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Hilf al-Fudul: Difference between revisions
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'''Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| | '''Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|حِلفُ الفُضُول}}) was the name of a pact announced between some clans of [[Quraysh]] at the [[Age of Ignorance]], to support the oppressed in [[Mecca]]. [[Banu Hashim]] and [[Banu Muttalib]], [[Banu 'Abd Manaf]], Banu Zuhra b. Kilab, Banu Taym b. Murra and Banu Asad b. 'Abd al-'Uzza b. Qusay were the clans that followed the pact. After [[Bi'tha]], the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] praised this effort. | ||
== Designation == | == Designation == | ||
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==Time== | ==Time== | ||
It is said that Hilf al-Fudul was made 20 years after [[Am al-Fil]], on the return of [[Quraysh]] from the [[Battle of Fijar]]. Battle of Fijar took place in [[Shawwal]] and Hilf al-Fudul was made in [[Dhu l-Qa'da]]. However, there are reports which refer to the formation date of this pact to have been either five years before the beginning of the mission of the | It is said that Hilf al-Fudul was made 20 years after [['Am al-Fil]], on the return of [[Quraysh]] from the [[Battle of Fijar]]. Battle of Fijar took place in [[Shawwal]] and Hilf al-Fudul was made in [[Dhu l-Qa'da]]. However, there are reports which refer to the formation date of this pact to have been either five years before the beginning of the mission of the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] or in the childhood of the Holy Prophet (s). | ||
==Cause of Formation== | ==Cause of Formation== | ||
The main cause which led to the formation of this pact was that members of Quraysh treated the foreigners or those who did not have any relatives in [[Mecca]] with cruelty. For instance, one day a man who had brought goods to sell, went to Mecca from Zabid of [[Yemen]]. As b. Wa'il al-Sahmi (father of [[Amr b. al-'As]]) bought his goods but made delays in giving him the money thus making the vender angry. The protesting vender went to Quraysh and asked them to help him in claiming his right, but no one helped him. Later on, he decided to go up the [[Abu Qubays]] (a mountain near [[Masjid al-Haram]]) and loudly repeated some poems, calling for justice. | The main cause which led to the formation of this pact was that members of Quraysh treated the foreigners or those who did not have any relatives in [[Mecca]] with cruelty. For instance, one day a man who had brought goods to sell, went to Mecca from Zabid of [[Yemen]]. As b. Wa'il al-Sahmi (father of [[Amr b. al-'As]]) bought his goods but made delays in giving him the money thus making the vender angry. The protesting vender went to Quraysh and asked them to help him in claiming his right, but no one helped him. Later on, he decided to go up the [[Abu Qubays]] (a mountain near [[Masjid al-Haram]]) and loudly repeated some poems, calling for justice. | ||
[[Zubayr b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], uncle of the | [[Zubayr b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], uncle of the Holy Prophet (s) and one of the elders of Quraysh, was the first person who spoke of Hilf al-Fudul and invited people to it. Afterwards, some clans of Quraysh gathered in [[Dar al-Nudwa]] (a meeting place for resolving issues) and agreed to claim the rights of the angry vender. Then, by the efforts of Zubayr b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, they gathered in the house of 'Abd Allah b. Jud'an al-Taymi, one of the elders of Quraysh. They soaked their hands in [[Zamzam]] water and according to another report they put their hands on soil. They made an agreement with each other that if any foreigner or anyone from Mecca is treated unjustly, they would help him reclaim his right from the oppressor, they would prevent an oppressor from oppression, prohibit from evil and help the needy in their day to day living. Hilf al-Fudul was the most honorable and noble pact which remained among Arabs until then. | ||
Hilf al-Fudul was later considered as one of the bases for determining dates before Islam for its importance. | Hilf al-Fudul was later considered as one of the bases for determining dates before Islam for its importance. | ||
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==After Islam== | ==After Islam== | ||
Since Hilf al-Fudul was established in order to defend the rights of the oppressed against oppressors, [[Islam]] could approve of it and even reinforced it. | Since Hilf al-Fudul was established in order to defend the rights of the oppressed against oppressors, [[Islam]] could approve of it and even reinforced it. | ||
It is narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]] that after [[Bi'tha]], he (s) said: | It is narrated from the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] that after [[Bi'tha]], he (s) said: | ||
:"(together with my uncles) I witnessed a pact in the house of 'Abd Allah b. Jud'an which I would not like to break it even if all red-hair camels are given to me and if today I was invited to it again, I would accept it." | :"(together with my uncles) I witnessed a pact in the house of 'Abd Allah b. Jud'an which I would not like to break it even if all red-hair camels are given to me and if today I was invited to it again, I would accept it." | ||
The [[second caliph]] regarded the presence at Hilf al-Fudul a criterion for superiority of different tribes for receiving more provisions and budget. | The [[second caliph]] regarded the presence at Hilf al-Fudul a criterion for superiority of different tribes for receiving more provisions and budget. | ||
In one of the trips of [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan|Mu'awiya]] to [[Medina]], [['Abd Allah b, Zubayr]] told Mu'awiya that he was with [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] in Hilf al-Fudul and if one day Imam (a) asks him for help against Mu'awiya, he would help him. However Mu'awiya refused to accept it by mocking his account. | In one of the trips of [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan|Mu'awiya]] to [[Medina]], [['Abd Allah b, Zubayr]] told Mu'awiya that he was with [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] in Hilf al-Fudul and if one day Imam (a) asks him for help against Mu'awiya, he would help him. However Mu'awiya refused to accept it by mocking his account. | ||
In another event, after the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), when according to his will, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] wanted to bury him beside the grave of the | In another event, after the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), when according to his will, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] wanted to bury him beside the grave of the Holy Prophet (s), the [[Umayyad]] opposed it and he (a) turned to Hilf al-Fudul for assistance and even some tribes prepared to help him , but he (s) withdrew from taking action. | ||
Also, when [[Walid b. 'Utaba b. Abi Sufyan]], the Umayyad governor of [[Medina]] (from [[57]]-[[60]]/between 676-679 and [[61]]-[[62]]/680-682) ignored the right of Imam al-Husayn (a) regarding a property or state which belonged to Imam (a) and he (a) warned him that if he does not do justice towards Imam (a), he (a) will take his sword and will call people to Hilf al-Fudul. Following that event, some people expressed readiness for supporting Imam al-Husayn (a) and Walid , having no other options, gave him his rights. | Also, when [[Walid b. 'Utaba b. Abi Sufyan]], the Umayyad governor of [[Medina]] (from [[57]]-[[60]]/between 676-679 and [[61]]-[[62]]/680-682) ignored the right of Imam al-Husayn (a) regarding a property or state which belonged to Imam (a) and he (a) warned him that if he does not do justice towards Imam (a), he (a) will take his sword and will call people to Hilf al-Fudul. Following that event, some people expressed readiness for supporting Imam al-Husayn (a) and Walid , having no other options, gave him his rights. | ||
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* [[Hilf al-Ahlaf]] | * [[Hilf al-Ahlaf]] | ||
== | ==References== | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%84 حلف الفضول] in farsi wikishia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%84 حلف الفضول] in farsi wikishia. | ||
{{template:the Prophet (s)}} | {{template:the Prophet (s)}} | ||