan]]. According to some sources, Ja'far b. Abi Talib, 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha, and Zayd b. Haritha are buried in one grave. From 1930 to 1934, Malik 'Abd Allah b. Malik Husayn, the king of Jordan, ordered the building of a [[mosque]] with three domes and two minarets on [[Ja'far al-Tayyar]]'s grave, and two smaller domes have also been built on Zayd's and 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha's graves. During the rituals of [[Ashura]], [[Shi'a|Shiites]] in Jordan gather around the mausoleums of Zayd b. Haritha and Ja'far al-Tayyar, but in recent years, the government in Jordan has blocked such rituals in these mausoleums. | The martyrs of Mu'ta are buried in the village of [[Mazar]], 12 kilometers from the south of [[Karak]] in [[Jordan]]. According to some sources, Ja'far b. Abi Talib, 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha, and Zayd b. Haritha are buried in one grave. From 1930 to 1934, Malik 'Abd Allah b. Malik Husayn, the king of Jordan, ordered the building of a [[mosque]] with three domes and two minarets on [[Ja'far al-Tayyar]]'s grave, and two smaller domes have also been built on Zayd's and 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha's graves. During the rituals of [[Ashura]], [[Shi'a|Shiites]] in Jordan gather around the mausoleums of Zayd b. Haritha and Ja'far al-Tayyar, but in recent years, the government in Jordan has blocked such rituals in these mausoleums. | ||
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[[Usama b. Zayd]] has narrated some hadiths from his father, Zayd b. Haritha. | [[Usama b. Zayd]] has narrated some hadiths from his father, Zayd b. Haritha. | ||
==References== | |||
* The material for this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%87 زید بن حارثه] in Farsi WikiShia. | |||
{{Sahaba}} | {{Sahaba}} | ||