Battle of Harra: Difference between revisions

Battle of Harra (view source)

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 ===Army's Treatment with People of Medina===
-Upon the order of Yazid, [[Muslim b. 'Uqba]] announced that his army is at liberty to do anything to people's lives and property for three days. According to [[Ibn Kathir]]<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 4, part 8, p. 220.</ref> and [[al-Suyuti]]<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 179; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 4, part 2, p. 37; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 484.</ref>, the plunders and crimes of the army in these three days led to a horrific catastrophe. And according to [[al-Mas'udi]]<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 306.</ref>, it was the most hideous event after the [[martyrdom]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. In these three days, the army of Muslim b. 'Uqba committed abhorrent crimes such as rapes, taking fetuses out of pregnant women's wombs, killing infants,<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 184; Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 6, p. 15; Muqaddisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 14.</ref> offending the outstanding [[companions of the Prophet (s)]], such as [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] who was blind and [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]].<ref>Suhaylī, ''al-Rawḍ al-anf'', vol. 6, p. 253-254.</ref>
+Upon the order of Yazid, [[Muslim b. 'Uqba]] announced that his army is at liberty to do anything to people's lives and property for three days. According to [[Ibn Kathir]]<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 4, part 8, p. 220.</ref> and [[al-Suyuti]]<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 179; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 4, part 2, p. 37; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 484.</ref>, the plunders and crimes of the army in these three days led to a horrific catastrophe. And according to [[al-Mas'udi]]<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 306.</ref>, it was the most hideous event after the [[martyrdom]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. In these three days, the army of Muslim b. 'Uqba committed abhorrent crimes such as rapes, taking fetuses out of pregnant women's wombs, killing infants,<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 184; Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 6, p. 15; Maqdisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 14.</ref> offending the outstanding [[companions of the Prophet (s)]], such as [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] who was blind and [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]].<ref>Suhaylī, ''al-Rawḍ al-anf'', vol. 6, p. 253-254.</ref>
-According to some sources, over 4000<ref>Muqaddisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 14.</ref> or 10,700 or 11,700 people were killed in the Event of Harra.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 184-185; Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 305; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 1, p. 126; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 4, part 2, p. 42.</ref> Of these, 700 people were memorizers of the [[Qur'an]]<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', (Year 61-80 AH), p. 30; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 1, p. 126.</ref> and 80 people were the companions of the [[Prophet (s)]] such that none of the companions who fought in the [[Battle of Badr]]—who were called "[[Badriyyun|People of Badr]]" (Ahl al-Badr)—stayed alive.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref> [['Abd Allah b. Hanzala]] and his sons were also killed.<ref>Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ, ''Tārīkh-i Khalīfa'', part 1, p. 291; Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 181-182.</ref>
+According to some sources, over 4000<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 14.</ref> or 10,700 or 11,700 people were killed in the Event of Harra.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 184-185; Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf'', p. 305; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 1, p. 126; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 4, part 2, p. 42.</ref> Of these, 700 people were memorizers of the [[Qur'an]]<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', (Year 61-80 AH), p. 30; Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 1, p. 126.</ref> and 80 people were the companions of the [[Prophet (s)]] such that none of the companions who fought in the [[Battle of Badr]]—who were called "[[Badriyyun|People of Badr]]" (Ahl al-Badr)—stayed alive.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref> [['Abd Allah b. Hanzala]] and his sons were also killed.<ref>Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ, ''Tārīkh-i Khalīfa'', part 1, p. 291; Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 181-182.</ref>
 ===Forcing People to Pledge Their Allegiance===
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 * Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿadin al-jawhar''. Edited by Charles Pellat. Beirut: 1965-1979.
 * Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā l-ʿibād''. Qom: 1413 AH.
-* Muqaddisī, Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir. ''Al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh''. Edited by Clément Huart. Paris: 1899-1919.
+* Maqdisī, Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir. ''Al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh''. Edited by Clément Huart. Paris: 1899-1919.
 * Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
 * Suhaylī, ʾAbd al-Raḥmān. ''Al-Rawḍ al-anf fī tafsīr al-sīra al-nabawīyya li ibn Hushām''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Walkīl. Cairo: 1387-1390 AH.