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Umayyads ([[41]]/661-62 – [[132]]/ 749-50) are a branch of [[Quraysh]] tribe, who are descendants of [[Umayya b. 'Abd Shams b. 'Abd Manaf]]. They came to power in 41/ 661-62 and they ruled over Iraq until 132/749-50. They changed Caliphate to Monarchy. Umayyad caliphs and leader held adversaries against [[Banu Hashim]] which continued throughout their ruling era. [[Mu'awiya]] and [[Yazid I]] were the first caliphs of Umayyad dynasty. | Umayyads ([[41]]/661-62 – [[132]]/ 749-50) are a branch of [[Quraysh]] tribe, who are descendants of [[Umayya b. 'Abd Shams b. 'Abd Manaf]]. They came to power in 41/ 661-62 and they ruled over Iraq until 132/749-50. They changed Caliphate to Monarchy. Umayyad caliphs and leader held adversaries against [[Banu Hashim]] which continued throughout their ruling era. [[Mu'awiya]] and [[Yazid I]] were the first caliphs of Umayyad dynasty. | ||
Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan: He was the first Umayyad caliph. He usurped caliphate from Imam al-Hasan (a) by means of [[the peace treaty]] between them in 41 A.H. He changed the capital from Kufa to [[ | Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan: He was the first Umayyad caliph. He usurped caliphate from Imam al-Hasan (a) by means of [[the peace treaty]] between them in 41 A.H. He changed the capital from Kufa to [[Syria]]. He launched the [[Battle of Siffin]] against [[Imam Ali (a)]]. | ||
Yazid I: He was the second Umayyad caliph who came to power after the death of his father, Mu'awiya. Yazid's parents were fierce enemies of [[the Prophet(s)]] prior to the [[Conquest of Mecca]]. He was the first one chosen by his father to be the next caliph, in a hierarchy fashion. Yazid I was famous for being drunk and playing musical instruments. He had committed many crimes including the [[Battle of Karbala]], the [[Incident of Harra]], and the attack to [[Ka'ba]]. | Yazid I: He was the second Umayyad caliph who came to power after the death of his father, Mu'awiya. Yazid's parents were fierce enemies of [[the Prophet(s)]] prior to the [[Conquest of Mecca]]. He was the first one chosen by his father to be the next caliph, in a hierarchy fashion. Yazid I was famous for being drunk and playing musical instruments. He had committed many crimes including the [[Battle of Karbala]], the [[Incident of Harra]], and the attack to [[Ka'ba]]. | ||