Anonymous user
Iraq: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
imported>E.amini m (→History) |
imported>E.amini mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{under construction}} | al-Mada'in{{under construction}} | ||
{{Iraq}} | {{Iraq}} | ||
The '''Republic of Iraq''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|جمهوریة العراق}}) is a [[Middle East]] country situated in the south west of Asia. The majority of Iraqi people are [[Shi'a]] Muslims mostly located in the south of this country. Iraq is mostly important to Shi'a Muslims because of the holy shrines of six Shi'a [[Imams]] in [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiyya]], and [[Samarra]], as well as other significant places such as the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]] and [[al-Sahla Mosque]]. Religious leadership and [[seminary of Najaf]]. | The '''Republic of Iraq''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|جمهوریة العراق}}) is a [[Middle East]] country situated in the south west of Asia. The majority of Iraqi people are [[Shi'a]] Muslims mostly located in the south of this country. Iraq is mostly important to Shi'a Muslims because of the holy shrines of six Shi'a [[Imams]] in [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiyya]], and [[Samarra]], as well as other significant places such as the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]] and [[al-Sahla Mosque]]. Religious leadership and [[seminary of Najaf]]. | ||
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
Iraq or as was called Mesopotamia includes ancient civilizations of six thousand years old. Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyria, Amorites, and Chaldean were among the first civilizations founded in Iraq thousands of years B.C. Hammurabi is one the most notable Kings of ancient times in Iraq. The Law Code of Hammurabi is regarded the first written and organized law in the world. Babylon was the capital of his empire which was the most prosperous and flourishing city of ancient time. | Iraq or as was called Mesopotamia includes ancient civilizations of six thousand years old. Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyria, Amorites, and Chaldean were among the first civilizations founded in Iraq thousands of years B.C. Hammurabi is one the most notable Kings of ancient times in Iraq. The Law Code of Hammurabi is regarded the first written and organized law in the world. Babylon was the capital of his empire which was the most prosperous and flourishing city of ancient time. | ||
About 500 years B.C, Cyrus (an Achaemenid king) seized the center and north of Mesopotamia as a part of Persian territory. After Achaemenid, Seleucid Empire, Parthian Empire, and Sassanid ruled in Iraq, which became massively important in Sassanid era and Ctesiphon (Tisfun or as called [[Mada'in]] now) became the capital. [[Taq Kasra]] a Sassanid-era monument in Mada'in was built in this time. | About 500 years B.C, Cyrus (an Achaemenid king) seized the center and north of Mesopotamia as a part of Persian territory. After Achaemenid, Seleucid Empire, Parthian Empire, and Sassanid ruled in Iraq, which became massively important in Sassanid era and Ctesiphon (Tisfun or as called [[al-Mada'in]] now) became the capital. [[Taq Kasra]] a Sassanid-era monument in al-Mada'in was built in this time. | ||
Sassanid (226 - 652) ruled in Iraq for four centuries. In [[16]]/637- | Sassanid (226 - 652) ruled in Iraq for four centuries. In [[16]]/637-8 Muslims' army attacked Iraq and defeated [[Iran|Iranian]] army. However Iraq remained as a part of Iran's territory. | ||
===After Islam=== | ===After Islam=== | ||
In [[14]]/ 635- | In [[14]]/ 635-6, al-Mada'in was conquered by Muslims. [[Salman al-Farsi]] and [[Hudhayfa b. Yaman]], [[companions of the Prophet Muhammad (s)]], were governors of al-Mada'in for some years. Iraq was attached to Muslims' territory in the time of the second caliph, [[Umar b. Khattab]]]. Later, [[Imam Ali (a)]] changed his capital from [[Hijaz]] to [[Kufa]] in [[35]]/ 655-656. Three major battles, [[Jamal]], [[Siffin]], and [[Battle of Nahrawan|Nahrawan]] took place in this region. Also, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his [[:Category:companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)|companions]] were [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in [[Karbala]] in [[61]]/ 680 by [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]]. | ||
[[Baghdad]] was the capital of [[Abbasid dynasty]]. Mongols attacked and conquered [[Baghdad]] in [[656]]/ 1258- | [[Baghdad]] was the capital of [[Abbasid dynasty]]. Mongols attacked and conquered [[Baghdad]] in [[656]]/ 1258-9 they controlled it until Aq Quyunlu took over. However [[Safavid]] came and captured Iraq and made it part of [[Iran]]'s territory. Later [[Ottomans]] defeated Iran and they managed to seize Iraq in 1535; which was called the state of Baghdad under Ottomans. | ||
In 1919 Iraq was detached from Ottomans and it was dominated by British. Faysal I, formed Monarchy of Iraq. With long and continuous oppositions and resistance of religious scholars such as [[Mirza Muhammad Taqi Shirazi]], [[Muhammad Khalisi Zadeh]] and [[Ayatollah Kashani]], Iraq became independent in 1932. | In 1919 Iraq was detached from Ottomans and it was dominated by British. Faysal I, formed Monarchy of Iraq. With long and continuous oppositions and resistance of religious scholars such as [[Mirza Muhammad Taqi Shirazi]], [[Muhammad Khalisi Zadeh]] and [[Ayatollah Kashani]], Iraq became independent in 1932. | ||