Qays b. Mushir al-Saydawi: Difference between revisions

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'''Qays b. Mushir al-Ṣaydāwī al-Asadī''' (Arabic:{{ia| قَیس بن مُسْهِر الصَّیداوي الاَسدي}}) was the envoy of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] who carried messages between the Imam (a), people of [[Kufa]] and [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]]. He was taken captive by the army of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] in [[Qadisiyya]] and was martyred a few days before the [[Battle of 'Ashura]]. His name is mentioned in [[Ziyarah al-Nahiyya al-Muqaddasa]].

His full names is Qays b.Mushir (some times misspelled as Musahhar) b. Khulayd b. Jundab b. Minqidh b. Jisr b. Nakara b. Sayda'. Qyas's tribe was known as the tribe of Banu Sayda', that counted as a clan of [[Banu Asad]]. This is why Qays was considered as a Banu Asad martyr in some sources. Since one of his ancestors is Nakara, he has also been called Qays b. Mushir al-Nakari.

Qays's main role in the [[Battle of Karbala]] was as an envoy. Here are the letters he carried in this event:

A number of letters from people of Kufa were carried to Imam al-Husayn (a) on the [[Ramadan 10]], [[60]]/[[June 17]], 680 by [['Abd Allah b. Sabu' al-Hamdani]] and [['Abd Allah b. Wal al-Taymi]]. A couple of days later, Qays b. Mushir, [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah al-Arhabi]], and [['Umara b. 'Ubayd al-Saluli]] carried 150 more letters from people of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a).

After he rested for three days, by the command of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and in order to accompany [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] from Mecca to Kufa, Qays left Mecca on [[Ramadan 15]], [[60]]/[[June 22]], 680. They first went to [[Medina]] in order for Muslim b. 'Aqil to bid farewell to his friends and relatives. On this trip they were accompanied by two guides who died on the way because of serious thirst and dehydration.

On his way in this trip in a place called evil canyon, Muslim b. 'Aqil wrote a letter to Imam al-Husayn (a). Qays carried the letter to Imam (a) and returned his reply to Muslim b. 'Aqil. Then Qays continued to accompany Muslim b. 'Aqil, and they were joined by people such as 'Umara b. 'Ubayd al-Saluli and 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah b. Kadan al-Arhabi. According to some accounts, Qays accompanied Muslim b. 'Aqil throughout his way from Mecca to Kufa, entering [[al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s house with Muslim b. 'Aqil.

Qays went from Kufa to his tribe, [[Banu Asad]], and informed them that Muslim b. 'Aqil went to Kufa. [[Habib b. Muzahir]], who was a member of the tribe, went to al-Mukhtar's house in order to meet Muslim b. 'Aqil.

When people of Kufa pledged their allegiance to Muslim b. 'Aqil, he wrote a letter to Imam al-Husayn (a) and informed him about the allegiance. The letter was carried to Imam (a) by [['Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri]] and Qays. According to some sources, [[Shawdhab]] also accompanied them in carrying the letter.

Ibn Ziyad angrily said: I swear to God that you should either tell me their names or go on [[minbar]] (pulpit), cursing [[al-Husayn b. 'Ali]] and his father and brother; otherwise I will tear you to pieces.

By Ibn Ziyad's command, Qays went on minbar in order to curse [['Ali (a)]] and his two sons as they, [[al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] and al-Husayn b. 'Ali (a). When he went on minbar, he first praised and thanked God. He then expressed his regards to the [[Prophet (s)]] and to 'Ali and his sons, al-Hasan and Husayn (a). And then he cursed 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and [[Ziyad b. Abih|his father]] and the cruel rulers of [[Banu Umayya]], saying to people that: "I am al-Husayn's messenger to you; I last met him in such and such a place; please join him".

However, according to an account according to which he was carrying Imam al-Husayn (a)'s letter from Karbala to [[Kufa]], he must have been martyred sometime between the [[Muharram 2|second]] and the [['Ashura|tenth of Muharram]], [[61]]/[[October 5]] to [[October 13]], 680.

When [[Tirimmah b. 'Adi]] gave the news about Qays's martyrdom to Imam al-Husayn (a), he shed tears, and recited the Quranic verse:

|source=33:23}}{{enote|{{ia|...فَمِنْهُم مَّن قَضَىٰ نَحْبَهُ وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَنتَظِرُ ۖ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِيلًا}}}}

According to some other sources, it was [[Majma' b. 'Abd Allah al-'A'idi]] who gave the news of Qays's martyrdom to Imam al-Husayn (a).

Imam al-Husayn (a) sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar from [[Hajiz]] to Kufa and learned about his martyrdom in a place called [[Zubala]]. But he sent Qays b. Mushir from a place called [[Bayda]] to Kufa, and learned about his martyrdom in a place called [['Udhayb al-Hijanat]].

 

* [[Battle of Karbala]]

==References==

* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C {{ia|قیس بن مسهر}}] in Farsi Wikishia.