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Adam (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Prophet Ādam (a)''' (Arabic:النبی آدم), according to religious reports, has been the first man on earth and the father of all human beings. [[God]] breathed of His [[spirit]] in Adam's body, then praised Himself for creating Adam. Then, [[ | '''Prophet Ādam (a)''' (Arabic:النبی آدم), according to religious reports, has been the first man on earth and the father of all human beings. [[God]] breathed of His [[spirit]] in Adam's body, then praised Himself for creating Adam. Then, [[angel]]s were ordered to prostrate on Adam. Adam's wife was [[Eve]] (Arabic:حواء) and they were banished from [[paradise]] due to eating a [[forbidden fruit]]. Prophet Adam (a) was the first [[viceroy of God]] on earth and the first [[messenger]] of God. His creations, breathing of God in his body, prostration of angels to him, his [[infallibility]] and his coming on earth are [[theology|theological]] and [[Hadith|traditional]] discussions. | ||
== Origin of the Name == | == Origin of the Name == | ||
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== Adam in Islam == | == Adam in Islam == | ||
Adam and his creation are two very important issues in [[Islam]]. In Islamic view, Adam is the first [[prophet]] and when Muslims want to mark the beginning or end of [[prophethood]], they say "from Adam to the Seal of prophethood". What is mentioned about Adam in the commentaries of the holy [[Qur'an]], historical and literary books are all based on Quranic verses. In the holy Qur'an, the name of Adam has been mentioned 25 times, but the details of his creation have been mentioned in [[Sura]]s like: | Adam and his creation are two very important issues in [[Islam]]. In Islamic view, Adam is the first [[prophet]] and when Muslims want to mark the beginning or end of [[prophethood]], they say "from Adam to the Seal of prophethood". What is mentioned about Adam in the commentaries of the holy [[Qur'an]], historical and literary books are all based on Quranic verses. In the holy Qur'an, the name of Adam has been mentioned 25 times, but the details of his creation have been mentioned in [[Sura]]s like: [[Al-Baqara]], [[Al-A'raf]], [[Al-Hijr]], [[Al-Isra']], [[Taha]], [[Sād]]. | ||
== Adam in the holy Qur'an == | == Adam in the holy Qur'an == | ||
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In the dialogue between God and angels about creation of Adam, the following statement is quoted from angels towards God, "Will You set in it someone who will cause corruption in it, and shed blood…?" (2:30) How did angels know that human beings would be inflicted with these two vices? In this regard, exegetes have mentioned different narrations which cannot lead to more than one or two points. | In the dialogue between God and angels about creation of Adam, the following statement is quoted from angels towards God, "Will You set in it someone who will cause corruption in it, and shed blood…?" (2:30) How did angels know that human beings would be inflicted with these two vices? In this regard, exegetes have mentioned different narrations which cannot lead to more than one or two points. | ||
[[Tabari]] mentioned many traditions and classified them as below: | [[Muhammad b. Jarir b. Yazid al-Tabari|Tabari]] mentioned many traditions and classified them as below: | ||
* Some have said that before human beings, [[Jin]]s had been on earth and caused corruption in it. Therefore, angels deduced the fate of human beings from them. | * Some have said that before human beings, [[Jin]]s had been on earth and caused corruption in it. Therefore, angels deduced the fate of human beings from them. | ||
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* Some have said that before [[creation of human being]], God gave the angels some information about him and hid some other information and angels asked that question based on the information they had. | * Some have said that before [[creation of human being]], God gave the angels some information about him and hid some other information and angels asked that question based on the information they had. | ||
In this regards, [[Tabarsi]] mentions three opinions: | In this regards, [[Fadl b. Hassan al-Tabarsi|Tabarsi]] mentions three opinions: | ||
* Before people, Jins were on earth and they caused corruption in it, and caused bloodshed. Angels made a deduction based on their acts. | * Before people, Jins were on earth and they caused corruption in it, and caused bloodshed. Angels made a deduction based on their acts. | ||
* Angels just asked it, seeking to understand that, "O God, would human beings cause corruption and bloodshed or not? | * Angels just asked it, seeking to understand that, "O God, would human beings cause corruption and bloodshed or not? | ||
* God Himself had told them that human beings would do so, but concealed their advantages from angels so that they achieve a deeper certitude for the | * God Himself had told them that human beings would do so, but concealed their advantages from angels so that they achieve a deeper certitude for the wisdom and knowledge of God. | ||
=== God's breathing of Spirit in the Body of Adam === | === God's breathing of Spirit in the Body of Adam === | ||
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=== Prostration of Angels to Adam === | === Prostration of Angels to Adam === | ||
According to the [[Quranic verse]]s, angels prostrated to Adam. This prostration, knowing the fact that all Muslims agree that worshiping belongs to God and any bending or prostration for worshiping other than God is | According to the [[Quranic verse]]s, angels prostrated to Adam. This prostration, knowing the fact that all Muslims agree that worshiping belongs to God and any bending or prostration for worshiping other than God is disbelief and an act of [[polytheism]], has not been a prostration for worshiping but it has meant both honor and praise. | ||
=== Adam and Eve === | === Adam and Eve === | ||
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=== Forbidden Tree === | === Forbidden Tree === | ||
In the story of Adam, it has been said that God made all things edible in paradise as [[Halal]] (permissible) for him and forbade him from eating or approaching only one [[Forbidden tree|tree]]. Tabari has narrated many [[hadith]]s from [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Ibn Abbas]], [[Abu Malik]], Abu 'Atiyya, Qatada and others that it was wheat. In another hadith, it is mentioned that it was grapevine or fig tree. In addition to wheat, grapes and fig, [[Tusi]] has mentioned a hadith from [[Imam Ali (a)]] that this tree was camphor. | In the story of Adam, it has been said that God made all things edible in paradise as [[Halal]] (permissible) for him and forbade him from eating or approaching only one [[Forbidden tree|tree]]. Tabari has narrated many [[hadith]]s from [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Ibn Abbas]], [[Abu Malik]], Abu 'Atiyya, Qatada and others that it was wheat. In another hadith, it is mentioned that it was grapevine or fig tree. In addition to wheat, grapes and fig, [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Tusi]] has mentioned a hadith from [[Imam Ali (a)]] that this tree was camphor. | ||
=== Infallibility of Prophet Adam (a) === | === Infallibility of Prophet Adam (a) === | ||