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Incident of Saqifa: Difference between revisions
→The Conversations at the Saqifa
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Many conversations occurred between the Helpers and the Immigrants who joined them, all of which had a role in the final decision. However, the most influential speech was that of Abu Bakr and his companions. The most important talks in that event belonged to the following: | Many conversations occurred between the Helpers and the Immigrants who joined them, all of which had a role in the final decision. However, the most influential speech was that of Abu Bakr and his companions. The most important talks in that event belonged to the following: | ||
'''[[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]]''': He spoke mainly in the beginning of the session and prior to the coming of Abu Bakr and his companions. Because he was sick, his speech was delivered to the audience with the help of his son. The main themes of his speech were the following: the virtues and excellence of the [[Helpers]], their superiority over the other Muslims, their service to Islam and to the [[Prophet (s)]], and the fact that the Prophet (s) was pleased with them when he passed away. With these points, he stated that the Helpers should choose a leader from themselves. Against the suggestion of choosing one leader from the Helpers and one from the [[Immigrants]], he said that the suggestion was a failure and a retreat. | '''[[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]]''': He spoke mainly in the beginning of the session and prior to the coming of Abu Bakr and his companions. Because he was sick, his speech was delivered to the audience with the help of his son. The main themes of his speech were the following: the virtues and excellence of the [[Helpers]], their superiority over the other Muslims, their service to Islam and to the [[Prophet (s)]], and the fact that the Prophet (s) was pleased with them when he passed away. With these points, he stated that the Helpers should choose a leader from themselves. Against the suggestion of choosing one leader from the Helpers and one from the [[Immigrants]], he said that the suggestion was a failure and a retreat.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsaʾ'', vol. 1, p. 22.</ref> | ||
'''[[Abu Bakr]]''': Abu Bakr's sayings in this gathering determined the direction toward which it moved. He talked several times, and the main themes of his speeches were the following: the advantages of the Immigrants over the Helpers—including being the vanguard in accepting the Prophet's call, [[faith]] and [[worshipping God]], their kinship with the Prophet (s)—which made them more deserving of the succession to the Prophet (s) than the Helpers, and the virtues of the Helpers and their being better fitted to be viziers, not caliphs. | '''[[Abu Bakr]]''': Abu Bakr's sayings in this gathering determined the direction toward which it moved. He talked several times, and the main themes of his speeches were the following: the advantages of the Immigrants over the Helpers—including being the vanguard in accepting the Prophet's call, [[faith]] and [[worshipping God]], their kinship with the Prophet (s)—which made them more deserving of the succession to the Prophet (s) than the Helpers, and the virtues of the Helpers and their being better fitted to be viziers, not caliphs. <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 202.</ref> | ||
'''[[Al-Habab b. al-Mundhir]]''': He spoke in the Saqifa two or three times, and his speech each time contained instigation and threat against the Immigrants, and especially against Abu Bakr and Umar. He also repeated the suggestion of choosing one ruler from each tribe. | '''[[Al-Habab b. al-Mundhir]]''': He spoke in the Saqifa two or three times, and his speech each time contained instigation and threat against the Immigrants, and especially against Abu Bakr and Umar.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsaʾ'', vol. 1, p. 25.</ref> He also repeated the suggestion of choosing one ruler from each tribe.<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''al-Fāʾiq fī gharīb al-ḥadīth'', vol. 3, p. 73.</ref> | ||
'''[[Umar b. al-Khattab]]''': Umar mostly reinforced Abu Bakr's statements by mentioning some points, including the claim that the Arabs would not disagree with the succession of the Prophet's relatives and the impossibility of choosing two rulers, because two swords do not fit in one sheath. | '''[[Umar b. al-Khattab]]''': Umar mostly reinforced Abu Bakr's statements by mentioning some points, including the claim that the Arabs would not disagree with the succession of the Prophet's relatives and the impossibility of choosing two rulers, because two swords do not fit in one sheath. <ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsaʾ'', vol. 1, p. 25.</ref> | ||
'''[[Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah]]''': In his speech, he warned the Helpers against changing the religion and ruining the unity of the Muslims. | '''[[Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah]]''': In his speech, he warned the Helpers against changing the religion and ruining the unity of the Muslims.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 123.</ref> | ||
'''[[Bashir b. Sa'd]]''': He was one of the Helpers from the tribe of [[Khazraj]]. He spoke several times and affirmed the arguments of Abu Bakr and his companions. Urging the Helpers to fear God and respect Muslims' rights, he warned them against disagreeing with the Immigrants. | '''[[Bashir b. Sa'd]]''': He was one of the Helpers from the tribe of [[Khazraj]]. He spoke several times and affirmed the arguments of Abu Bakr and his companions. Urging the Helpers to fear God and respect Muslims' rights, he warned them against disagreeing with the Immigrants.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 202.</ref> | ||
'''[[Abd al-Rahman b. Awf]]''': He spoke about the place and virtues of such figures as Abu Bakr, Umar, and [[Ali (a)]], and reminded the Helpers that they did not have such personalities among them. | '''[[Abd al-Rahman b. Awf]]''': He spoke about the place and virtues of such figures as Abu Bakr, Umar, and [[Ali (a)]], and reminded the Helpers that they did not have such personalities among them.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 123.</ref> | ||
'''[[Mundhir b. Arqam]]''': He was one of the Helpers. In the Saqifa and against the arguments of Abu Bakr and [[Abd al-Rahman b. Awf]], he introduced Ali (a) as the one who had all the mentioned virtues. He stated that if Ali (a) is ready to accept the position, no one would oppose him. Mundhir's saying was affirmed by a group of the Helpers who proclaimed that they would only pledge their allegiance to Ali (a). | '''[[Mundhir b. Arqam]]''': He was one of the Helpers. In the Saqifa and against the arguments of Abu Bakr and [[Abd al-Rahman b. Awf]], he introduced Ali (a) as the one who had all the mentioned virtues. He stated that if Ali (a) is ready to accept the position, no one would oppose him.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 123.</ref> Mundhir's saying was affirmed by a group of the Helpers who proclaimed that they would only pledge their allegiance to Ali (a). | ||
==The Participant Groups== | ==The Participant Groups== | ||