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Abu Ayyub al-Ansari: Difference between revisions
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'''Khālid b. Zayd b. Kulayb b. al-Najjār''' (Arabic:{{ia|خالد بن زید بن کُلَیب بن النجّار}}) known as '''Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبو أيوب الأنصاري}}) (d. [[52]]/672) was among the [[companions]] of the [[Prophet (s)]] and [[Imam Ali (a)]]. He participated in the [[Pledge of al-'Aqaba|Second Pledge of al-'Aqaba]] and the Prophet (s) lived in his house after he (s) immigrated to [[Medina]]. Abu Ayyub participated in the battles of the time of the Prophet (s) and Imam Ali (a). After death of [['Uthman]], Abu Ayyub was among the first people who gave allegiance to Imam Ali (a). [[Sunni]] scholars regard him as | '''Khālid b. Zayd b. Kulayb b. al-Najjār''' (Arabic:{{ia|خالد بن زید بن کُلَیب بن النجّار}}) known as '''Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبو أيوب الأنصاري}}) (d. [[52]]/672) was among the [[companions]] of the [[Prophet (s)]] and [[Imam Ali (a)]]. He participated in the [[Pledge of al-'Aqaba|Second Pledge of al-'Aqaba]] and the Prophet (s) lived in his house after he (s) immigrated to [[Medina]]. Abu Ayyub participated in the battles of the time of the Prophet (s) and Imam Ali (a). After death of [['Uthman]], Abu Ayyub was among the first people who gave allegiance to Imam Ali (a). [[Sunni]] scholars regard him as reliable, but [[Shi'a]] scholars have sufficed to praising him. | ||
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Abu Ayyub was among the 70 people who gave allegiance to the [[Prophet (s)]] that they would not abandon his support. [[Nasr b. Muzahim]] considered Abu Ayyub among the elders of [[Ansar]] (Helpers) and the [[Shia]] of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. | Abu Ayyub was among the 70 people who gave allegiance to the [[Prophet (s)]] that they would not abandon his support. [[Nasr b. Muzahim]] considered Abu Ayyub among the elders of [[Ansar]] (Helpers) and the [[Shia]] of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. | ||
The number of [[hadiths]] attributed to Abu Ayyub reaches 150, but [[al-Bukhari]] and [[Muslim b. al-Hajjaj|Muslim]] have only approved of seven hadiths from him. | |||
=== Host of the Prophet (s) === | === Host of the Prophet (s) === | ||
What made Abu Ayyub grand in the eyes of Muslims, was going of the Prophet (s) to his house upon his arrival to [[Medina]], regardless of others' insistence. Thus, historians have mentioned his name as the host of the Prophet (s). According to al-Baladhuri, the Prophet (s) resided in his house for | What made Abu Ayyub grand in the eyes of Muslims, was going of the Prophet (s) to his house upon his arrival to [[Medina]], regardless of others' insistence. Thus, historians have mentioned his name as the host of the Prophet (s). According to [[al-Baladhuri]], the Prophet (s) resided in his house for seven months, until [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and the Prophet's (s) own house were built up. Al-Mas'udi has reported this period one month. | ||
=== Defender of the Succession of Ali (a) === | === Defender of the Succession of Ali (a) === | ||
After the demise of the | After the demise of the Holy Prophet (s), Abu Ayyub and 11 other [[companions]], defended the succession of [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]]. Therefore, Ibn Athir regarded him among the close companions of Imam Ali (a). | ||
=== In the Group of the Compilers of the Qur'an === | === In the Group of the Compilers of the Qur'an === | ||
[[Al-Bukhari]] considered him among the five from [[Ansar]] who tried to compile the [[Qur'an]] at the time of the | [[Al-Bukhari]] considered him among the five from [[Ansar]] who tried to compile the [[Qur'an]] at the time of the Holy Prophet (s). | ||
=== Participating in Ghazawat (Battles of the Prophet (s)) === | === Participating in Ghazawat (Battles of the Prophet (s)) === | ||
Abu Ayyub participated in all the [[ghazwa|battles]] of the Prophet (s) and historians have considered him among the participants of [[battle of Badr|Badr]], [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]] and [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]] battles. Only once because the commander of Muslims' army was a young man, he refrained to participate in the battle and was always | Abu Ayyub participated in all the [[ghazwa|battles]] of the Prophet (s) and historians have considered him among the participants of [[battle of Badr|Badr]], [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]] and [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]] battles. Only once because the commander of Muslims' army was a young man, he refrained to participate in the battle and was always remorseful about it. | ||
Through historical texts, his obedience, loyalty and his great reverence for the Prophet (s) is manifested. According to Ibn Hisham, he was pioneer in expelling the hypocrites who mocked Muslims in [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and some of them were his own relatives. According to some haidths, a verse of the [[Qur'an]] in the event of [[Verse of Ifk|Ifk]] praises Abu Ayyub and his wife. | Through historical texts, his obedience, loyalty and his great reverence for the Prophet (s) is manifested. According to Ibn Hisham, he was pioneer in expelling the hypocrites who mocked Muslims in [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and some of them were his own relatives. According to some haidths, a verse of the [[Qur'an]] in the event of [[Verse of Ifk|Ifk]] praises Abu Ayyub and his wife. | ||
=== Participating in the Siege of the House of 'Uthman === | === Participating in the Siege of the House of 'Uthman === | ||
Upon the siege of the house of [['Uthman]] by the dissidents, Muslims performed the prayer in the mosque of Medina led by Abu Ayyub and he was among the witnesses in front of whom 'Uthman promised that he would thereafter act according to the [[Book | Upon the siege of the house of [['Uthman]] by the dissidents, Muslims performed the prayer in the mosque of Medina led by Abu Ayyub and he was among the witnesses in front of whom 'Uthman promised that he would thereafter act according to the [[Qur'an|Book of God]] and the conduct of the [[Prophet (s)]]. | ||
=== Participating in the Battles at the Time of Imam Ali (a) === | === Participating in the Battles at the Time of Imam Ali (a) === | ||
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Since then until 857/1453 when Ottoman Turks took Constantinople, his grave was unknown. At that time, his grave was identified mysteriously by Aq Shams al-Din Shaykh al-Islam. In 863/1458-59, the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II built the [[Ayyub Sultan Mosque]] and a shrine upon his grave. Afterwards, many Ottoman elders were buried beside him and as a formal tradition, Ottoman kings visited his grave upon sitting on the throne and in a special ceremony tied their forefather's sword on their waist which was known as the Ottoman Sword. | Since then until 857/1453 when Ottoman Turks took Constantinople, his grave was unknown. At that time, his grave was identified mysteriously by Aq Shams al-Din Shaykh al-Islam. In 863/1458-59, the Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II built the [[Ayyub Sultan Mosque]] and a shrine upon his grave. Afterwards, many Ottoman elders were buried beside him and as a formal tradition, Ottoman kings visited his grave upon sitting on the throne and in a special ceremony tied their forefather's sword on their waist which was known as the Ottoman Sword. | ||
Also, the house of Abu Ayyub in [[Medina]] was always respected by Muslims, so that a school for the four schools was built there which was known as Shihabiyya and there, the place where the camel of the [[Prophet (s)]] sat was marked as Mabruka and was | Also, the house of Abu Ayyub in [[Medina]] was always respected by Muslims, so that a school for the four schools was built there which was known as Shihabiyya and there, the place where the camel of the [[Prophet (s)]] sat was marked as Mabruka and was visitied by people to receive blessings. | ||
== Narrators from Abu Ayyub == | == Narrators from Abu Ayyub == | ||
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Some of the Followers ([[Tabi'un]]) such as [[Sa'id b. Musayyib]] and 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr and 'Abd Allah b. Hunayn have heard hadiths from him and quoted them. Ibn Sa'd and al-Mizzi have also mentioned a list of those who have narrated from him. | Some of the Followers ([[Tabi'un]]) such as [[Sa'id b. Musayyib]] and 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr and 'Abd Allah b. Hunayn have heard hadiths from him and quoted them. Ibn Sa'd and al-Mizzi have also mentioned a list of those who have narrated from him. | ||
== Deeming him | == Deeming him Reliable or Praising him == | ||
Abu Ayyub have been praised by all [[Sunni]] scholars of [['ilm al-Rijal|rijal]] and some have also regarded him | Abu Ayyub have been praised by all [[Sunni]] scholars of [['ilm al-Rijal|rijal]] and some have also regarded him reliable, but [[Shia]] scholars have only praised him and have avoided expressly regarding him reliable; even [[Ibn Dawud al-Hilli]] have mentioned him among Muhmilin [In rijali books it is reffered to a group of hadith transmitters who are praised or nothing has been mentioned about them]. | ||
Shia scholars of rijal have different opinions regarding justification of his participation in the battle with polytheists under the command of [[Mu'awiya]] and [[Yazid]] regardless of his firm advocacy of the right of [[Imam Ali (a)]]'s caliphate. [[Fadl b. Shadhan]] considered this act of him negligence and mistake in judgment and added that even though he was not happy with his contemporary caliph | Shia scholars of rijal have different opinions regarding justification of his participation in the battle with polytheists under the command of [[Mu'awiya]] and [[Yazid]] regardless of his firm advocacy of the right of [[Imam Ali (a)]]'s caliphate. [[Fadl b. Shadhan]] considered this act of him negligence and mistake in judgment and added that even though he was not happy with his contemporary caliph, he participated in the wars having the intention of advancing and supporting Islam and the proof for this claim is that there were disputes between him and Mu'awiya; however, rejecting this opinion, [[Ayatollah al-Khoei]] deemed it possible that he acted so with respect to a permission from [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]. | ||
Abu Ayyub was also considered a powerful poet. It is possible that calling him poet was because of the poems he composed in the [[Battle of Siffin]] and also later in replying to the letter of Mu'awiya. | Abu Ayyub was also considered a powerful poet. It is possible that calling him poet was because of the poems he composed in the [[Battle of Siffin]] and also later in replying to the letter of Mu'awiya. | ||