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Battle of Siffin: Difference between revisions
→Arbitration
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By the cunning of [['Amr b. al-'As]], the army of [[Syria]] put volumes of the [[Qur'an]] on their spears as the symbol of making the Qur'an the arbiter between the fighting parties. This led to a division within the army of [[Imam Ali (a)]], with some people saying that since the enemy has accepted the Qur'an as the arbiter, we can no longer fight with them. Imam Ali (a) resisted the pressures, announcing that this was but a deception, but eventually he had to accept the arbitration of the Qur'an by writing a letter to [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] saying that he knows that Mu'awiya does not believe in the Qur'an, but he accepts the arbitration of the Qur'an anyway. | By the cunning of [['Amr b. al-'As]], the army of [[Syria]] put volumes of the [[Qur'an]] on their spears as the symbol of making the Qur'an the arbiter between the fighting parties. This led to a division within the army of [[Imam Ali (a)]], with some people saying that since the enemy has accepted the Qur'an as the arbiter, we can no longer fight with them. Imam Ali (a) resisted the pressures, announcing that this was but a deception, but eventually he had to accept the arbitration of the Qur'an by writing a letter to [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] saying that he knows that Mu'awiya does not believe in the Qur'an, but he accepts the arbitration of the Qur'an anyway. | ||
This happened when the army of Mu'awiya was about to be defeated because of the attacks made by [[Malik al-Ashtar]]. Mu'awiya asked 'Amr b. 'As for advice. By the suggestion of 'Amr b. 'As and the order of Mu'awiya, people of Syria put volumes of the Qur'an on their spears, shouting: "O' people of [[Iraq]]! Let [[God]] be the arbiter between us". According to some accounts, they also shouted: "O' Arab people! Think about your women and daughters. If you die, who is going to fight the Romans, Turks and the Persians?" They thereby asked for ending the war. Imam Ali (a) ordered his army to continue the war, but most people in his army wanted to accept the arbitration. Thus Imam Ali (a) had to accept the arbitration. | This happened when the army of Mu'awiya was about to be defeated because of the attacks made by [[Malik al-Ashtar]]. Mu'awiya asked 'Amr b. al-'As for advice. By the suggestion of 'Amr b. al-'As and the order of Mu'awiya, people of Syria put volumes of the Qur'an on their spears, shouting: "O' people of [[Iraq]]! Let [[God]] be the arbiter between us". According to some accounts, they also shouted: "O' Arab people! Think about your women and daughters. If you die, who is going to fight the Romans, Turks and the Persians?" They thereby asked for ending the war. Imam Ali (a) ordered his army to continue the war, but most people in his army wanted to accept the arbitration. Thus Imam Ali (a) had to accept the arbitration. | ||
Imam Ali (a) proposed [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]] or Malik al-Ashtar as his arbiter, and proposed [[Ahnaf b. Qays]] as a second or third arbiter, but some people did not accept his suggestions, and imposed [[Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] to Imam Ali (a) as an arbiter. And people of Syria elected [['Amr b. 'As]] as their representative for arbitration. | Imam Ali (a) proposed [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]] or Malik al-Ashtar as his arbiter, and proposed [[Ahnaf b. Qays]] as a second or third arbiter, but some people did not accept his suggestions, and imposed [[Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]] to Imam Ali (a) as an arbiter. And people of Syria elected [['Amr b. al-'As]] as their representative for arbitration. | ||
The two arbiters decided that 'Amr b. 'As announces the removal of Mu'awiya from power, and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari announces the removal of [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] from power, leaving the election of the [[Caliph]] to a council. 'Amr b. 'As asked Abu Musa to announce the result of the arbitration ahead of him. Thus Abu Musa al-Ash'ari announced the removal of Imam Ali (a) from power, but when it came to 'Amr b. 'As, instead of announcing the removal of Mu'awiya from power, he confirmed the dismissal of Imam Ali (a) by Abu Musa, and appointed Mu'awiya as the Caliph. After this, there was a quarrel between these two arbiters and they cursed each other. | The two arbiters decided that 'Amr b. al-'As announces the removal of Mu'awiya from power, and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari announces the removal of [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] from power, leaving the election of the [[Caliph]] to a council. 'Amr b. al-'As asked Abu Musa to announce the result of the arbitration ahead of him. Thus Abu Musa al-Ash'ari announced the removal of Imam Ali (a) from power, but when it came to 'Amr b. al-'As, instead of announcing the removal of Mu'awiya from power, he confirmed the dismissal of Imam Ali (a) by Abu Musa, and appointed Mu'awiya as the Caliph. After this, there was a quarrel between these two arbiters and they cursed each other. | ||
==The result of the war== | ==The result of the war== | ||