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Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty: Difference between revisions
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'''Ḥudaybīyya peace treaty''' was a treaty which was signed in Hudaybiyya region in [[6]]/ 627 between [[the Prophet (s)]] and the polytheists of [[Mecca]] and was addressed in [[Sura al-Fath]] in the [[Qur'an]]. This treaty was signed when Muslims went to Mecca for performing [[Hajj]] rituals but encountered the prevention of polytheists of [[Quraysh]]. Tensions and negotiations following this event finally led to signing a 10 year treaty between Muslims and the people of Mecca. | |||
== The Story in Detail == | == The Story in Detail == | ||
=== Muslims’ Determination for Performing Hajj === | === Muslims’ Determination for Performing Hajj === | ||
In the month of Dhu al-Qi’da of 6 AH, the Prophet (s) saw in the dream that he (s) had gone to Mecca and was performing circumambulation and hajj rituals. This dream of the Prophet (s) has been mentioned in the Qur’an as well, | In the month of Dhu al-Qi’da of 6 AH, the Prophet (s) saw in the dream that he (s) had gone to Mecca and was performing circumambulation and hajj rituals. This dream of the Prophet (s) has been mentioned in the Qur’an as well, | ||
“Certainly Allah has fulfilled His Apostle’s vision in all truth: You will surely enter the Sacred Mosque, God willing, in safety, with your heads shaven or hair cropped, without any fear. So He knew what you did not know, and He assigned [you] besides that a victory near at hand.” (48:27) | “Certainly Allah has fulfilled His Apostle’s vision in all truth: You will surely enter the Sacred Mosque, God willing, in safety, with your heads shaven or hair cropped, without any fear. So He knew what you did not know, and He assigned [you] besides that a victory near at hand.” (48:27) | ||
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The caravan of Muslims consisting of the immigrants, the Helpers and those Arabs who joined them left Medina towards Mecca on Monday Dhu al-Qi’da 1st, 6 AH. There are different reports regarding the number of the companions of the Prophet (s) in this journey, but seemingly, the report of Jabir b. ‘Abd Allah Ansari saying that, “we, the cmpanions of Hudaybiyya, were 1400” is more famous. Four women were in this crowd as well, one of whom was Umm Salama, a wife of the Prophet (s). The Prophet (s) appointed ‘Abd Allah b. Umm Maktum or Numayla b. ‘Abd Allah Laythi as his vicegerent in Medina. | The caravan of Muslims consisting of the immigrants, the Helpers and those Arabs who joined them left Medina towards Mecca on Monday Dhu al-Qi’da 1st, 6 AH. There are different reports regarding the number of the companions of the Prophet (s) in this journey, but seemingly, the report of Jabir b. ‘Abd Allah Ansari saying that, “we, the cmpanions of Hudaybiyya, were 1400” is more famous. Four women were in this crowd as well, one of whom was Umm Salama, a wife of the Prophet (s). The Prophet (s) appointed ‘Abd Allah b. Umm Maktum or Numayla b. ‘Abd Allah Laythi as his vicegerent in Medina. | ||
=== Wearing Ihram by Muslims === | === Wearing Ihram by Muslims === | ||
By the order of the Prophet (s), Muslims took no weapons except travelers’ weapons (sheathed swords). After they went away Medina for a distance and arrived at Dhi al-Halifa – where now a mosque is built there called Masjid al-Shajara, the Prophet (s) put on Ihram and marked the seventy camels which he (s) had brought with himself and directed them in front so that he (s) shows those who would take the message of his movement to Quraysh that he (s) did not exit Medina for war, but that he (s) just meant to perform ‘Umra and circumambulation of Kaaba. It is said that the camel of Abu Jahl which the Prophet (s) had taken in the battle of Badr as a booty, as a symbol was among other camels for sacrifice. | By the order of the Prophet (s), Muslims took no weapons except travelers’ weapons (sheathed swords). After they went away Medina for a distance and arrived at Dhi al-Halifa – where now a mosque is built there called Masjid al-Shajara, the Prophet (s) put on Ihram and marked the seventy camels which he (s) had brought with himself and directed them in front so that he (s) shows those who would take the message of his movement to Quraysh that he (s) did not exit Medina for war, but that he (s) just meant to perform ‘Umra and circumambulation of Kaaba. It is said that the camel of Abu Jahl which the Prophet (s) had taken in the battle of Badr as a booty, as a symbol was among other camels for sacrifice. | ||
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=== Capturing People of Quraysh === | === Capturing People of Quraysh === | ||
Quraysh who were under pressure, missioned Makraz b. Hafs who was famous for being brave and fearless with a group of about forty or fifty skilled horsemen to parade around the army of Muslims and if they could capture any of the Muslims, take them to Quraysh so that they would have a hostage from Muslims and would be able to force Muslims accept their suggestions. But Makraz and his group could not do anything and were even captured by the guards of the Army of Muslims. When they were taken to the Prophet (s), he (s) ordered to release them because they were not missioned to fight. Although before being captured, Makraz and his group had shot arrows towards Muslims and hurt them so much and even according to some reports, they had killed a Muslim called Ibn Zanim, they were released by the Prophet (s) and went back to Quraysh safely. | Quraysh who were under pressure, missioned Makraz b. Hafs who was famous for being brave and fearless with a group of about forty or fifty skilled horsemen to parade around the army of Muslims and if they could capture any of the Muslims, take them to Quraysh so that they would have a hostage from Muslims and would be able to force Muslims accept their suggestions. But Makraz and his group could not do anything and were even captured by the guards of the Army of Muslims. When they were taken to the Prophet (s), he (s) ordered to release them because they were not missioned to fight. Although before being captured, Makraz and his group had shot arrows towards Muslims and hurt them so much and even according to some reports, they had killed a Muslim called Ibn Zanim, they were released by the Prophet (s) and went back to Quraysh safely. | ||
=== Sending a Representative to Quraysh === | === Sending a Representative to Quraysh === | ||
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== Fruits of Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty == | == Fruits of Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty == | ||
Hudaybiyya peace treaty had many fruits for Muslims. It led to stopping of the war, call to Islam and its expansion all over Arab peninsula, so that since the beginning of the peace treaty until its break (22 months), the number of people who became Muslim were more than the total number of Muslims until then, and the army of the Prophet (s) in 8 AH and during the conquest of Mecca reached ten thousand men and the chiefs of Quraysh such as Abu Sufyan, ‘Amr ‘As and Khalid b. Walid became Muslim during that period. Also, the peace achieved after Hudaybiyya treaty helped the Prophet (s) increase propagational activities in the peninsula and also expand them to neighboring lands so that in 7 AH, he (s) called the kings and rulers of the neighboring lands to Islam. However, the most significant benefit of this peace treaty was preparing the ground for the conquest of Mecca which happened shortly after Hudaybiyya peace treaty. | Hudaybiyya peace treaty had many fruits for Muslims. It led to stopping of the war, call to Islam and its expansion all over Arab peninsula, so that since the beginning of the peace treaty until its break (22 months), the number of people who became Muslim were more than the total number of Muslims until then, and the army of the Prophet (s) in 8 AH and during the conquest of Mecca reached ten thousand men and the chiefs of Quraysh such as Abu Sufyan, ‘Amr ‘As and Khalid b. Walid became Muslim during that period. Also, the peace achieved after Hudaybiyya treaty helped the Prophet (s) increase propagational activities in the peninsula and also expand them to neighboring lands so that in 7 AH, he (s) called the kings and rulers of the neighboring lands to Islam. However, the most significant benefit of this peace treaty was preparing the ground for the conquest of Mecca which happened shortly after Hudaybiyya peace treaty. | ||
[[fa:صلح حدیبیه]] | |||
[[ur:صلح حدیبیہ]] | |||