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Qays b. Mushir al-Saydawi: Difference between revisions
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'''Qays b. Mushir al-Ṣaydāwī al-Asadī''' (Arabic: قَیس بن مُسْهِر الصَّیداوي الاَسدي) was the envoy of [[Imam Husayn (a)]] who carried a message between the Imam (a), people of [[Kufa]] and [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]. He was taken captive by the army of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] in [[Qadisiyya]] and was martyred a few days before the [[event of 'Ashura]]. His name is mentioned in [[Ziyarah al-Nahiyya al-Muqaddasa]]. | '''Qays b. Mushir al-Ṣaydāwī al-Asadī''' (Arabic: قَیس بن مُسْهِر الصَّیداوي الاَسدي) was the envoy of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] who carried a message between the Imam (a), people of [[Kufa]] and [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]. He was taken captive by the army of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] in [[Qadisiyya]] and was martyred a few days before the [[event of 'Ashura]]. His name is mentioned in [[Ziyarah al-Nahiyya al-Muqaddasa]]. | ||
==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
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Qays's main role in the [[Event of Karbala]] was as an envoy. Here are the letters he carried in this event: | Qays's main role in the [[Event of Karbala]] was as an envoy. Here are the letters he carried in this event: | ||
* Carrying the [[letters of people of Kufa to Imam Husayn (a)]] in [[Mecca]]. | * Carrying the [[letters of people of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in [[Mecca]]. | ||
* Carrying [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]'s letter to [[Imam Husayn (a)]]. | * Carrying [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]'s letter to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | ||
* Returning Imam Husayn (a)'s reply to Muslim b. 'Aqil. | * Returning Imam al-Husayn (a)'s reply to Muslim b. 'Aqil. | ||
* Accompanying Muslim b. 'Aqil in his trip and carrying his letter to Imam Husayn (a) with regard to the [[allegiance]] of people in [[Kufa]] to Imam Husayn (a). | * Accompanying Muslim b. 'Aqil in his trip and carrying his letter to Imam al-Husayn (a) with regard to the [[allegiance]] of people in [[Kufa]] to Imam al-Husayn (a). | ||
* Accompanying Imam Husayn (a) and carrying his letter from [[Hajiz]] to people of Kufa. | * Accompanying Imam al-Husayn (a) and carrying his letter from [[Hajiz]] to people of Kufa. | ||
===Letters of People of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)=== | ===Letters of People of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)=== | ||
{{main|Letters of People of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)}} | {{main|Letters of People of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)}} | ||
A number of letters from people of Kufa were carried to Imam Husayn (a) on the [[Ramadan 10]],[[60]]/June 17, 680 by 'Abd Allah b. Sabu' al-Hamdani and 'Abd Allah b. Wal al-Timi. A couple of days later, Qays b. Mushir, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah al-Arhabi, and 'Amara b. 'Ubayd al-Saluli carried 150 more letters from people of Kufa to Imam Husayn (a). | A number of letters from people of Kufa were carried to Imam al-Husayn (a) on the [[Ramadan 10]],[[60]]/June 17, 680 by 'Abd Allah b. Sabu' al-Hamdani and 'Abd Allah b. Wal al-Timi. A couple of days later, Qays b. Mushir, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah al-Arhabi, and 'Amara b. 'Ubayd al-Saluli carried 150 more letters from people of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a). | ||
This shows that Qays resided in Kufa and went to [[Mecca]] just in order to carry letters from people of Kufa to Imam Husayn (a). | This shows that Qays resided in Kufa and went to [[Mecca]] just in order to carry letters from people of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a). | ||
===Carrying Muslim b. 'Aqil's Letters=== | ===Carrying Muslim b. 'Aqil's Letters=== | ||
After he rested for three days, by the command of [[Imam Husayn (a)]] and in order to accompany [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] from Mecca to Kufa, Qays left Mecca on [[Ramadan 15]], 60/680. They first went to [[Medina]] in order for Muslim b. 'Aqil to bid farewell to his friends and relatives. On this trip they were accompanied by two guides who died on the way because of serious thirst and dehydration. | After he rested for three days, by the command of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and in order to accompany [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] from Mecca to Kufa, Qays left Mecca on [[Ramadan 15]], 60/680. They first went to [[Medina]] in order for Muslim b. 'Aqil to bid farewell to his friends and relatives. On this trip they were accompanied by two guides who died on the way because of serious thirst and dehydration. | ||
On his way in this trip in a place called evil canyon, Muslim b. 'Aqil wrote a letter to Imam Husayn (a). Qays carried the letter to Imam (a) and returned his reply to Muslim b. 'Aqil. Then Qays continued to accompany Muslim b. 'Aqil, and they were joined by people such as 'Amara b. 'Ubayd al-Saluli and 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah b. Kadan al-Arhabi. According to some accounts, Qays accompanied Muslim b. 'Aqil throughout his way from Mecca to Kufa, entering [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s house with Muslim b. 'Aqil. | On his way in this trip in a place called evil canyon, Muslim b. 'Aqil wrote a letter to Imam al-Husayn (a). Qays carried the letter to Imam (a) and returned his reply to Muslim b. 'Aqil. Then Qays continued to accompany Muslim b. 'Aqil, and they were joined by people such as 'Amara b. 'Ubayd al-Saluli and 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah b. Kadan al-Arhabi. According to some accounts, Qays accompanied Muslim b. 'Aqil throughout his way from Mecca to Kufa, entering [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s house with Muslim b. 'Aqil. | ||
Qays went from Kufa to his tribe, [[Banu Asad]], and informed them that Muslim b. 'Aqil went to Kufa. [[Habib b. Muzahir]], who was a member of the tribe, went to Mukhtar's house in order to meet Muslim b. 'Aqil. | Qays went from Kufa to his tribe, [[Banu Asad]], and informed them that Muslim b. 'Aqil went to Kufa. [[Habib b. Muzahir]], who was a member of the tribe, went to Mukhtar's house in order to meet Muslim b. 'Aqil. | ||
When people of Kufa pledged their allegiance to Muslim b. 'Aqil, he wrote a letter to Imam Husayn (a) and informed him about the allegiance. The letter was carried to Imam (a) by 'Abis b. Abi Shubayb al-Shakiri and Qays. According to some sources, [[Shawdhab]] also accompanied them in carrying the letter. | When people of Kufa pledged their allegiance to Muslim b. 'Aqil, he wrote a letter to Imam al-Husayn (a) and informed him about the allegiance. The letter was carried to Imam (a) by 'Abis b. Abi Shubayb al-Shakiri and Qays. According to some sources, [[Shawdhab]] also accompanied them in carrying the letter. | ||
==Fate== | ==Fate== | ||
===Last Letter Carried=== | ===Last Letter Carried=== | ||
[[Imam Husayn (a)]] sent Qays from Hajiz station to Kufa with his reply to the letter of Muslim b. 'Aqil. According to some other accounts, the letter was sent from [[Karbala]] to [[Kufa]]. However, it was sent after [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] was martyred. | [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] sent Qays from Hajiz station to Kufa with his reply to the letter of Muslim b. 'Aqil. According to some other accounts, the letter was sent from [[Karbala]] to [[Kufa]]. However, it was sent after [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] was martyred. | ||
===Captivation=== | ===Captivation=== | ||
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Ibn Ziyad asked: who was the letter from and to whom was it written? | Ibn Ziyad asked: who was the letter from and to whom was it written? | ||
Qays answered: from Imam Husayn (a) to a group of people in Kufa whose names I do not know. | Qays answered: from Imam al-Husayn (a) to a group of people in Kufa whose names I do not know. | ||
Ibn Ziyad angrily said: I swear to God that you should either tell me their names or go on [[Minbar]] (pulpit), cursing [[Husayn b. 'Ali]] and his father and brother; otherwise I will tear you to pieces. | Ibn Ziyad angrily said: I swear to God that you should either tell me their names or go on [[Minbar]] (pulpit), cursing [[Husayn b. 'Ali]] and his father and brother; otherwise I will tear you to pieces. | ||
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Qays said: I will not tell you their names, but I will curse. | Qays said: I will not tell you their names, but I will curse. | ||
==Speaking the message of Imam Husayn== | ==Speaking the message of Imam al-Husayn== | ||
By Ibn Ziyad's command, Qays went on Minbar in order to curse [['Ali (a)]] and his two sons as they , [[Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] and Husayn b. 'Ali (a). When he went on Minbar, he first praised and thanked God. He then expressed his regards to the [[Prophet (s)]] and to 'Ali and his sons, [[Hasan]] and [[Husayn]] (a). And then he cursed 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and [[Ziyad b. Abih|his father]] and the cruel rulers of [[Banu Umayya]], saying to people that: "I am Husayn's messenger to you; I last met him in such and such a place; please join him". | By Ibn Ziyad's command, Qays went on Minbar in order to curse [['Ali (a)]] and his two sons as they , [[Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] and Husayn b. 'Ali (a). When he went on Minbar, he first praised and thanked God. He then expressed his regards to the [[Prophet (s)]] and to 'Ali and his sons, [[Hasan]] and [[Husayn]] (a). And then he cursed 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and [[Ziyad b. Abih|his father]] and the cruel rulers of [[Banu Umayya]], saying to people that: "I am Husayn's messenger to you; I last met him in such and such a place; please join him". | ||
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===Date of Martyrdom=== | ===Date of Martyrdom=== | ||
It is not known exactly when Qays was martyred. According to some accounts, [[Imam Husayn (a)]] was informed about his martyrdom in [['Udhayb al-Hijanat]]; thus he was martyred before Imam Husayn (a) arrived in [[Karbala]]. | It is not known exactly when Qays was martyred. According to some accounts, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was informed about his martyrdom in [['Udhayb al-Hijanat]]; thus he was martyred before Imam al-Husayn (a) arrived in [[Karbala]]. | ||
However, according to an account according to which he was carrying Imam Husayn (a)'s letter from Karbala to [[Kufa]], he must have been martyred sometime between the second and the tenth of Muharram 61/October 5 to October 13, 680. | However, according to an account according to which he was carrying Imam al-Husayn (a)'s letter from Karbala to [[Kufa]], he must have been martyred sometime between the second and the tenth of Muharram 61/October 5 to October 13, 680. | ||
What is certain, however, is that Qays departed to Kufa after the martyrdom of [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]. Therefore, his martyrdom is definitely after the [[Day of 'Arafa]]. | What is certain, however, is that Qays departed to Kufa after the martyrdom of [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]. Therefore, his martyrdom is definitely after the [[Day of 'Arafa]]. | ||
===Imam Husayn (a)'s Reaction=== | ===Imam al-Husayn (a)'s Reaction=== | ||
When [[Tirimmah b. 'Adi]] gave the news about Qays's martyrdom to Imam Husayn (a), he shed tears, and recited the [[Quranic verse]]: | When [[Tirimmah b. 'Adi]] gave the news about Qays's martyrdom to Imam al-Husayn (a), he shed tears, and recited the [[Quranic verse]]: | ||
{{centered pull quote | {{centered pull quote | ||
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He then said: "O' God! Please bless them and us in the Heaven and place them and us in your mercy and provide us with your hidden awards!" | He then said: "O' God! Please bless them and us in the Heaven and place them and us in your mercy and provide us with your hidden awards!" | ||
According to some other sources, it was Majma' b. 'Abd Allah al-'A'idi who gave the news of Qays's martyrdom to Imam Husayn (a). | According to some other sources, it was Majma' b. 'Abd Allah al-'A'idi who gave the news of Qays's martyrdom to Imam al-Husayn (a). | ||
==In Ziyarah al-Nahiyya al-Muqaddasa== | ==In Ziyarah al-Nahiyya al-Muqaddasa== | ||
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===Differences=== | ===Differences=== | ||
[[Imam Husayn (a)]] first sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar with a letter to Kufa; he went to Kufa from a certain path. He then gave another letter to Qays b. Mushir, but he went to Kufa from a different path. However, they both were captivated by forces of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and were martyred. But they were martyred in similar ways. | [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] first sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar with a letter to Kufa; he went to Kufa from a certain path. He then gave another letter to Qays b. Mushir, but he went to Kufa from a different path. However, they both were captivated by forces of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and were martyred. But they were martyred in similar ways. | ||
Imam Husayn (a) sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar from [[Hajiz]] to Kufa and learned about his martyrdom in a place called [[Zabala]]. But he sent Qays b. Mushir from a place called [[Bayda]] to Kufa, and learned about his martyrdom in a place called [['Udhayb al-Hijanat]]. | Imam al-Husayn (a) sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar from [[Hajiz]] to Kufa and learned about his martyrdom in a place called [[Zabala]]. But he sent Qays b. Mushir from a place called [[Bayda]] to Kufa, and learned about his martyrdom in a place called [['Udhayb al-Hijanat]]. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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[[ur:قیس بن مسہر صیداوی]] | [[ur:قیس بن مسہر صیداوی]] | ||
[[Category:Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] | [[Category:Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] | ||
[[Category:Tabiʿun]] | [[Category:Tabiʿun]] | ||