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Incident of Saqifa: Difference between revisions
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{{Early Islam}} | |||
'''Event of Saqīfa Banī Sā'ida''' (Arabic: وقعة سقیفة بنی ساعدة) refers to the allegiance pledged by some Muslims to [[Abu Bakr]] as the [[caliph]] after the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]'s demise. No one from [[Banu Hashim]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] was present in the event, and [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] who was already announced by the Prophet (s) as his successor was taking care of the Prophet (s)'s corpse when the event of Saqifa was taking place. Some [[Muhajirun]] (Muslims who had migrated from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]]) gathered in order to announce Abu Bakr as the caliph and some [[Ansar]] gathered there in order to announce [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]] as the caliph. | '''Event of Saqīfa Banī Sā'ida''' (Arabic: وقعة سقیفة بنی ساعدة) refers to the allegiance pledged by some Muslims to [[Abu Bakr]] as the [[caliph]] after the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]'s demise. No one from [[Banu Hashim]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] was present in the event, and [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] who was already announced by the Prophet (s) as his successor was taking care of the Prophet (s)'s corpse when the event of Saqifa was taking place. Some [[Muhajirun]] (Muslims who had migrated from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]]) gathered in order to announce Abu Bakr as the caliph and some [[Ansar]] gathered there in order to announce [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]] as the caliph. | ||
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There was a quarrel between [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]] over the succession ([[khilafa]] or [[caliphate]]) of the Prophet (s). Each group argued that the caliph should be selected from among them because of their virtues and advantages over the other party. | There was a quarrel between [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]] over the succession ([[khilafa]] or [[caliphate]]) of the Prophet (s). Each group argued that the caliph should be selected from among them because of their virtues and advantages over the other party. | ||
In the event of Saqifa Bani Sa'ida, [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]] delivered a speech for people and praised people of Ansar and their virtues and services for Islam. He then claimed that the Prophet (s)'s caliph should be from Ansar. After his speech, people of Ansar wanted to pledge their allegiance to Sa'd b. 'Ubada. But some of them raised the question of what to say to Muhajirun if they oppose Sa'd b. 'Ubada's caliphate. Thus they decided to offer the suggestion of electing a ruler from Muhajirun and another from Ansar. | In the event of Saqifa Bani Sa'ida, [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]] delivered a speech for people and praised people of Ansar and their virtues and services for Islam. He then claimed that the Prophet (s)'s caliph should be from Ansar. After his speech, people of Ansar wanted to pledge their allegiance to Sa'd b. 'Ubada. But some of them raised the question of what to say to Muhajirun if they oppose Sa'd b. 'Ubada's caliphate. Thus they decided to offer the suggestion of electing a ruler from Muhajirun and another from Ansar. | ||
However, Abu Bakr, 'Umar b. Khattab, and Abu 'Ubayda al-Jarrah turned people's attentions away from Sa'd b. 'Ubada, and invited them to pledge their allegiance to Abu Bakr as the caliph. 'Umar rejected the suggestion of one ruler from Muhajirun and another from Ansar on the grounds that one cannot place two swords in one scabbard, and people of Arab will not obey two rulers. | However, Abu Bakr, 'Umar b. Khattab, and Abu 'Ubayda al-Jarrah turned people's attentions away from Sa'd b. 'Ubada, and invited them to pledge their allegiance to Abu Bakr as the caliph. 'Umar rejected the suggestion of one ruler from Muhajirun and another from Ansar on the grounds that one cannot place two swords in one scabbard, and people of Arab will not obey two rulers. | ||
Upon the rejection of this suggestion, each of the two groups (Muhajirun and Ansar) enumerated their own virtues, records and services to Islam, and finally Muhajirun defeated Ansar in this debate. Thus 'Umar asked people to pledge their allegiance to Abu Bakr. | Upon the rejection of this suggestion, each of the two groups (Muhajirun and Ansar) enumerated their own virtues, records and services to Islam, and finally Muhajirun defeated Ansar in this debate. Thus 'Umar asked people to pledge their allegiance to Abu Bakr. | ||
The argument made by people of [[Quraysh]] for the claim that they were qualified for the succession of the Prophet (s) was that the Prophet (s) was from the Quraysh, and thus they were branches of the same tree that the Prophet (s) belonged to. | The argument made by people of [[Quraysh]] for the claim that they were qualified for the succession of the Prophet (s) was that the Prophet (s) was from the Quraysh, and thus they were branches of the same tree that the Prophet (s) belonged to. | ||
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==The reasons for Imam 'Ali (a)'s refusal to oppose Abu Bakr's caliphate== | ==The reasons for Imam 'Ali (a)'s refusal to oppose Abu Bakr's caliphate== | ||
At the time when the event of Saqifa was taking place, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] and some Muhajirun were busy with the washing and shrouding rituals of the Prophet (s)'s corpse. According to [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] and [[Sahih al-Muslim]], Imam 'Ali (a) did not pledge his allegiance to Abu Bakr so long as his wife, [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] was still alive, that is, 6 months after the Prophet (s)'s demise. According to 'Abd al-Razzaq, [[al-Bukhari]]'s teacher, in his book, ''al-Musannaf'', in addition to 'Ali (a), no person from [[Banu Hashim]] pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr during those six months. | At the time when the event of Saqifa was taking place, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] and some Muhajirun were busy with the washing and shrouding rituals of the Prophet (s)'s corpse. According to [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] and [[Sahih al-Muslim]], Imam 'Ali (a) did not pledge his allegiance to Abu Bakr so long as his wife, [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] was still alive, that is, 6 months after the Prophet (s)'s demise. According to 'Abd al-Razzaq, [[al-Bukhari]]'s teacher, in his book, ''al-Musannaf'', in addition to 'Ali (a), no person from [[Banu Hashim]] pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr during those six months. | ||
==Shiites' questions about the event of Saqifa== | ==Shiites' questions about the event of Saqifa== | ||
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Some people have appealed to these pieces of evidence concluding that the allegiance with Abu Bakr did not happen out of the blue, rather it was a pre-planned plot. Some Shiite [[hadiths]] have referred to such a plot being planned during the Prophet (s)'s life. | Some people have appealed to these pieces of evidence concluding that the allegiance with Abu Bakr did not happen out of the blue, rather it was a pre-planned plot. Some Shiite [[hadiths]] have referred to such a plot being planned during the Prophet (s)'s life. | ||
{{Imam 'Ali (a)}} | |||