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Incident of Saqifa: Difference between revisions
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==The Standpoint of the Companions and the Prominent Figures of the Quraysh== | ==The Standpoint of the Companions and the Prominent Figures of the Quraysh== | ||
Ali (a) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], together with some of the Immigrants and Helpers—such as [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], [[Fadl b. Abbas]], [[al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam]], [[Khalid b. Sa'id]], [[Miqdad b. 'Amr]], [[Salman al-Farsi]], [[Abu Dharr al-Ghifari]], [[Ammar b. Yasir]], [[al-Baraʾ b. 'Azib]], and [[Ubayy b. Ka'b]]—opposed the election of Abu Bakr as the caliph. | Ali (a) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], together with some of the Immigrants and Helpers—such as [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], [[Fadl b. Abbas]], [[al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam]], [[Khalid b. Sa'id]], [[Miqdad b. 'Amr]], [[Salman al-Farsi]], [[Abu Dharr al-Ghifari]], [[Ammar b. Yasir]], [[al-Baraʾ b. 'Azib]], and [[Ubayy b. Ka'b]]—opposed the election of Abu Bakr as the caliph.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 124.</ref> | ||
Some of these figures pointed out in several occasions that Abu Bakr was not qualified to be the successor to the Prophet (s). Some of their statements in this regard include the following: | Some of these figures pointed out in several occasions that Abu Bakr was not qualified to be the successor to the Prophet (s). Some of their statements in this regard include the following: | ||
*Fadl b. al-Abbas accused the Quraysh of negligence and hiding the truth, and stated that the family of the Prophet (s) and especially Ali (a) were more deserving of the caliphate. | * Fadl b. al-Abbas accused the Quraysh of negligence and hiding the truth, and stated that the family of the Prophet (s) and especially Ali (a) were more deserving of the caliphate.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 124.</ref> | ||
*In his conversations with the people, Salman al-Farsi called the allegiance at the Saqifa a mistake and stated that the succession to the Prophet (s) was the right of Ahl al-Bayt (a), which would lead the society to all good. | * In his conversations with the people, Salman al-Farsi called the allegiance at the Saqifa a mistake and stated that the succession to the Prophet (s) was the right of Ahl al-Bayt (a), which would lead the society to all good.<ref>Jawharī Baṣrī, ''al-Saqīfa wa Fadak'', p. 42.</ref> | ||
*Abu Dharr was not in Medina on the day of the Event of the Saqifa and was informed of what had happened when he arrived in the city. It is reported that he spoke about the right of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] to the caliphate as soon as he was informed of the event, and once more during the caliphate of [['Uthman]]. He said that the caliphate of Ahl al-Bayt (a) would bring about abundant blessings and good. | * Abu Dharr was not in Medina on the day of the Event of the Saqifa and was informed of what had happened when he arrived in the city. It is reported that he spoke about the right of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] to the caliphate as soon as he was informed of the event,<ref>Jawharī Baṣrī, ''al-Saqīfa wa Fadak'', p. 62.</ref> and once more during the caliphate of [['Uthman]]. He said that the caliphate of Ahl al-Bayt (a) would bring about abundant blessings and good.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 171.</ref> | ||
*Miqdad b. Ammar called the acceptance of the decisions of the Saqifa by the Muslims shocking and stated that Imam Ali (a) was the rightful successor of the Prophet (s). | * Miqdad b. Ammar called the acceptance of the decisions of the Saqifa by the Muslims shocking and stated that Imam Ali (a) was the rightful successor of the Prophet (s).<ref>ʿAskarī, ''Saqīfa; barrasī-yi naḥwa-yi shiklgīrī-yi ḥukūmat pas az riḥlat-i Payāmbar'', p. 76.</ref> | ||
*Towards the end of his life, [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] said in a public lecture, “The allegiance with Abu Bakr was a slip that occurred and God saved the people from its evil. Whoever acts in that way for choosing the caliph, kill him!” | * Towards the end of his life, [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] said in a public lecture, “The allegiance with Abu Bakr was a slip that occurred and God saved the people from its evil. Whoever acts in that way for choosing the caliph, kill him!”<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 3, p. 205; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 581; Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa l-aʿlām'', vol. 3, p. 8; Muqaddisī, ''al-Bidaʾ wa tārīkh'', vol. 5, p. 190.</ref> | ||
*When [[Abu Sufyan]], who had been sent by the Prophet (s) on a mission out of Medina, returned and was informed of the demise of the Prophet (s) and the allegiance at the [[Saqifa]], he asked about the reaction of Ali (a) and Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib. When he was told that they had kept their silence, he said, “By God, if I stay alive, I will take their feet to high places … I see dust that would not descend unless by a rain of blood.” It is reported that he recited some poems in favor of Ali (a) and criticizing Abu Bakr and Umar. | * When [[Abu Sufyan]], who had been sent by the Prophet (s) on a mission out of Medina, returned and was informed of the demise of the Prophet (s) and the allegiance at the [[Saqifa]], he asked about the reaction of Ali (a) and Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib. When he was told that they had kept their silence, he said, “By God, if I stay alive, I will take their feet to high places … I see dust that would not descend unless by a rain of blood.”<ref>Jawharī Baṣrī, ''al-Saqīfa wa Fadak'', p. 37.</ref> It is reported that he recited some poems in favor of Ali (a) and criticizing Abu Bakr and Umar.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 6, p. 17.</ref> | ||
*Many years later, in a letter to [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]], [[Mu'awiya]] wrote, “Your father and his Faruq were the first ones who deprived Ali (a) of his right and opposed him. They collaborated and urged Ali (a) to pledge his allegiance to them. When Ali (a) refused, they made wrong decisions and dangerous plans against him, so Ali (a) pledged his allegiance to them.” | * Many years later, in a letter to [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]], [[Mu'awiya]] wrote, “Your father and his Faruq were the first ones who deprived Ali (a) of his right and opposed him. They collaborated and urged Ali (a) to pledge his allegiance to them. When Ali (a) refused, they made wrong decisions and dangerous plans against him, so Ali (a) pledged his allegiance to them.”<ref>Naṣr b. Muzāhim, ''Waqʿat Ṣiffīn'', p. 119-120.</ref> | ||
==Ali’s (a) Reaction== | ==Ali’s (a) Reaction== | ||