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'''Rajʿa''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|الرَّجعَة}}), the belief that a group of people will return to the Earth after death, is a belief particular to the [[Shi'a]]s. The period of this incident will begin shortly after the [[reappearance]] of the [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|twelfth Shi'a Imam, al-Mahdi (a)]] | '''Rajʿa''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|الرَّجعَة}}), the belief that a group of people will return to the Earth after death, is a belief particular to the [[Shi'a]]s. The period of this incident will begin shortly after the [[reappearance]] of the [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|twelfth Shi'a Imam, al-Mahdi (a)]]. The [[Holy Qur'an]] has mentioned the story of some people who have been resurrected after death. Based on some [[hadith]]s, a number of perfect believers as well as a number of complete infidels will return to this world. The return of Imam Ali (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a) has been especially emphasized. Since there are [[mutawatir]] hadiths about Raj'a, it is a certain fact. However, details about Raj'a are not as certain. | ||
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== | ==Literal Meaning== | ||
The word raj'a is extracted from the root | The word raj'a is extracted from the root of 'ra ja 'a' ({{ia|ر ج ع}}) in Arabic, and literally means 'to return'. | ||
In the [[Holy Qur'an]] and [[Hadith|narrations]] different terms have been used to refer to this doctrinal principle such as raj'a, karra, radd, hashr. However, raj'a is the most popular term. | |||
This form of Arabic infinitive (Masdar al-Marra) for raj'a translates | This form of Arabic infinitive (Masdar al-Marra) for raj'a translates into 'returning once, or to return once'. | ||
== | ==Technical Meaning== | ||
As a technical term used in Islamic discourse and science, raj'a has been coined to represent the belief that at the time of [[Zuhur|Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance]], [[God]] will bring back to life a number of his Shi'as who departed from the world before his reappearance. The purpose of this returning to life is for the Shi'as to aid and help the Imam (a) in his mission and for them to witness the establishment of his righteous government. Similarly, God will also bring back to life a number of the Imam's enemies so that they may taste the punishment of this world and witness, much to their regret, the glory and power of Imam [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|al-Mahdi]]'s government . | As a technical term used in Islamic discourse and science, raj'a has been coined to represent the belief that at the time of [[Zuhur|Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance]], [[God]] will bring back to life a number of his Shi'as who have departed from the world before his reappearance. The purpose of this returning to life is for the Shi'as to aid and help the Imam (a) in his mission and for them to witness the establishment of his righteous government. Similarly, God will also bring back to life a number of the Imam's enemies so that they may taste the punishment of this world and witness, much to their regret, the glory and power of Imam [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|al-Mahdi]]'s government . | ||
==Raj'a in the Shi'a Belief System == | ==Raj'a in the Shi'a Belief System == | ||
Raj'a is considered one of the necessary components of the Shi'a belief system. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]], a Shi'a scholar and [[theologian]], says, "The [[Twelver Shi'a]]s are of the belief that at the time of Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance, God will bring back to a life a group among the believers, so that they may benefit from the righteous government of al-Mahdi (a), and gain the rewards of helping him and aiding him in establishing this government. A group from among the enemies will also be brought back to life, so that revenge can be taken on them." | Raj'a is considered one of the necessary components of the Shi'a belief system. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]], a Shi'a scholar and [[theologian]], says, "The [[Twelver Shi'a]]s are of the belief that at the time of Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance, God will bring back to a life a group among the believers, so that they may benefit from the righteous government of al-Mahdi (a), and gain the rewards of helping him and aiding him in establishing this government. A group from among the enemies will also be brought back to life, so that revenge can be taken on them." | ||
[['Allama Tabataba'i]] writes in ''[[Al-Mizan]]'', "Although the non-Shi'a | [['Allama Tabataba'i]] writes in ''[[Al-Mizan]]'', "Although the non-Shi'a denominations, accept the belief in the reappearance of al-Mahdi (a), and have widely reported ([[mutawatir]]) narrations from the [[Prophet (s)]] in this regard, they reject the issue of raj'a, and see this to be a belief particular to the Shi'as." | ||
==Evidence and Proofs for Raj'a from the Holy Qur'an== | ==Evidence and Proofs for Raj'a from the Holy Qur'an== | ||
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Ma'mun asked what the final result of this would be. The Imam (a) answered: | Ma'mun asked what the final result of this would be. The Imam (a) answered: | ||
:::The Right (Haqq) will return to its rightful owners. | :::The Right (Haqq) will return to its rightful owners. | ||
==Those Who Will Experience Raj'a== | |||
Some reports have specifically mentioned those that will experience raj'a. From among the Prophets (a), those mentioned are; Daniel ([[Daniyal (a)]]), Joshua ([[Yusha' (a)]]), Jesus ([['Isa (a)]]), [[Khidr (a)]], the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. The [[Imams (a)]] and a number of their companions such as; [[Salman al-Farsi|Salman]], [[Miqdad b. 'Amr]], [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], [[Malik al-Ashtar al-Nakha'i|Malik al-Ashtar]], [[Mufaddal b. 'Umar]], [[Hamran b. A'yan]] and [[Muyassir b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] will also return through raj'a, alongside the companions of the cave ([[Ashab al-Kahf]]). | |||
==The History of Raj'a in Shi'a Denominations== | |||
In some reports, it has been recorded that shortly after the [[martyrdom]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], a group of people from [[Iraq]] developed the belief that Imam Ali (a) would return to this world before the final resurrection. Similar beliefs developed in different Shi'a denominations after the death or martyrdoms of personalities like [[Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya]], [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], and [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]]. | |||
==Raj'a in Other Religions== | |||
The concept of raj'a can be found in the [[Old Testament]]. The Book of Ezekiel for instance, points towards the coming back to life of the [[Israelites]] and the rule of [[David (a)]] in the end of times . In the Book of Daniel, it is reported that 'In the end of times, many of those who are asleep within the earth will be awoken' . | |||
The [[New Testament]] also speaks about the returning to life of the righteous people and the establishment of the [[Messiah]]'s rule in the first resurrection, before the coming of the second resurrection . | |||
==The Authenticity of the Raj'a Narrations== | |||
In his ''[[Bihar al-Anwar]]'', [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] mentions over one-hundred and sixty [[verses]] and narrations on the topic of raj'a. After quoting these hadiths, he says, "For those who have faith in the words of the Imams (a), no room for doubt remains that raj'a is a true concept. The reason being, that the reports that have been collated from the [[Imams (a)]] on this matter are at the level of [[tawatur]] (widely reported to the extent that no doubt can remain regarding the authenticity of the said matter).The author of the Quranic exegesis ''Al-Mizan'', [['Allama Tabataba'i]], believes that these reports have reached a level of tawatur in meaning. So much so that even if a few of these reports were to be problematic or unclear, it would not affect the tawatur of the reports. | |||
Furthermore, the idea of raj'a appears in many of the recorded [[Ziyarah]]s and supplications, including the [[Al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira]], [[Ziyara Warith]], [[Ziyara Arba'in]], [[Ziyara Al Yasin]], and [[Ziyara Rajabiyya]], also the supplications of Wida' and [[Supplication of 'Ahd|'Ahd]]. | |||
It is noteworthy to say that while Shi'as believe in raj'a, they do not consider the rejecters of raj'a as non-Muslim ([[Kafir]]), since raj'a is a necessary belief to be Shi'a, not Muslim, meaning the rejecter will still be in the fold of Islam. It is understood from a number of reports that belief in raj'a is a condition for perfect faith and true Islam. | |||
==Works about Raj'a== | ==Works about Raj'a== | ||
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# ''Al-Shi'a wa al-raj'a''; Muhammad Rida Tabasi Najafi (d. [[1405]]/1984-1985). This book was published in the year [[1378]]/1958-1959 by Al-Matba'a al-Haydariyya Publishers, [[Najaf]]. The book consists of theoretical, historical, linguistical, and ethical discussions, with research and analysis. In this book, the status of raj'a as per the [[Qur'an]], reported supplications, reported salutations ([[Ziyara]]), the consensus of the scholars and the view of reputable figures, has been analyzed and reviewed. In the first chapter of this book, one-hundred and seventy-four verses of the Qur'an that have been interpreted as referring to raj'a according to the narrations, have been mentioned alongside the relevant narrations. | # ''Al-Shi'a wa al-raj'a''; Muhammad Rida Tabasi Najafi (d. [[1405]]/1984-1985). This book was published in the year [[1378]]/1958-1959 by Al-Matba'a al-Haydariyya Publishers, [[Najaf]]. The book consists of theoretical, historical, linguistical, and ethical discussions, with research and analysis. In this book, the status of raj'a as per the [[Qur'an]], reported supplications, reported salutations ([[Ziyara]]), the consensus of the scholars and the view of reputable figures, has been analyzed and reviewed. In the first chapter of this book, one-hundred and seventy-four verses of the Qur'an that have been interpreted as referring to raj'a according to the narrations, have been mentioned alongside the relevant narrations. | ||
== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | |||
* The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikiShia.net/view/رجعت رجعت] in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikiShia.net/view/رجعت رجعت] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
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{{Imamate}} | {{Imamate}} | ||