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Al-Istibsar (book): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox book | |||
| name = Al-ʾIstibṣār fī mā ikhtalafa min al-ʾakhbār | |||
| image = Al-Istibsar.jpg | |||
| image_size = 250 | |||
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| author = [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Hasan al-Tusi]] | |||
| title_orig = الاستبصار فی ما اختلف من الاخبار | |||
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| language = Arabic | |||
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| published = [[Beirut]], 1426/2005 | |||
| publisher = Mu'assisa al-a'lami li l-matbu'at | |||
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}} | |||
'''''Al-ʾIstibṣār fī mā ikhtalafa min al-ʾakhbār''''' (Arabic: الاستبصار فی ما اختلف من الاخبار) is the fourth book of [[the Four Books]]. It is a [[hadith]] collection compiled by [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Hasan al-Tusi]] (d. [[460]]/1067 ) known as '''al-Shaykh al-ṭaʾifa'''. | '''''Al-ʾIstibṣār fī mā ikhtalafa min al-ʾakhbār''''' (Arabic: الاستبصار فی ما اختلف من الاخبار) is the fourth book of [[the Four Books]]. It is a [[hadith]] collection compiled by [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Abu Ja'far Muhammad b. Hasan al-Tusi]] (d. [[460]]/1067 ) known as '''al-Shaykh al-ṭaʾifa'''. | ||
== Content == | == Content == | ||
This book contains [[jurisprudence|jurisprudential]] hadiths and it is more concise than ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'' . The order of the chapters in '' | This book contains [[jurisprudence|jurisprudential]] hadiths and it is more concise than ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'' . The order of the chapters in ''Al-Istibsar'' are so that the first two parts (part one and two) are dedicated to issues regarding worship (except Jihad) and the last part (part three) is about other jurisprudential issues such as contracts, unilateral obligations, fixed punishments and financial compensations. | ||
According to statistics that the author has given about the hadiths recorded in '' | According to statistics that the author has given about the hadiths recorded in ''Al-Istibsar'' , they are 5511 hadiths while in a researched publication of the book, the number of hadiths are 5558 and this difference might be due to the way of counting some special hadiths. | ||
In the first two parts, al-Shaykh al-Tusi has recorded almost all hadiths with their references, but in the last part, the references are mentioned in a brief way and similar to the style of ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' and more like the style of Ibn Babiwayh in ''[[Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih (book)|Man la yahduruh al-faqih]]'' the references of hadiths to hadiths Usul [original references] are mentioned at the end of the work. | In the first two parts, al-Shaykh al-Tusi has recorded almost all hadiths with their references, but in the last part, the references are mentioned in a brief way and similar to the style of ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' and more like the style of Ibn Babiwayh in ''[[Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih (book)|Man la yahduruh al-faqih]]'' the references of hadiths to hadiths Usul [original references] are mentioned at the end of the work. | ||
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== Manner of Compilation == | == Manner of Compilation == | ||
In this work, in addition to collecting all hadiths related to one issue at one place, al-Tusi has reviewed their references and meanings and in each chapter, has suggested his own opinion for removing apparent disagreements between hadiths or the priority of some of them over others. Methods for reach agreements and conclusions between hadiths and removing their disagreements have a special position in the al-Shaykh al-Tusi's fiqh, and has been reflected especially in his '' | In this work, in addition to collecting all hadiths related to one issue at one place, al-Tusi has reviewed their references and meanings and in each chapter, has suggested his own opinion for removing apparent disagreements between hadiths or the priority of some of them over others. Methods for reach agreements and conclusions between hadiths and removing their disagreements have a special position in the al-Shaykh al-Tusi's fiqh, and has been reflected especially in his ''Al-Istibsar'' . | ||
Therefore, this book should not be regarded as a mere collection of hadiths and ignore its jurisprudential value. Similar to other books among the Four Books, the order of the chapters of '' | Therefore, this book should not be regarded as a mere collection of hadiths and ignore its jurisprudential value. Similar to other books among the Four Books, the order of the chapters of ''Al-Istibsar'' is based on the usual order in jurisprudential works. | ||
Although in compiling '' | Although in compiling ''Al-Istibsar'' , al-Shaykh al-Tusi has so much relied on his previous work ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' , but ''Al-Istibsar'' has its own characteristics regarding the general purpose of compilation as well as the chaptering and the order of hadiths in each chapter and is regarded as an independent work. This independence is clearly seen in a list of the author's works and in the words of his contemporary scholar, [[al-Najashi]]. | ||
== Attributes == | == Attributes == | ||
This is the first book which has been published to make an agreement between opposite hadiths. | This is the first book which has been published to make an agreement between opposite hadiths. | ||
In addition to its great credit, '' | In addition to its great credit, ''Al-Istibsar'' has a very good coverage so that [[Ibn Tawus]] says, “If there is any disagreement about an issue, it must be mentioned in ''Al-Istibsar'' .” | ||
At the beginning of every chapter, first the authentic or reliable hadith(s) are mentioned and then other hadiths are listed. | At the beginning of every chapter, first the authentic or reliable hadith(s) are mentioned and then other hadiths are listed. | ||
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This book is among the most authentic Shia hadith books and every faqih or Mujtahid needs to refer to it when judging about rulings. | This book is among the most authentic Shia hadith books and every faqih or Mujtahid needs to refer to it when judging about rulings. | ||
''Al-Istibsar'' is one of the [[Four Books]] and at the same level with [[al-Shaykh al-Kulayni]]'s [[Al-Kafi (book)| | ''Al-Istibsar'' is one of the [[Four Books]] and at the same level with [[al-Shaykh al-Kulayni]]'s ''[[Al-Kafi (book)|Al-Kafi]]'' , [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]]'s ''Man la yahduruh al-faqih'' and al-Shaykh al-Tusi's another book, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' which was written previous to ''Al-Istibsar'' . | ||
Regarding the significance and value of '' | Regarding the significance and value of ''Al-Istibsar'' , its name has always been in the list of references and Shia scholars and faqihs gave permission of narrating its hadiths to each other. | ||
== Old Copies == | == Old Copies == | ||
About old copies of '' | About old copies of ''Al-Istibsar'' , first the incomplete manuscript transcribed by Ja'far b. Ali Mashhadi must be mentioned that [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] reports that was available in the library of [[Sayyid Hadi Kashif al-Ghita']] in [[Najaf]]. According to this report, the mentioned copy has been compared with the handwriting of al-Shaykh al-Tusi and the job has finished in 573/1177-1178. | ||
Then, a copy kept in [[Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi Library]] in [[Qom]] should be mentioned that has been transcribed in 8th/14th century. | Then, a copy kept in [[Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi Library]] in [[Qom]] should be mentioned that has been transcribed in 8th/14th century. | ||
== Commentaries and Glosses == | == Commentaries and Glosses == | ||
Compiling works as commentary, gloss or marginal notes on '' | Compiling works as commentary, gloss or marginal notes on ''Al-Istibsar'' can be seen particularly since late 10th/16th century, among the most important ones of which are the following: | ||
* Marginal notes written by [[Muhammad b. Ali b. Husayn 'Amili]], author of ''Madarik al-ahkam'' (d. 1009/1600-1601) which is kept together with the text of '' | * Marginal notes written by [[Muhammad b. Ali b. Husayn 'Amili]], author of ''Madarik al-ahkam'' (d. 1009/1600-1601) which is kept together with the text of ''Al-Istibsar'' in [[Rawdati]] copy. | ||
* Marginal notes written by [[Hasan b. Zayn al-Din al-'Amili]], author of ''[[Ma'alim al-Din (book)|Ma'alim al-Din]] (d. 1011/1602-1603). Availability of this marginal notes is reported by Afandi in ''[[Riyad al-'Ulama]]''. | * Marginal notes written by [[Hasan b. Zayn al-Din al-'Amili]], author of ''[[Ma'alim al-Din (book)|Ma'alim al-Din]] (d. 1011/1602-1603). Availability of this marginal notes is reported by Afandi in ''[[Riyad al-'Ulama]]''. | ||
* Marginal notes written by [[Muhammad b. Ali b. Ibrahim Astarabadi]], author of ''Minhaj al-maqal'' (d. 1028/1618-1619), different copies of which have been seen in Najaf and [[Mashhad]]. | * Marginal notes written by [[Muhammad b. Ali b. Ibrahim Astarabadi]], author of ''Minhaj al-maqal'' (d. 1028/1618-1619), different copies of which have been seen in Najaf and [[Mashhad]]. | ||
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* A gloss written by [[Mir Muhammad Baqir Astarabadi]], known as Mirdamad (d. 1040 or 1041/1630-1631) which has been sometimes referred to as a commentary. There are several copies of it in Sepahsalar Library in [[Tehran]] and Chester Beatty Library in Dublin. | * A gloss written by [[Mir Muhammad Baqir Astarabadi]], known as Mirdamad (d. 1040 or 1041/1630-1631) which has been sometimes referred to as a commentary. There are several copies of it in Sepahsalar Library in [[Tehran]] and Chester Beatty Library in Dublin. | ||
* ''Jami' al-akhbar fi idah al-istibsar'' which is a commentary written by Shaykh 'Abd al-Latif b. Ali b. Ahmad b. Abi Jami' Harithi (d. 1050/1640-1641), a pupil of [[Shaykh Baha'i]]. | * ''Jami' al-akhbar fi idah al-istibsar'' which is a commentary written by Shaykh 'Abd al-Latif b. Ali b. Ahmad b. Abi Jami' Harithi (d. 1050/1640-1641), a pupil of [[Shaykh Baha'i]]. | ||
* ''Kashf al-asrar fi sharh al-istibsar'' which is a commentary on '' | * ''Kashf al-asrar fi sharh al-istibsar'' which is a commentary on ''Al-Istibsar'' written by [[Sayyid Ni'mat Allah Jaza'iri]] (d. 1112/1700) and several manuscripts of it have been mentioned by Aqa Buzurg Tihrani. | ||
* ''Nukat al-irshad dar sharh al-istibsar'' written by [[al-Shahid al-Awwal]] Muhammad b. Makki. | * ''Nukat al-irshad dar sharh al-istibsar'' written by [[al-Shahid al-Awwal]] Muhammad b. Makki. | ||
* ''Sharh al-Istibsar'' written by Sayyid Mirza Hasan b. 'Abd al-Rasul Husayni Zunuzi | * ''Sharh al-Istibsar'' written by Sayyid Mirza Hasan b. 'Abd al-Rasul Husayni Zunuzi | ||