Iraq: Difference between revisions

Originality of Shi'ism in Iraq goes back to the time of [[Imam Ali (a)]], where it became expanded and stretched in other territories such as [[Iran]]. Although Shi'ite government were ruling in Iraq, including [[Hamdani]], [[Buyid]] and [[Safavid]], they were merely influential in administrative affairs. However by the time Ottomans established their government, Shi'ite Muslims were removed from political authorities. Then after the occupation of Iraq by British militaries, again Shi'a Muslims played an active role. [[Al-Da'wa party]], an influential political party in Iraq, was founded in that time, which kept Shi'a Muslims active and helped them to play a crucial role in achieving independence of Iraq. Also [[Muhammad Taqi Shirazi]], a grand religious scholar, issued a [[fatwa]] of [[Jihad]] against British military soldiers in Iraq.

After the occupation of Iraq by the United States and the fall of [[Saddam]] in 2003, again Shi'a Muslims came back to political stage in Iraq. According to the new constitutional law of Iraq, Prime minister must be chosen from Shi'a Muslims; since then three Shi'a Prime minister of Iraq were chosen from Islamic Da'wa party. Ayatollah [[sayyid Ali al-Sistani]] is regarded the most notable [[marja']] in Iraq. Shi'a Muslims from all over the world visit Iraq in order to make pilgrimage to Imam's (a) shrines in this country. Today, the most populated gathering of Shi'a Muslims is held in [[Karbala]] in [[Arba'in]].

 

History of Iraq goes back to thousands of years B.C. Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyria, Amorites, and Chaldean were among the first civilizations lived in Iraq. Muslims conquered [[Mada'in]] in [[14]]/635-6, then Iraq was dominated and ruled by Muslims in the time of the second caliph, [['Umar b. Khattab]]. In pre-Islamic era, Iraq was part of Persian territory, however after the [[treaty of Zuhab]] between Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire, Iraq departed from Persian territory. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, disputes between Iran and Iraq heated again over the control of Arvand Rud (Shatt al-Arab) river. [[Iran–Iraq war]] in the time of [[Ba'ath party]] in Iraq, represents the darkest relations between the countries. Nevertheless, after the fall of Saddam, Iran–Iraq relations improved and strengthened, so that Iran supported Iraq in facing the invasion of [[ISIS]] to this country.