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'''Rajʿa''' (Arabic: {{ | '''Rajʿa''' (Arabic: {{ia|الرَّجعَة}}), is the belief that a group of people who have died will return to the Earth shortly after the [[reappearance]] of the [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|twelfth Shi'a Imam, al-Mahdi (a)]]. It is a belief particular to the [[Shi'a]] Muslims. The [[Qur'an]] has mentioned the story of some people who have been resurrected after death. Based on some [[hadith]]s, a number of perfect believers as well as a number of complete infidels will return to this world. The return of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] has been especially emphasized. Since there are [[mutawatir]] hadiths about raj'a, it is a certain fact. However, details about raj'a are not as certain. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The word "raj'a" literally means 'to return'. In the [[ | The word "raj'a" literally means 'to return'. In the [[Qur'an]] and [[Hadith|narrations]] different terms have been used to refer to this doctrinal principle such as raj'a, karra, radd, hashr. However, raj'a is the most popular term. | ||
This form of Arabic infinitive (masdar al-marra) for raj'a translates into 'returning once, or to return once'. | This form of Arabic infinitive (masdar al-marra) for raj'a translates into 'returning once, or to return once'. | ||
==In Shi'a Beliefs== | ==In Shi'a Beliefs== | ||
As a technical term used in Islamic discourse and science, raj'a has been coined to represent the belief that at the time of [[Zuhur|Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance]], [[God]] will bring back to life a number the deceased to the world with their worldly body. Creating an opportunity for the believers to reach their ultimate perfection is mentioned among the reasons behind raj'a. According to a | As a technical term used in Islamic discourse and science, raj'a has been coined to represent the belief that at the time of [[Zuhur|Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance]], [[God]] will bring back to life a number the deceased to the world with their worldly body. Creating an opportunity for the believers to reach their ultimate perfection is mentioned among the reasons behind raj'a. According to a hadith from [[Imam al-Rida (a)]], those believers who do not achieve the blessing of martyrdom will achieve it during their raj'a. | ||
The purpose of this returning to life is for the Shi'as to aid and help the Imam (a) in his mission and for them to witness the establishment of his righteous government. Similarly, God will also bring back to life a number of the Imam's enemies so that they may taste the punishment of this world and witness, much to their regret, the glory and power of | The purpose of this returning to life is for the Shi'as to aid and help the Imam (a) in his mission and for them to witness the establishment of his righteous government. Similarly, God will also bring back to life a number of the Imam's enemies so that they may taste the punishment of this world and witness, much to their regret, the glory and power of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]'s government . | ||
Raj'a is considered one of the necessary components of the Shi'a belief system. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]], a Shi'a scholar and [[theologian]], says, "The [[Twelver Shi'a]]s are of the belief that at the time of Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance, God will bring back to a life a group among the believers, so that they may benefit from the righteous government of al-Mahdi (a), and gain the rewards of helping him and aiding him in establishing this government. A group from among the enemies will also be brought back to life, so that revenge can be taken on them." | Raj'a is considered one of the necessary components of the Shi'a belief system. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]], a Shi'a scholar and [[theology|theologian]], says, "The [[Twelver Shi'a]]s are of the belief that at the time of Imam al-Mahdi's reappearance, God will bring back to a life a group among the believers, so that they may benefit from the righteous government of al-Mahdi (a), and gain the rewards of helping him and aiding him in establishing this government. A group from among the enemies will also be brought back to life, so that revenge can be taken on them." | ||
[['Allama Tabataba'i]] writes in ''[[al-Mizan]]'', "Although the non-Shi'a denominations, accept the belief in the reappearance of al-Mahdi (a), and have widely reported ([[mutawatir]]) narrations from the [[Prophet (s)]] in this regard, they reject the issue of raj'a, and see this to be a belief particular to the Shi'as." | [['Allama Tabataba'i]] writes in ''[[al-Mizan]]'', "Although the non-Shi'a denominations, accept the belief in the reappearance of al-Mahdi (a), and have widely reported ([[mutawatir]]) narrations from the [[Prophet (s)]] in this regard, they reject the issue of raj'a, and see this to be a belief particular to the Shi'as." | ||
==In Qur'an== | ==In Qur'an== | ||
According to Shi'a theologians and | According to Shi'a theologians and Qur'anic commentators, there are [[verse]]s in the [[Qur'an]] that speak about raj'a. | ||
Five verses refer to the resurrection of the dead in the past, these verses confirm the possibility of raj'a. | Five verses refer to the resurrection of the dead in the past, these verses confirm the possibility of raj'a. | ||
* Raising of the seventy companions of [[Musa (a)]]{{enote|And when you said, ‘O Moses, we will not believe you until we see Allah visibly.’ Thereupon a thunderbolt seized you as you looked on. (55) Then We raised you up after your death so that you might give thanks. (Qur'an, 2:55-56)}} | * Raising of the seventy companions of Prophet [[Musa (a)]]{{enote|And when you said, ‘O Moses, we will not believe you until we see Allah visibly.’ Thereupon a thunderbolt seized you as you looked on. (55) Then We raised you up after your death so that you might give thanks. (Qur'an, 2:55-56)}} | ||
* Resurrection of 'Uzayr after one hundred years{{enote|Or him who came upon a township as it lay fallen on its trellises. He said, ‘How will Allah revive this after its death?!’ So Allah made him die for a hundred years, then He resurrected him. He said, ‘How long have you remained?’ Said he, ‘I have remained a day or part of a day.’ He said, ‘Rather you have remained a hundred years. Now look at your food and drink which have not rotted! Then look at your ass! [This was done] that We may make you a sign for mankind. And look at the bones, how We arrange them and then clothe them with flesh!’ When it became evident to him, he said, ‘I know that Allah has power over all things.’ (Qur'an, 2:259)}} | * Resurrection of 'Uzayr after one hundred years{{enote|Or him who came upon a township as it lay fallen on its trellises. He said, ‘How will Allah revive this after its death?!’ So Allah made him die for a hundred years, then He resurrected him. He said, ‘How long have you remained?’ Said he, ‘I have remained a day or part of a day.’ He said, ‘Rather you have remained a hundred years. Now look at your food and drink which have not rotted! Then look at your ass! [This was done] that We may make you a sign for mankind. And look at the bones, how We arrange them and then clothe them with flesh!’ When it became evident to him, he said, ‘I know that Allah has power over all things.’ (Qur'an, 2:259)}} | ||
* Revival of a murdered person from the Israelites{{enote|And when you killed a soul, and accused one another about it—and Allah was to expose what you were concealing— We said, 'Strike him with a piece of it:' thus does Allah revive the dead, and He shows you His signs so that you may exercise your reason. (Qur'an, 2:72-73)}} | * Revival of a murdered person from the Israelites{{enote|And when you killed a soul, and accused one another about it—and Allah was to expose what you were concealing— We said, 'Strike him with a piece of it:' thus does Allah revive the dead, and He shows you His signs so that you may exercise your reason. (Qur'an, 2:72-73)}} | ||
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Some verses speak about the happening of raj'a in the future: | Some verses speak about the happening of raj'a in the future: | ||
* Verse 83 of [[ | * Verse 83 of [[Qur'an 27]] is about a day in which a group from every nation will be resurrected, the verse is not about the [[Day of Judgement]] as on the Day of Judgement all people will be resurrected not just certain groups of them{{enote|On that day We shall resurrect from every nation a group of those who denied Our signs, and they will be held in check. (Qur'an 27:83)}} | ||
* Verse 11 of [[ | * Verse 11 of [[Qur'an 40]] quotes from the faithless in the Day of Judgement that they had died twice and had been revived twice. The two deaths and revivals show that they had experienced raj'a before the Day of Judgement{{enote|They will say, 'Our Lord! Twice did You make us die, and twice did You give us life. We admit our sins. Is there any way out [from this plight]?' (Qur'an 40:11)}} | ||
==In Hadiths== | ==In Hadiths== | ||
In his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] mentions over one-hundred and sixty [[verses]] and narrations on the topic of raj'a. After quoting these hadiths, he says, "For those who have faith in the words of the Imams (a), no room for doubt remains that raj'a is a true concept. The reason being, that the reports that have been collated from the [[Imams (a)]] on this matter are at the level of [[tawatur]] | In his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] mentions over one-hundred and sixty [[verses]] and narrations on the topic of raj'a. After quoting these hadiths, he says, "For those who have faith in the words of the Imams (a), no room for doubt remains that raj'a is a true concept. The reason being, that the reports that have been collated from the [[Imams (a)]] on this matter are at the level of [[tawatur]]{{enote|widely reported to the extent that no doubt can remain regarding the authenticity of the said matter}}.The author of the Qur'anic exegesis ''Al-Mizan'', [['Allama Tabataba'i]], believes that these reports have reached a level of tawatur in meaning. So much so that even if a few of these reports were to be problematic or unclear, it would not affect the tawatur of the reports. | ||
Furthermore, the idea of raj'a appears in many of the recorded [[Ziyarah]]s and supplications, including the [[Al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira]], [[Ziyara Warith]], [[Ziyara Arba'in]], [[Ziyara Al Yasin]], and [[Ziyara Rajabiyya]], also the supplications of Wida' and [[Supplication of 'Ahd|'Ahd]]. | Furthermore, the idea of raj'a appears in many of the recorded [[Ziyarah]]s and supplications, including the [[Al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira]], [[Ziyara Warith]], [[Ziyara Arba'in]], [[Ziyara Al Yasin]], and [[Ziyara Rajabiyya]], also the supplications of Wida' and [[Supplication of 'Ahd|'Ahd]]. | ||
It is noteworthy to say that while Shi'as believe in raj'a, they do not consider the rejecters of raj'a as non-Muslim ([[Kafir]]), since raj'a is a necessary belief to be Shi'a, not Muslim, meaning the rejecter will still be in the fold of Islam. It is understood from a number of reports that belief in raj'a is a condition for perfect faith and true Islam. | It is noteworthy to say that while Shi'as believe in raj'a, they do not consider the rejecters of raj'a as non-Muslim ([[Kafir]]), since raj'a is a necessary belief to be Shi'a, not Muslim, meaning the rejecter will still be in the fold of Islam. It is understood from a number of reports that belief in raj'a is a condition for perfect [[faith]] and true Islam. | ||
===The Time of Raj'a=== | ===The Time of Raj'a=== | ||
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===Prophets and Believers before the Advent of Islam=== | ===Prophets and Believers before the Advent of Islam=== | ||
According to some hadiths, | According to some hadiths, [[Daniel (a)]] (Daniyal), [[Joshua (a)]] (Yusha'), [[Jesus (a)]] ('Isa), and [[Khidr]] are among those who will return. Also, it is mentioned that some believers and followers of the previous religions, such as the [[People of the Cave]], will return. | ||
'''Return of Jesus''' | '''Return of Jesus''' | ||
Both Shi'a and [[Sunni]] sources state that | Both Shi'a and [[Sunni]] sources state that the Jesus (a) will return at the time of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. It can be understood from the traditions with certainty that Jesus (a) will return after the [[reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] and will pray behind him. According to some traditions, the Imam (a) will give Jesus (a) the leadership and governance of a part of the world. Sunni sources indicate that the duration of the return of Jesus (a) will be forty years. | ||
According to some hadiths, verse 159 of [[ | According to some hadiths, verse 159 of the [[Qur'an 4]] "There is none among the [[People of the Book]] but will surely believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them" is related to the return of Jesus (a). | ||
===The Prophet (s), Ahl al-bayt (a), and Their Companions=== | ===The Prophet (s), Ahl al-bayt (a), and Their Companions=== | ||
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==Related Works== | ==Related Works== | ||
Due to the great importance of raj'a in the [[Shiite]] theological belief system, Shi'a scholars and [[narrator]]s have written numerous books and treatises on the topic. Unfortunately, many of these works are no longer available to us, and have been lost. Now, only their names remain in the books of [[rijal]] | Due to the great importance of raj'a in the [[Shiite]] theological belief system, Shi'a scholars and [[narrator]]s have written numerous books and treatises on the topic. Unfortunately, many of these works are no longer available to us, and have been lost. Now, only their names remain in the books of [[rijal]]{{enote|books regarding the status of narrators, and at times their works}} and fihrist (lists of authors and their works). [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] introduces thirty works written on this topic. Some of the most important ones that have been published are as follows: | ||
* ''Al-Raj'a''; Mirza Muhammad Mu'min b. Dust Muhammad Husayni Astarabadi (annotated by Faris Hassun Karim and published by Anwar al-Huda Publications, [[1417]]/1996-1997). Mirza Muhammad Mu'min was martyred in [[Mecca]] in the year [[1088]]/1677-1678). In this work, after a short introduction regarding the necessity of turning to the [[Infallible Imams (a)]] in all affairs, and submitting to their words, Mirza Muhammad presents more than a hundred narrations on the topic of raj'a. | * ''Al-Raj'a''; Mirza Muhammad Mu'min b. Dust Muhammad Husayni Astarabadi (annotated by Faris Hassun Karim and published by Anwar al-Huda Publications, [[1417]]/1996-1997). Mirza Muhammad Mu'min was martyred in [[Mecca]] in the year [[1088]]/1677-1678). In this work, after a short introduction regarding the necessity of turning to the [[Infallible Imams (a)]] in all affairs, and submitting to their words, Mirza Muhammad presents more than a hundred narrations on the topic of raj'a. | ||
# ''Al-Iqaz min al-haj'a bi l-burhan 'ala l-raj'a''; Shaykh Muhammad b. Hasan [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]] (d. [[1104]]/1692-1693). This book was authored in [[1075]]/1664-1665; it contains over one-hundred and seventy narrations, including tens of verses and other proofs to establish the concept of raj'a. | # ''Al-Iqaz min al-haj'a bi l-burhan 'ala l-raj'a''; Shaykh Muhammad b. Hasan [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]] (d. [[1104]]/1692-1693). This book was authored in [[1075]]/1664-1665; it contains over one-hundred and seventy narrations, including tens of verses and other proofs to establish the concept of raj'a. | ||
# ''Raj'at''; [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi]] (d. [[1111]]/1699-1700). This book was written in Persian. It contains fourteen narrations pertaining to the [[reappearance]] of the [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|Twelfth Imam]], al-Mahdi (a), and the topic of raj'a. It is worth noting that al-'Allama al-Majlisi has addressed in detail the issue of raj'a within his other famous work ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''. He presents approximately two-hundred narrations that have been reported on this topic . | # ''Raj'at''; [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi]] (d. [[1111]]/1699-1700). This book was written in Persian. It contains fourteen narrations pertaining to the [[reappearance]] of the [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|Twelfth Imam]], al-Mahdi (a), and the topic of raj'a. It is worth noting that al-'Allama al-Majlisi has addressed in detail the issue of raj'a within his other famous work ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''. He presents approximately two-hundred narrations that have been reported on this topic . | ||
# ''Al-Shi'a wa l-raj'a''; Muhammad Rida Tabasi Najafi (d. [[1405]]/1984-1985). This book was published in the year [[1378]]/1958-1959 by al-Matba'a al-Haydariyya Publishers, [[Najaf]]. The book consists of theoretical, historical, linguistical, and ethical discussions, with research and analysis. In this book, the status of raj'a | # ''Al-Shi'a wa l-raj'a''; Muhammad Rida Tabasi Najafi (d. [[1405]]/1984-1985). This book was published in the year [[1378]]/1958-1959 by al-Matba'a al-Haydariyya Publishers, [[Najaf]]. The book consists of theoretical, historical, linguistical, and ethical discussions, with research and analysis. In this book, the status of raj'a in the [[Qur'an]], reported supplications, reported salutations ([[Ziyarah]]), the [[consensus]] of the scholars and the view of reputable figures, has been analyzed and reviewed. In the first chapter of this book, one-hundred and seventy-four verses of the Qur'an that have been interpreted as referring to raj'a according to the narrations, have been mentioned alongside the relevant narrations. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [ | * The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:رجعت|رجعت]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
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[[es:Ray'a]] | [[es:Ray'a]] | ||
[[id:raj'ah]] | [[id:raj'ah]] | ||
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[[Category:Shia beliefs]] | [[Category:Shia beliefs]] | ||
[[Category:Mahdawiyya]] | [[Category:Mahdawiyya]] | ||