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Uprising of Fakhkh: Difference between revisions
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Al-Husayn b. 'Ali b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a) was known as "Sahib al-Fakhkh" (the companion of Fakhkh). His father, 'Ali b. al-Hasan was a pious person known as "'Ali al-Khayr" ('Ali, the good) and "'Ali al-aghar" ('Ali, the nice). And his mother, Zaynab, was the daughter of 'Abd Allah b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. 'Ali, who was known as "[['Abd Allah al-Mahd]]" (the pure 'Abd Allah); she was a sister of Muhammad [[al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] and [[Ibrahim b. 'Abd Allah]], known as "Qatil Bakhamra" (killed in Bakhamra). This couple was known as righteous because of their piety. | Al-Husayn b. 'Ali b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a) was known as "Sahib al-Fakhkh" (the companion of Fakhkh). His father, 'Ali b. al-Hasan was a pious person known as "'Ali al-Khayr" ('Ali, the good) and "'Ali al-aghar" ('Ali, the nice). And his mother, Zaynab, was the daughter of 'Abd Allah b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. 'Ali, who was known as "[['Abd Allah al-Mahd]]" (the pure 'Abd Allah); she was a sister of Muhammad [[al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] and [[Ibrahim b. 'Abd Allah]], known as "Qatil Bakhamra" (killed in Bakhamra). This couple was known as righteous because of their piety. | ||
After the [[Uprising of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]], 'Ali b. al-Hasan and some other [[' | After the [[Uprising of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]], 'Ali b. al-Hasan and some other [['Alids]] were arrested at the command of [[al-Mansur al-'Abbasi]], and soon after that he died in the prison. | ||
==Present location of Fakhkh== | ==Present location of Fakhkh== | ||
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==Backgrounds of the Uprising== | ==Backgrounds of the Uprising== | ||
When [[al-Hadi al-'Abbasi]] took over the [[caliphate]], he increased the pressure on the [['Aldis]]. He was insistent that the ' | When [[al-Hadi al-'Abbasi]] took over the [[caliphate]], he increased the pressure on the [['Aldis]]. He was insistent that the 'Alids should be chased and found; he frightened them, and cut wages that his father, [[al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi]], used to give them. He wrote to his rulers in every place that the 'Alids should be chased, arrested, and extradited to the central government. He also dismissed the ruler of [[Medina]] who treated the 'Alids in a rather good manner, and appointed a person from the progeny of [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz b. 'Abd Allah, who was known to be hostile to [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], as the ruler of Medina. | ||
===Daily Summons of the ' | ===Daily Summons of the 'Alids=== | ||
The new ruler of Medina ordered his men to bring the ' | The new ruler of Medina ordered his men to bring the 'Alids to his Dar al-Imara (the emirate building) on a daily basis, and pejoratively recall them (to check if all of them are present). Each 'Alid had to accept the bailment for the presence of one or more of his relatives (that is, they were responsible to find them in case they were absent). | ||
===The discriminatory whipping of one ' | ===The discriminatory whipping of one 'Alid=== | ||
Three people, including one ' | Three people, including one 'Alid and a person from the progeny of [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], were arrested with the charge of having drunk wine. Though the charge was not proved, the ruler ordered that the 'Alid be whipped 80 times, and the person who was affiliated to the household of 'Umar b. al-Khattab be whipped only seven times. He then ordered that they be taken around the city with naked bodies. This was followed by a serious objection from al-Husayn b. 'Ali (the [[Martyr of Fakhkh]]). | ||
===Absence of an ' | ===Absence of an 'Alid=== | ||
An ' | An 'Alid, called "al-Hasan b. Muhammad" (the son of [[al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]]), did not show up for the daily summons. The ruler reprimanded al-Husayn b. 'Ali and Yahya b. 'Abd Allah who were al-Hasan's bailsmen (or guarantors) and asked them to present him soon. After threatening remarks, the ruler took an oath that he will ruin the houses of the 'Alids and whip al-Husayn b. 'Ali one thousand times if he does not bring al-Hasan until the night. | ||
==Early Occurrence of the Uprising== | ==Early Occurrence of the Uprising== | ||
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==Event of Fakhkh in the History of Shiism== | ==Event of Fakhkh in the History of Shiism== | ||
The Event of Fakhkh was one of the most bitter events in the history of [[Shiism]] and ' | The Event of Fakhkh was one of the most bitter events in the history of [[Shiism]] and 'Alid uprisings. [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] referred to the event as the worst tragedy of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] after the [[Event of Karbala]], and the Prophet (s) and other [[Imams (a)]] had foretold the event. Also there are lamentations about the event. It is reported that [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] cried for the [[martyrs]] of Fakhkh, asking the death of their killers and their intense divine torments from [[God]]. He also sponsored orphans, kids, and widows of the 'Alids who were martyred in Fakhkh. There are [[hadiths]] from the [[Prophet (s)]] and earlier Imams (a) who foretold the event, such as the above hadith from the Prophet (s) and another one from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] according to which: the [[Gabriel]] told the [[Prophet (s)]] that in this desert (that is, Fakhkh) a man from your progeny will be murdered whose martyred companions will be rewarded by God. | ||
==Di'bil and the event of Fakhkh== | ==Di'bil and the event of Fakhkh== | ||
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Some people claimed that since Imam al-Kazim (a) believed that the uprising was doomed to failure and he wanted to keep [[Shiism]] alive, since it was the heritage of his fathers, he found it irrational to attend the uprising or endorse it, and the mere fact that he prayed for al-Husayn and his companions is no evidence for his endorsement of their uprising. | Some people claimed that since Imam al-Kazim (a) believed that the uprising was doomed to failure and he wanted to keep [[Shiism]] alive, since it was the heritage of his fathers, he found it irrational to attend the uprising or endorse it, and the mere fact that he prayed for al-Husayn and his companions is no evidence for his endorsement of their uprising. | ||
[[Rasul Ja'fariyan]] maintains that though the Fakhkh uprising was one of the least problematic uprisings of the ' | [[Rasul Ja'fariyan]] maintains that though the Fakhkh uprising was one of the least problematic uprisings of the 'Alids against the [[Abbasids]], we are not sure that it was ordered by [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. Though there were good intentions behind these uprisings, for different political reasons they were fruitless. [[Imamiyya]] Shiites disagreed with the 'Alids over these uprisings. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{references}} | |||
* The material of this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:قیام شهید فخ|قیام شهید فخ]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material of this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:قیام شهید فخ|قیام شهید فخ]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
{{end}} | |||
{{Zaydiyya}} | {{Zaydiyya}} | ||
{{Abbasid}} | {{Abbasid}} | ||