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Muhammad b. Abi Bakr: Difference between revisions
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The place that he had in the Imam's (a) heart is comparable to that of [[Abu Dhar]] in the heart of the [[Prophet (s)]]. He is one of the close disciples of Imam Ali (a).<ref>Ḥirz al-Dīn, ''Marāqid al-maʿārif'', vol. 2, p. 246.</ref> | The place that he had in the Imam's (a) heart is comparable to that of [[Abu Dhar]] in the heart of the [[Prophet (s)]]. He is one of the close disciples of Imam Ali (a).<ref>Ḥirz al-Dīn, ''Marāqid al-maʿārif'', vol. 2, p. 246.</ref> | ||
With regard to the first three caliphs, he believed that they violated Imam Ali (s) right to [[caliphate]]. He believed that [['Uthman]] had turned away from God's laws and the [[sunna]] of the Prophet (s).<ref>Naṣr b. Muzāhim, ''Waqʿat Ṣiffīn'', p. 118; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al- | With regard to the first three caliphs, he believed that they violated Imam Ali (s) right to [[caliphate]]. He believed that [['Uthman]] had turned away from God's laws and the [[sunna]] of the Prophet (s).<ref>Naṣr b. Muzāhim, ''Waqʿat Ṣiffīn'', p. 118; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 2, p. 92.</ref> He regarded Imam Ali (a) as the first person who believed in the Prophet (s) and supported him throughout his life. He believed that fighting against Mu'awiya was a battle for the sake of God that promoted His religion.<ref>Naṣr b. Muzāhim, ''Waqʿat Ṣiffīn'', p. 118; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 2, p. 92.</ref> | ||
==During 'Uthman's Caliphate== | ==During 'Uthman's Caliphate== | ||
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It is also reported that after Muhammad's martyrdom, his sister [[Aisha]] would constantly curse [[Mu'awiya]], [['Amr b. al-'As]], and Mu'awiya b. Hudayj. | It is also reported that after Muhammad's martyrdom, his sister [[Aisha]] would constantly curse [[Mu'awiya]], [['Amr b. al-'As]], and Mu'awiya b. Hudayj. | ||
Muhammad's mother, [[Asma']], is also reported to have dies as a result of grieving for his son.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al- | Muhammad's mother, [[Asma']], is also reported to have dies as a result of grieving for his son.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 6, p. 88.</ref> | ||
Regarding the burial place of Muhammad, it is reported that he was buried outside [[Fustat]] in a mosque called Zimam, but some believe that only his head was buried there.<ref>Damīrī, ''Ḥayāt al-ḥayawān'', vol. 1, p. 351.</ref> | Regarding the burial place of Muhammad, it is reported that he was buried outside [[Fustat]] in a mosque called Zimam, but some believe that only his head was buried there.<ref>Damīrī, ''Ḥayāt al-ḥayawān'', vol. 1, p. 351.</ref> | ||
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According to the majority opinion, a daughter of Yazdgerd (the last Sasanian king) was Muhammad's wife, another daughter being married to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]].<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 446; Ibn Khalkān, ''Wafayāt al-aʿyān'', vol. 4, p. 59.</ref> | According to the majority opinion, a daughter of Yazdgerd (the last Sasanian king) was Muhammad's wife, another daughter being married to [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]].<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 8, p. 446; Ibn Khalkān, ''Wafayāt al-aʿyān'', vol. 4, p. 59.</ref> | ||
One of the children of Muhammad was [[Al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr|Qasim]] (d. 92/710-11 or 108/726-27), a [[jurist]] and scholar of [[Medina]],<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh al-ishrāf'', p. 264.</ref> who was one of the close companions of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]]. Qasim had a daughter called [[Umm Farwa bt. al-Qasim|Umm Farwa]], who married Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a) and became the mother of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al- | One of the children of Muhammad was [[Al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr|Qasim]] (d. 92/710-11 or 108/726-27), a [[jurist]] and scholar of [[Medina]],<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh al-ishrāf'', p. 264.</ref> who was one of the close companions of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]]. Qasim had a daughter called [[Umm Farwa bt. al-Qasim|Umm Farwa]], who married Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a) and became the mother of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]].<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 3, p. 190; Ḥirz al-Dīn, ''Marāqid al-maʿārif'', vol. 2, p. 249.</ref> | ||
==Correspondence with Imam Ali (a)== | ==Correspondence with Imam Ali (a)== | ||
During Muhammad's rule on Egypt, several letters were exchanged between him and the Imam (a). Two of these letters are recorded in ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]''<ref>''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', letter 28, 34.</ref> and the rest in historical and jurisprudential sources. These letters encompass different topics, including law, ethics, and politics.<ref>Thaqafī al-Kūfī, ''al-Ghārāt'', vol. 1, p. 227.</ref> | During Muhammad's rule on Egypt, several letters were exchanged between him and the Imam (a). Two of these letters are recorded in ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]''<ref>''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', letter 28, 34.</ref> and the rest in historical and jurisprudential sources. These letters encompass different topics, including law, ethics, and politics.<ref>Thaqafī al-Kūfī, ''al-Ghārāt'', vol. 1, p. 227.</ref> | ||
When [['Amr b. al-'As]] invaded Egypt, he send this and other letters of Muhammad to [[Mu'awiya]] in [[Damascus]]. Mu'awiya preserved these letters in the Umayyad treasury. [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]], the 8th Umayyad caliph, disclosed these letters at his time.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al- | When [['Amr b. al-'As]] invaded Egypt, he send this and other letters of Muhammad to [[Mu'awiya]] in [[Damascus]]. Mu'awiya preserved these letters in the Umayyad treasury. [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]], the 8th Umayyad caliph, disclosed these letters at his time.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 3, p. 211; Ḥirz al-Dīn, ''Marāqid al-maʿārif'', vol. 2, p. 247.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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* Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Ed. Suhayl Zakār and Rīyāḍ al-Zirkilī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH. | * Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Ed. Suhayl Zakār and Rīyāḍ al-Zirkilī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH. | ||
* Ḥirz al-Dīn, Muḥammad. ''Marāqid al-maʿārif''. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ḥirz al-Dīn. Qom: Manshūrāt Saʿīd b. Jubayr, 1371 Sh. | * Ḥirz al-Dīn, Muḥammad. ''Marāqid al-maʿārif''. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ḥirz al-Dīn. Qom: Manshūrāt Saʿīd b. Jubayr, 1371 Sh. | ||
* Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Hibat Allāh. ''Sharḥ Nahj al- | * Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Hibat Allāh. ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha''. Translated to Farsi by Maḥmūd Mahdawī Dāmghānī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Ney, 1368 Sh. | ||
* Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | * Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | ||
* Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd l-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn''. Translated to Farsi by ʿAbd al-Muḥammad Āyatī. Tehran: Muʾassisa-yi Muṭāliʿāt wa Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1363 Sh. | * Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd l-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn''. Translated to Farsi by ʿAbd al-Muḥammad Āyatī. Tehran: Muʾassisa-yi Muṭāliʿāt wa Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1363 Sh. | ||
* Ibn Kathīr, Abū l-Fidāʾ Islmāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 1407/1986. | * Ibn Kathīr, Abū l-Fidāʾ Islmāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. 1407/1986. | ||
* Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 AH. | * Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 AH. | ||
* Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Hibat Allāh. ''Sharḥ Nahj al- | * Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Hibat Allāh. ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Āyat Allāh al-Marʿashī, [n.d]. | ||
* Kinānī, Ḥamd b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1853. | * Kinānī, Ḥamd b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1853. | ||
* Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth''. Najaf: Manshūrāt Madīnat al-ʿilm Āyatullāh al-Khoeī, 1398 AH. | * Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth''. Najaf: Manshūrāt Madīnat al-ʿilm Āyatullāh al-Khoeī, 1398 AH. | ||
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