Iraq: Difference between revisions

Iraq was part of Persia's territory in ancient time. After the foundation of Ottoman's government in Istanbul, Iraq was conquered frequently by Iran and Ottoman's armies. Shah Isma'il, a Safavid ruler, conquered Baghdad in 914/1508. However Iraq was seized by Ottoman's ruler Sultan Murad IV in 1059/1649; it was the last time that Iran ruled over Iraq. After the fall of Ottoman's dynasty, Tehran and Baghdad had conflicts over [[Arvand Rud]]. Later in 1937 they reached an agreement to settle the conflicts on this river which kept them in peace until 1958.

When Ba'ath regime came to power, conflicts between the two countries resumed. Ba'ath began expulsion of a thousand Iranian settlers in Iraq, while they welcomed Teymur Bakhtiyar, the former head of Savak Agency of Iran. These incidents intensified the hostilities between Iraq and Iraq. 1975 Algiers Agreement between Iraq and Iran temporarily ended their disputes. The invasion of Iraq in 1980 to Iran started the darkest time between the countries which led to an eight-year war. However after Ba'ath government collapsed in the invasion of the United States army, political, social and economic relations between Iraq and Iran resumed into its normal conditions. Currently Iran is supporting Iraq in recent years after the attacks of ISIS to northern parts of this country.

[[Mirza Muhammad Taqi al-Shirazi]] issued a [[Jihad]] [[fatwa]] against British occupiers in Iraq, accordingly Iraqi and Iranian people including [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Yazdi]], [[Sayyid Ali Damad Tabrizi]], [[Shari'at Isfahani]], [[Mirza Muhammad Shirazi]] and [[Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari]] attended the battle and fought against British troops. On the other hand, the British exiled a number of religious leaders of Iraq including [[Mirza Muhammad Shirazi]], [[Shaykh Jawad Zanjani]], Muhammad Taqi Khwansari and [[Abd al-Karim Puyan]] to Hingam Island. When Ayatollah Shirazi passed away, [[Shari'at Isfahani]] was chosen as the new leader of the opposition against the English which started a new wave of encounters. Afterwards [[al-Shaykh Muhammad al-Khalisi]] along with a number of religious leaders were exiled to [[Qom]] in Iran.

===Iranians Settlers in Iraq===

A number of Iranians immigrated to Iraq many years ago, they were living in Karbala, Najaf, and Kadhimiyya near Baghdad. A number of them were forced to leave Iraq in the time of Saddam's government. However after the fall of [[Ba'ath regime]] some of them returned back to Iraq.

[[Hakim family]] with Iranian origins, are a well-known Shi'ite family who are prominent in scientific and political areas. Their ancestor al-Sayyid Ali al-Hakim, the son of al-Sayyid Murad b. Sayyid Shah Asad Allah, was the special doctor of Shah Abbas I Safavid. He accompanied Shah Abbas in his visit to Najaf but he stayed there due to medical needs of people. Thus he was known as al-Sayyid Ali al-Hakim (Hakim means doctor in Arabic).

A number of Arab and Kurd Iraqi people have immigrated to Iran in recent decades. According to an official census in 2001, about two hundred and three thousand Iraqi people were living in Iran. Some sources believe about five hundred thousand Iraqi people live in Iran. A large part of them have become Iranian citizens and they are mainly living in Qom, Tehran, Khuzistan and Khorasan. Nevertheless some of them returned to Iraq after the fall of Saddam Husayn's regime.