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Talha b. 'Ubayd Allah: Difference between revisions
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==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Abu Muhammad Talha b. 'Ubayd Allah b. 'Uthman b. 'Amr b. Ka'b b. Sa'd b. Taym b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib al-Qurashi al-Taymi was from the Banu Taym tribe and was born 10 years before the [[Prophet]]'s (s) [[bi'that]] (600-1). His mother Su'ba bt. Hadrami was alive in the period of the Prophet (s), and according to some relatives of Talha, she died a Muslim. | Abu Muhammad Talha b. 'Ubayd Allah b. 'Uthman b. 'Amr b. Ka'b b. Sa'd b. Taym b. Murra b. Ka'b b. Lu'ayy b. Ghalib al-Qurashi al-Taymi was from the Banu Taym tribe and was born 10 years before the [[Prophet]]'s (s) [[bi'that]] (600-1). His mother Su'ba bt. Hadrami was alive in the period of the Prophet (s), and according to some relatives of Talha, she died a Muslim.<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 10, p. 129.</ref> | ||
Historical sources mentioned 7 women and 2 concubines for him: | |||
# Humna bt. Jahsh (the Prophet (s)'s cousin who gave birth to Muhammad and 'Imran) | # Humna bt. Jahsh (the Prophet (s)'s cousin who gave birth to Muhammad and 'Imran) | ||
# Umm Kulthum bt. Abu Bakr (who gave birth to Ya'qub, Isma'il, Zakariyya, and Aisha) | # Umm Kulthum bt. Abu Bakr (who gave birth to Ya'qub, Isma'il, Zakariyya, and Aisha) | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
# Umm Aban bt. 'Utba b. Rabi'a (who gave birth to Ishaq) | # Umm Aban bt. 'Utba b. Rabi'a (who gave birth to Ishaq) | ||
# and a woman from Taghlibiyya (who gave birth to Salih) | # and a woman from Taghlibiyya (who gave birth to Salih) | ||
# Also two of his bind-women, Su'ba and Maryam, gave birth to children. | # Also two of his bind-women, Su'ba and Maryam, gave birth to children.<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 1, p. 88, 244; vol. 10, p. 117, 130; Ibn Saʿd, ‘’al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā’’, vol. 3, p. 160-161.</ref> | ||
==Conversion to Islam== | ==Conversion to Islam== | ||
Talha b. | Talha b. Ubayd Allah was persuaded by [[Abu Bakr]] to convert to Islam.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ‘’al-Sīra al-nabawīyya’’, vol. 1, p. 251-252; Ibn Athīr, ‘’Usd al-ghāba’’, vol. 2, p. 468.</ref> According to a different account, Talha was on his way to [[Syria]] when a monk gave him the news of the imminent emergence of a prophet called Ahmad, son of [[Abd al-Muttalib]]. When Talha returned to [[Mecca]], he and Abu Bakr converted to Islam.<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 10, p. 115; Ibn Kathīr, ‘’al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya’’, vol. 3, p. 29.</ref> | ||
Talha and Abu Bakr were usually tormented in the early days of Islam by Nawfal b. Khuwaylid b. 'Adawiyya or 'Uthman b. 'Ubayd Allah (Talha's brother). Nawfal (or 'Uthman) tied Abu Bakr and Talha to a tree in order to prevent them from saying their [[prayers]]. | Talha and Abu Bakr were usually tormented in the early days of Islam by Nawfal b. Khuwaylid b. 'Adawiyya or 'Uthman b. 'Ubayd Allah (Talha's brother). Nawfal (or 'Uthman) tied Abu Bakr and Talha to a tree in order to prevent them from saying their [[prayers]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ‘’al-Sīra al-nabawīyya’’, vol. 1, p. 282; Ibn Athīr, ‘’Usd al-ghāba’’, vol. 2, p. 468.</ref> | ||
Talha was among those [[Muhajirun]] who moved to [[Medina]] with their families before the migration of the [[Prophet (s)]]. He resided in the house of Habib b. Asaf from Banu Harath b. Khazraj. On one account, Talha brought two white clothes for the Prophet (s) and Abu Bakr from Syria, which they wore before they entered Medina. | Talha was among those [[Muhajirun]] who moved to [[Medina]] with their families before the migration of the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 1, p. 269; Maqrizī, ‘’Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ’’, vol. 1, p. 68-69.</ref> He resided in the house of Habib b. Asaf from Banu Harath b. Khazraj.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ‘’al-Sīra al-nabawīyya’’, vol. 1, p. 477.</ref> On one account, Talha brought two white clothes for the Prophet (s) and Abu Bakr from Syria, which they wore before they entered Medina.<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 10, p. 61.</ref> | ||
When they were in Mecca, the Prophet (s) made a [[Pact of brotherhood]] between Talha and [[al-Zubayr b. | When they were in Mecca, the Prophet (s) made a [[Pact of brotherhood]] between Talha and [[al-Zubayr b. Awwam]]<ref>Ibn Hishām, ‘’al-Sīra al-nabawīyya’’, vol. 2, p. 561.</ref> or [[Sa'id b. Zayd]]<ref>Baghdādī, al-Muḥabbar’’, p. 71.</ref> or [[Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas]],<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ‘’al-Maʿārif’’, p. 228.</ref> and when they migrated to Medina, the Prophet (s) made another pact of brotherhood between Talha and [[Ka'b b. Malik]]<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ‘’al-Istīʿāb’’, vol. 2, p. 764.</ref> or [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]]<ref>Ibn Athīr, ‘’Usd al-ghāba’’, vol. 2, p. 468.</ref> or [[Ubayy b. Ka'b]].<ref>Baghdādī, al-Muḥabbar’’, p. 73; Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 1, p. 271.</ref> | ||
Talha is one of the prominent narrators of [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s); the following well-known hadith is narrated by Talha: | Talha is one of the prominent narrators of [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s); the following well-known hadith is narrated by Talha: | ||
: I asked the Prophet how we should salute him. He replied: "say 'O' God, salute Muhammad and his household, as you saluted [[Ibrahim (a)]]; you are praised and exalted, and bless Muhammad and his household as you blessed the household of Ibrahim; you are praised and exalted'". | : I asked the Prophet how we should salute him. He replied: "say 'O' God, salute Muhammad and his household, as you saluted [[Ibrahim (a)]]; you are praised and exalted, and bless Muhammad and his household as you blessed the household of Ibrahim; you are praised and exalted'".<ref>Maqrizī, ‘’Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ’’, vol. 11, p. 33.</ref> | ||
People, such as his sons, Yahya, Musa and | People, such as his sons, Yahya, Musa and Isa, as well as Qays b. Abu Hazim, [[Ahnaf b. Qays]], Sa'ib b. Yazid, Abu 'Uthman al-Nahdi and [[Abu Salama b. Abd al-Rahman]], narrated hadiths from him.<ref>Dhahabī, ‘’Tārīkh al-Islām’’, vol. 3, p. 523.</ref> | ||
==Attendance in the Battles of the Prophet (s)== | ==Attendance in the Battles of the Prophet (s)== | ||
Talha was not in Medina when the [[Battle of Badr]] occurred, since the [[Prophet (s)]] had sent him and [[Sa'id b. Zayd]] to [[Syria]] in order to get some information, and when he returned from Syria, the Muslims had already returned from Badr. When Talha returned from his travel to Syria, he went to the Prophet (s) and asked him for his share of booties from the battle, and the Prophet (s) gave him a share. | Talha was not in Medina when the [[Battle of Badr]] occurred, since the [[Prophet (s)]] had sent him and [[Sa'id b. Zayd]] to [[Syria]] in order to get some information, and when he returned from Syria, the Muslims had already returned from Badr. When Talha returned from his travel to Syria, he went to the Prophet (s) and asked him for his share of booties from the battle, and the Prophet (s) gave him a share.<ref>Masʿūdī, ‘’al-Tanbīh wa l-ishrāf’’, p. 205; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ‘’al-Istīʿāb’’, vol. 2, p. 764-765.</ref> | ||
However, Talha did attend the [[Battle of Uhud]], and on some accounts, he exhibited his brevity. He was injured in the battle that led to the paralysis of some of his fingers. | However, Talha did attend the [[Battle of Uhud]], and on some accounts, he exhibited his brevity. He was injured in the battle that led to the paralysis of some of his fingers.<ref>Maqrizī, ‘’Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ’’, vol. 1, p. 156-157.</ref> | ||
After the defeat of Muslims near the end of the battle and the spread of rumors about the Prophet (s) being killed, Talha and some people from [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]], including [[ | After the defeat of Muslims near the end of the battle and the spread of rumors about the Prophet (s) being killed, Talha and some people from [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]], including [[Umar b. al-Khattab]], quit fighting.<ref>Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk’’, vol. 2, p. 517.</ref> However, there are other accounts on which Talha was among the few people who remained steadfast alongside the Prophet (s) after the attack of the [[Quraysh]] in the middle of the battle (when many Muslims ran away).<ref>Ziriklī, ‘’al-Aʿlām’’, vol. 3, p. 229.</ref> | ||
Before the [[Battle of Tabuk]], Talha was appointed as the commander of a [[sariyya]] (military expedition) in order to disperse hypocrites ([[munafiq]]s) who had assembled in the house of Suwaylim, the Jewish.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ‘’al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya’’, vol. 2, p. 517; Ibn Hishām, ‘’al-Sīra al-nabawīyya’’, vol. 5, p. 3.</ref> | |||
Before the [[Battle of Tabuk]], Talha was appointed as the commander of a [[sariyya]] (military expedition) in order to disperse hypocrites ([[munafiq]]s) who had assembled in the house of Suwaylim, the Jewish. | |||
==Annoying the Prophet (s)== | ==Annoying the Prophet (s)== | ||
Talha said something offensive about the Prophet (s)'s wives that upset the Prophet (s), about which a Quranic verse was revealed. He said: if the Prophet (s) dies, I will marry his wife, [[Aisha]]. Thus the following verse was revealed: | Talha said something offensive about the Prophet (s)'s wives that upset the Prophet (s), about which a Quranic verse was revealed. He said: if the Prophet (s) dies, I will marry his wife, [[Aisha]]. Thus the following verse was revealed:<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 10, p. 123; Ibn Kathīr, ‘’Tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’, vol. 6, p. 445.</ref> | ||
{{centered pull quote | {{centered pull quote | ||
| | |"It is not right for you that you should annoy Allah's messenger, or that you should marry his widows after him at any time. Truly such a thing is in Allah's sight an enormity" | ||
|source=Quran, 33:53}} | |||
| | |||
==Period of the Caliphs== | ==Period of the Caliphs== | ||
Talha b. | Talha b. Ubayd Allah was one of the first people who joined the First [[Caliph]], [[Abu Bakr]], in the battle against the apostates.<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Futūḥ al-buldān’’, p. 100; Maqdisī, ‘’al-Bidaʾ wa l-tārīkh’’, vol. 5, p. 157.</ref> And when Abu Bakr died, Talha, [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] and [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abu Bakr]] entered Abu Bakr's grave before he was buried in it; they buried him beside the [[Prophet (s)]]'s grave.<ref>Balādhurī, ‘’Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf’’, vol. 10, p. 95.</ref> | ||
In some cases, Talha reproached Abu Bakr for his giving too much role to | In some cases, Talha reproached Abu Bakr for his giving too much role to Umar b. al-Khattb in his administration<ref>Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk’’, vol. 3, p. 275.</ref> and he was among those who objected to Abu Bakr when he announced 'Umar b. al-Khattab as his successor.<ref>Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk’’, vol. 3, p. 433.</ref> | ||
Talha attended some Islamic conquests, including the [[Conquest of Iran]] alongside [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] and [[al-Zubayr b. 'Awwam]] during the [[caliphate]] of | Talha attended some Islamic conquests, including the [[Conquest of Iran]] alongside [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] and [[al-Zubayr b. 'Awwam]] during the [[caliphate]] of Umar b. al-Khattab.<ref>Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk’’, vol. 3, p. 481-488.</ref> He also advised Umar in some of his conquests.<ref>Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, ‘’al-Futūḥ’’, vol. 2, p. 292.</ref> | ||
===The Six-Member Council for the election of the Third Caliph=== | ===The Six-Member Council for the election of the Third Caliph=== | ||
{{main|Six-Member Council}} | {{main|Six-Member Council}} | ||
Along with [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], [[al-Zubayr b. 'Awwam]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]], and [[Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas]], Talha was appointed in the [[Six-Member Council]] for the election of the Third Caliph. On some accounts, he was then outside of [[Medina]], but when he returned, he voted for 'Uthman. It is said that he returned to Medina when 'Umar died and he pledged his allegiance with | Along with [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], [[al-Zubayr b. 'Awwam]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]], and [[Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas]], Talha was appointed in the [[Six-Member Council]] for the election of the Third Caliph. On some accounts, he was then outside of [[Medina]], but when he returned, he voted for 'Uthman. It is said that he returned to Medina when 'Umar died and he pledged his allegiance with Uthman. | ||
===Complicity in 'Uthman's murder=== | ===Complicity in 'Uthman's murder=== | ||