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Uprising of Fakhkh: Difference between revisions
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'''Event of Fakh''' (Arabic: | '''Event of Fakh''' (Arabic: وقعة الفخّ) or the '''uprising of the Fakh's martyr''' (Arabic: قیام شهید الفخّ) was an uprising by the [['Alawis]] against the [[Abbasids]] that occurred in [[Dhu l-Qa'da]], 169 A.H. (May, 786) under the leadership of Husayn b. 'Ali, a progeny of [[Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]] in [[Medina]], leading to his and his companions' martyrdom in an area called "fakh" near [[Mecca]]. According to some [[hadiths]], [[Imam Kazim (a)]] refused to take part in the uprising, prognosticating its fate. According to a hadith from [[Imam Jawad (a)]]: after [[event of Taff]], there was no crime worse than the event of Fakh. | ||
==The lineage of the Fakh martyr== | ==The lineage of the Fakh martyr== | ||
[[Husayn b. 'Ali b. Hasan b. Hasan. Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] was known as "sahib al-Fakh" (the companion of Fakh). His father, [['Ali b. Hasan]] was a pious person known as "'Ali al-khayr" ('Ali, the good) and "'Ali al-aghar" ('Ali, the nice). And his mother, Zaynab, was the daughter of 'Abdulah b. Hasan b. Hasan b. 'Ali, who was known as "[['Abdullah al-Mahd]]" (the pure 'Abdullah); she was a sister of [[Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] and [[Ibrahim b. 'Abdullah]], known as "Qatil Bakhamra" (killed in Bakhamra). This couple was known as righteous because of their piety. | [[Husayn b. 'Ali b. Hasan b. Hasan. Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] was known as "sahib al-Fakh" (the companion of Fakh). His father, [['Ali b. Hasan]] was a pious person known as "'Ali al-khayr" ('Ali, the good) and "'Ali al-aghar" ('Ali, the nice). And his mother, Zaynab, was the daughter of 'Abdulah b. Hasan b. Hasan b. 'Ali, who was known as "[['Abdullah al-Mahd]]" (the pure 'Abdullah); she was a sister of [[Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] and [[Ibrahim b. 'Abdullah]], known as "Qatil Bakhamra" (killed in Bakhamra). This couple was known as righteous because of their piety. | ||
After the [[Uprising of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]], 'Ali b. Hasan and some other [['Alawis]] were arrested at the command of [[al-Mansur al-'Abbasi]], and soon after that he died in the prison. | After the [[Uprising of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]], 'Ali b. Hasan and some other [['Alawis]] were arrested at the command of [[al-Mansur al-'Abbasi]], and soon after that he died in the prison. | ||
==The present location of Fakh== | ==The present location of Fakh== | ||
Fakh is now located at the northern entrance of [[Mecca]], four kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]]. The road to this area crosses from the intersection of Tariq al-Madina al-Munawwara (The Glorious Medina Road, known as Tan'im) and Shari' al-Shuhada (Shuhada Street). | Fakh is now located at the northern entrance of [[Mecca]], four kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]]. The road to this area crosses from the intersection of Tariq al-Madina al-Munawwara (The Glorious Medina Road, known as Tan'im) and Shari' al-Shuhada (Shuhada Street). | ||
The mausoleums of the Fakh martyrs are located in an enclosed area in the skirts of the Fakh Mountain, near a flat area known as "Dhi Tuwa" in which [[Quraysh]] convened about [[Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty]]. Some martyrs of Fakh are buried in the enclosed area on which there is a sign reading "Maqbara [['Abdullah b. 'Umar]], Raqam 2" (the mausoleum of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar, number 2), and others are buried in the opposite enclosed area in the skirts of the mountain. | The mausoleums of the Fakh martyrs are located in an enclosed area in the skirts of the Fakh Mountain, near a flat area known as "Dhi Tuwa" in which [[Quraysh]] convened about [[Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty]]. Some martyrs of Fakh are buried in the enclosed area on which there is a sign reading "Maqbara [['Abdullah b. 'Umar]], Raqam 2" (the mausoleum of 'Abdullah b. 'Umar, number 2), and others are buried in the opposite enclosed area in the skirts of the mountain. | ||
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===The discriminatory whipping of one 'Alawi=== | ===The discriminatory whipping of one 'Alawi=== | ||
Three people, including one 'Alawi and a person from the progeny of [['Umar b. Khattab]], were arrested with the charge of having drunk wine. Though the charge was not proved, the ruler ordered that the 'Alawi be whipped 80 times, and the person who was affiliated to the household of 'Umar b. Khattab be whipped only 7 times. He then ordered that they be taken around the city with naked bodies. This was followed by a serious objection from Husayn b. 'Ali (the martyr of Fakh). | Three people, including one 'Alawi and a person from the progeny of [['Umar b. Khattab]], were arrested with the charge of having drunk wine. Though the charge was not proved, the ruler ordered that the 'Alawi be whipped 80 times, and the person who was affiliated to the household of 'Umar b. Khattab be whipped only 7 times. He then ordered that they be taken around the city with naked bodies. This was followed by a serious objection from Husayn b. 'Ali (the martyr of Fakh). | ||
===The absence of an 'Alawi=== | ===The absence of an 'Alawi=== | ||
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According to a [[hadith]], when Husayn b. 'Ali was in control of [[Medina]], he asked [[Imam Kazim (a)]] to pledge his allegiance to him. Imam Kazim (a) told him: "Do not force me to what your cousin ([[Zayd b. 'Ali]]) forced your uncle ([[Imam Sadiq (a)]]) so that I have to treat you the way I do not want to, as Abu 'Abdullah (Imam Sadiq (a)) had to treat Zayd the way he did not want to." | According to a [[hadith]], when Husayn b. 'Ali was in control of [[Medina]], he asked [[Imam Kazim (a)]] to pledge his allegiance to him. Imam Kazim (a) told him: "Do not force me to what your cousin ([[Zayd b. 'Ali]]) forced your uncle ([[Imam Sadiq (a)]]) so that I have to treat you the way I do not want to, as Abu 'Abdullah (Imam Sadiq (a)) had to treat Zayd the way he did not want to." | ||
Husayn replied: "I just suggested that you pledge your allegiance to me; but if you do not like it, I will not force you to do it." | Husayn replied: "I just suggested that you pledge your allegiance to me; but if you do not like it, I will not force you to do it." | ||
When they were saying goodbye, Imam Kazim (a) told him: "My cousin! You will be killed, so be serious in your affair. For people express their faith but they hide their polytheism. To Allah we belong and to Him is our return. I ask God to reward you for your (uprising)". | When they were saying goodbye, Imam Kazim (a) told him: "My cousin! You will be killed, so be serious in your affair. For people express their faith but they hide their polytheism. To Allah we belong and to Him is our return. I ask God to reward you for your (uprising)". | ||
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===The second view: the rejection of the uprising=== | ===The second view: the rejection of the uprising=== | ||
Some people claimed that since Imam Kazim (a) believed that the uprising was doomed to failure and he wanted to keep Shiism alive, since it was the heritage of his fathers, he found it irrational to attend the uprising or endorse it, and the mere fact that he prayed for Husayn and his companions is no evidence for his endorsement of their uprising. | Some people claimed that since Imam Kazim (a) believed that the uprising was doomed to failure and he wanted to keep Shiism alive, since it was the heritage of his fathers, he found it irrational to attend the uprising or endorse it, and the mere fact that he prayed for Husayn and his companions is no evidence for his endorsement of their uprising. | ||
Rasul Ja'fariyan maintains that though the Fakh uprising was one of the least problematic uprisings of the 'Alawis against the [[Abbasids]], we are not sure that it was ordered by Imam Kazim (a). Though there were good intentions behind these uprisings, for different political reasons they were fruitless. Imamiyya Shiites disagreed with the 'Alawis over these uprisings. | Rasul Ja'fariyan maintains that though the Fakh uprising was one of the least problematic uprisings of the 'Alawis against the [[Abbasids]], we are not sure that it was ordered by Imam Kazim (a). Though there were good intentions behind these uprisings, for different political reasons they were fruitless. Imamiyya Shiites disagreed with the 'Alawis over these uprisings. | ||