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{{Iraq}} | {{Iraq}} | ||
The '''Republic of Iraq''' (Arabic:{{ia|جمهوریة العراق}}) is a | The '''Republic of Iraq''' (Arabic:{{ia|جمهوریة العراق}}) is a Middle East country situated in the southwest of Asia. The majority of Iraqi people are [[Shi'a]] Muslims mostly located in the south of this country. Iraq is mostly important to Shi'a Muslims because of the holy shrines of six Shi'a [[Imams]] in [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiyya]], and [[Samarra]], as well as other significant places such as the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]] and [[al-Sahla Mosque]]. Religious leadership and [[seminary of Najaf]]. | ||
Crucial historical events took place in Iraq such as the [[Battle of Jamal]], the [[Battle of Siffin]], the [[Battle of Nahrawan]], the [[Battle of Karbala]], and [[Uprising of al-Mukhtar]]. Shi'a rulers always paid enormous attention to the holy shrines of Shi'a Imams in Iraq and they supported rebuilding them throughout the years. | Crucial historical events took place in Iraq such as the [[Battle of Jamal]], the [[Battle of Siffin]], the [[Battle of Nahrawan]], the [[Battle of Karbala]], and [[Uprising of al-Mukhtar]]. Shi'a rulers always paid enormous attention to the holy shrines of Shi'a Imams in Iraq and they supported rebuilding them throughout the years. | ||
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Originality of Shi'ism in Iraq goes back to the time of [[Imam Ali (a)]], where it became expanded and stretched in other territories such as [[Iran]]. Although Shi'ite government were ruling in Iraq, including [[Hamdani]], [[Buyid]], and [[Safavid]], they were merely influential in administrative affairs. However by the time [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] established their government, Shi'ite Muslims were removed from political authorities. Then after the occupation of Iraq by British militaries, again Shi'a Muslims played an active role. [[Al-Da'wa party]], an influential political party in Iraq, was founded in that time, which kept Shi'a Muslims active and helped them to play a crucial role in achieving independence of Iraq. Also [[Muhammad Taqi Shirazi]], a grand religious scholar, issued a [[fatwa]] of [[Jihad]] against British military soldiers in Iraq. | Originality of Shi'ism in Iraq goes back to the time of [[Imam Ali (a)]], where it became expanded and stretched in other territories such as [[Iran]]. Although Shi'ite government were ruling in Iraq, including [[Hamdani]], [[Buyid]], and [[Safavid]], they were merely influential in administrative affairs. However by the time [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] established their government, Shi'ite Muslims were removed from political authorities. Then after the occupation of Iraq by British militaries, again Shi'a Muslims played an active role. [[Al-Da'wa party]], an influential political party in Iraq, was founded in that time, which kept Shi'a Muslims active and helped them to play a crucial role in achieving independence of Iraq. Also [[Muhammad Taqi Shirazi]], a grand religious scholar, issued a [[fatwa]] of [[Jihad]] against British military soldiers in Iraq. | ||
After the occupation of Iraq by the United States and the fall of [[Saddam]] in 2003, again Shi'a Muslims came back to political stage in Iraq. According to the new constitutional law of Iraq, Prime minister must be chosen from Shi'a Muslims; since then three Shi'a Prime minister of Iraq were chosen from Islamic Da'wa party. [[Ayatollah]] [[sayyid Ali al-Sistani]] is regarded the most notable [[Marja']] in Iraq. Shi'a Muslims from all over the world visit Iraq in order to make pilgrimage to Imam's (a) shrines in this country. Today, the most populated gathering of Shi'a Muslims is held in [[Karbala]] in [[Arba'in]]. | After the occupation of Iraq by the United States and the fall of [[Saddam]] in 2003, again Shi'a Muslims came back to political stage in Iraq. According to the new constitutional law of Iraq, Prime minister must be chosen from Shi'a Muslims; since then three Shi'a Prime minister of Iraq were chosen from Islamic Da'wa party. | ||
[[Ayatollah]] [[sayyid Ali al-Sistani]] is regarded the most notable [[Marja']] in Iraq. Shi'a Muslims from all over the world visit Iraq in order to make pilgrimage to Imam's (a) shrines in this country. Today, the most populated gathering of Shi'a Muslims is held in [[Karbala]] in [[Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Arba'in]]. | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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|35.000.000|| 30.428.000|| 22.000.000 - 198.800.000||65-75 ٪|| 2009||PEW institute | |35.000.000|| 30.428.000|| 22.000.000 - 198.800.000||65-75 ٪|| 2009||PEW institute | ||
|- | |- | ||
||| 30.428.000||198.800.000|||||| Ganjineh magazine of Ahl al-Bayt (a) World Assembly | ||| 30.428.000||198.800.000|||||| Ganjineh magazine of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a) World Assembly]] | ||
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===Turkmens of Iraq=== | ===Turkmens of Iraq=== | ||
{{Main|Turkmens of Iraq}} | {{Main|Turkmens of Iraq}} | ||
Turkmens of Iraq are mainly followers of [[Shi'ism]]. It is said that Shi'ism among Turkmens goes back to the time of King Ruh, a descendant of Timur. When Qaraquyunlu government, led by Jahan Shah, conquered [[Baghdad]] and northern regions of Iraq, he was then able to expand his ruling territory to the south of Iraq. Afterwards, Turkmens of Iraq expanded Shi'ism among Iraqi people and also Turkmens in other regions. Later, [[Shah Ismail Safavi|Isma'il]], a [[Safavid]] ruler, strengthened Shi'ism in Iraq. Currently Shi'a Turkmens are living in [[Tal 'Afar]], [[Daquq]], [[Khurmatu]], and Bashir region near Kirkuk. Besides, a number of Shi'a Turkmen are living in [[Sunni]] settled cities such as Altun Kupri, Kirkuk, and Kufri. | Turkmens of Iraq are mainly followers of [[Shi'ism]]. It is said that Shi'ism among Turkmens goes back to the time of King Ruh, a descendant of Timur. When Qaraquyunlu government, led by Jahan Shah, conquered [[Baghdad]] and northern regions of Iraq, he was then able to expand his ruling territory to the south of Iraq. Afterwards, Turkmens of Iraq expanded Shi'ism among Iraqi people and also Turkmens in other regions. Later, [[Shah Ismail Safavi|Isma'il]], a [[Safavid]] ruler, strengthened Shi'ism in Iraq. Currently Shi'a Turkmens are living in [[Tal 'Afar]], [[Daquq]], [[Khurmatu]], and Bashir region near Kirkuk. Besides, a number of Shi'a Turkmen are living in [[Sunni]] settled cities such as Altun, Kupri, Kirkuk, and Kufri. | ||
Alid, Bektashi, and Sarali are the main sects of Shi'ism among Turkmen; after the occupation of Iraq by English army they regularly visited [[Karbala]] and [[Najaf]] as a result they held solid relations with Fiqahat Shi'ism. However, Shi'a Turkmen were living in harsh situations in the time of [[Ba'ath regime]]. [[Saddam]] tried to persuade and convince them to support him but he failed. Thus he decided to prosecute and exile a large number of them. | Alid, Bektashi, and Sarali are the main sects of Shi'ism among Turkmen; after the occupation of Iraq by English army they regularly visited [[Karbala]] and [[Najaf]] as a result they held solid relations with Fiqahat Shi'ism. However, Shi'a Turkmen were living in harsh situations in the time of [[Ba'ath regime]]. [[Saddam]] tried to persuade and convince them to support him but he failed. Thus he decided to prosecute and exile a large number of them. | ||
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===Fayli Kurds=== | ===Fayli Kurds=== | ||
{{Main|Fayli Kurds}} | {{Main|Fayli Kurds}} | ||
Shi'a Kurds are currently settling in Diyala province particularly in Khanaqin region and 'Aqd al-akrad in [[Baghdad]]; they are called Fayli Kurds in Iraq who are all followers of Shi'ism. Previously they were all living in Diyala, but after facing hostilities from Ba'ath regime they emigrated to Baghdad and its neighboring regions. They are a branch of Nomadic tribes from Ilam and Kermanshah in [[Iran]], so they are not related to Kurds living in the north of Iraq; they are politically independent. As they regularly visited Iran, they learned Farsi and they can speak Arabic and Turkish as well. A large number of them are presently living in Kirkuk and Irbil. Also some Iranians living in Ilam Province are Fayli Kurds. According To [[Rasul Ja'farian]], a historian, the population of Fayli Kurds is about one million. In the time of Saddam, they introduced themselves as Arabs and they hid the fact of being Shi'a Muslim. After the fall of Saddam, they became politically active as Islamic | Shi'a Kurds are currently settling in Diyala province particularly in Khanaqin region and 'Aqd al-akrad in [[Baghdad]]; they are called Fayli Kurds in Iraq who are all followers of Shi'ism. Previously they were all living in Diyala, but after facing hostilities from Ba'ath regime they emigrated to Baghdad and its neighboring regions. They are a branch of Nomadic tribes from Ilam and Kermanshah in [[Iran]], so they are not related to Kurds living in the north of Iraq; they are politically independent. As they regularly visited Iran, they learned Farsi and they can speak Arabic and Turkish as well. A large number of them are presently living in Kirkuk and Irbil. Also some Iranians living in Ilam Province are Fayli Kurds. According To [[Rasul Ja'farian]], a historian, the population of Fayli Kurds is about one million. In the time of Saddam, they introduced themselves as Arabs and they hid the fact of being Shi'a Muslim. After the fall of Saddam, they became politically active as [[Fayli Kurd Islamic Union]]. A number of expelled Iranians from Iraq in the time of Saddam were Fayli Kurds. | ||
===Shabak=== | ===Shabak=== | ||