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Imam al-Husayn's (a) Sermon in Mina: Difference between revisions
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'''Imām Ḥusayn (a)'s sermon in Minā''' is a fiery, critical khutba or sermon by [[Imam Husayn (a)]] in 58 A.H. (677), two years before [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]]'s death, against the deviations of the [[Umayyad]] government from the right path. The significance of such a sermon in [[Mina]] during the [[hajj]] period was because of its disclosures against Mu'awiya's government. The sermon was delivered to [[Sahaba]] and [[Tabi'un]] and some scholars take it to be evidence that Imam Husayn (a) already had plans for his uprising in [[Karbala]]. The first part of Imam Husayn (a)'s sermon in Mina was cited by [[Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali]] in his book, and the second and the third parts were cited by [[Hasan b. Shu'ba al-Harrani]] in ''[[Tuhaf al-'uqul]]'' and [['Allam Majlisi]] in ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''. | '''Imām Ḥusayn (a)'s sermon in Minā''' is a fiery, critical khutba or sermon by [[Imam Husayn (a)]] in 58 A.H. (677), two years before [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]]'s death, against the deviations of the [[Umayyad]] government from the right path. The significance of such a sermon in [[Mina]] during the [[hajj]] period was because of its disclosures against Mu'awiya's government. The sermon was delivered to [[Sahaba]] and [[Tabi'un]] and some scholars take it to be evidence that Imam Husayn (a) already had plans for his uprising in [[Karbala]]. The first part of Imam Husayn (a)'s sermon in Mina was cited by [[Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali]] in his book, and the second and the third parts were cited by [[Hasan b. Shu'ba al-Harrani]] in ''[[Tuhaf al-'uqul]]'' and [['Allam Majlisi]] in ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''. | ||
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==Doubts about the continuity of the sermon== | ==Doubts about the continuity of the sermon== | ||
Some people believe that the sermon cited in Tuhaf al-'uqul is a different sermon that was delivered by [[Imam Husayn (a)]] in another year. The evidence for this view is taken to be the content of the two sermons and their different audiences. | Some people believe that the sermon cited in Tuhaf al-'uqul is a different sermon that was delivered by [[Imam Husayn (a)]] in another year. The evidence for this view is taken to be the content of the two sermons and their different audiences. | ||
==The historical background of the sermon== | ==The historical background of the sermon== | ||
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Imam Husayn (a) recited and interpreted all Quranic verses concerning their virtues as well as what [[the Prophet (s)]] had said about his father and mother and his household. The Prophet (s)'s [[Sahaba]] verified all these by saying: "yes, we swear to God that we heard these remarks from the Prophet (s) and we testify for that", and [[Tabi'un]] said: "we swear to God that we heard these remarks from righteous and trustworthy Sahaba". Then Imam Husayn (a) said: "I swear you to God that you convey these remarks to anyone whom you trust". According to Sulaym, one of these remarks was that [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] was the Prophet (s)'s brother. When the Prophet (s) made the [[Pact of Brotherhood]] between pairs of his Sahaba, he made a pact between 'Ali and himself by saying to 'Ali: "you are my brother and I am your brother in this world and the afterlife" and 'Ali (a) replied: yes. | Imam Husayn (a) recited and interpreted all Quranic verses concerning their virtues as well as what [[the Prophet (s)]] had said about his father and mother and his household. The Prophet (s)'s [[Sahaba]] verified all these by saying: "yes, we swear to God that we heard these remarks from the Prophet (s) and we testify for that", and [[Tabi'un]] said: "we swear to God that we heard these remarks from righteous and trustworthy Sahaba". Then Imam Husayn (a) said: "I swear you to God that you convey these remarks to anyone whom you trust". According to Sulaym, one of these remarks was that [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] was the Prophet (s)'s brother. When the Prophet (s) made the [[Pact of Brotherhood]] between pairs of his Sahaba, he made a pact between 'Ali and himself by saying to 'Ali: "you are my brother and I am your brother in this world and the afterlife" and 'Ali (a) replied: yes. | ||
He then said: I swear you to God, you know that the Prophet (s) purchased the location of his mosque and houses and built 10 rooms there, 9 rooms for himself and one room in the middle for my father, 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a), and he then closed all the doors to the mosque except that of my father's room. Some Muslims talked to the Prophet (s) about this and the Prophet (s) said: "I did not close your doors and keep 'Ali's door open except by the divine order. Then the Prophet (s) banned sleeping in the mosque except for 'Ali (a). Now [[janaba]] occurred in the mosque, his house and the Prophet (s)'s houses and they had children in these houses. People said: yes. Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that [['Umar b. Khattab]] liked to open a small window, the size of his eye, from his house to the mosque, but the Prophet (s) did not allow him to do so saying that: God has commanded me to build a clean mosque in which nobody resides except me and my brother and his children. People confirmed: yes. | He then said: I swear you to God, you know that the Prophet (s) purchased the location of his mosque and houses and built 10 rooms there, 9 rooms for himself and one room in the middle for my father, 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a), and he then closed all the doors to the mosque except that of my father's room. Some Muslims talked to the Prophet (s) about this and the Prophet (s) said: "I did not close your doors and keep 'Ali's door open except by the divine order. Then the Prophet (s) banned sleeping in the mosque except for 'Ali (a). Now [[janaba]] occurred in the mosque, his house and the Prophet (s)'s houses and they had children in these houses. People said: yes. Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that [['Umar b. Khattab]] liked to open a small window, the size of his eye, from his house to the mosque, but the Prophet (s) did not allow him to do so saying that: God has commanded me to build a clean mosque in which nobody resides except me and my brother and his children. People confirmed: yes. | ||
Then Imam Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) had appointed 'Ali (a) for [[wilaya]] and told his audience to propagate this message to others? People said: yes, we swear to God. Imam Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) told Imam 'Ali (a) in the [[Battle of Tabuk]]: "you are to me like [[Aron (a)]] to [[Moses (a)]], and you are the ruler of every believer after me"? People said: yes, we swear to God. Imam Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that when the Prophet (s) called [[Najran]]'s Nazareth for [[mubahala]], he only took with him 'Ali (a) and his wife, [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and their sons, [[Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] and [[Husayn b. 'Ali (a)]]? They said: yes, we swear to God. He said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) gave the flag to 'Ali (a) on the [[Khaybar]] day, saying that "I give the flag to someone who is loved by God and the Prophet (s) and who loves God and the Prophet (s); who continuously attacks the enemy and never escapes and God conquers the Khaybar fort by his hands? They said: yes, we swear to God. | Then Imam Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) had appointed 'Ali (a) for [[wilaya]] and told his audience to propagate this message to others? People said: yes, we swear to God. Imam Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) told Imam 'Ali (a) in the [[Battle of Tabuk]]: "you are to me like [[Aron (a)]] to [[Moses (a)]], and you are the ruler of every believer after me"? People said: yes, we swear to God. Imam Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that when the Prophet (s) called [[Najran]]'s Nazareth for [[mubahala]], he only took with him 'Ali (a) and his wife, [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and their sons, [[Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]] and [[Husayn b. 'Ali (a)]]? They said: yes, we swear to God. He said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) gave the flag to 'Ali (a) on the [[Khaybar]] day, saying that "I give the flag to someone who is loved by God and the Prophet (s) and who loves God and the Prophet (s); who continuously attacks the enemy and never escapes and God conquers the Khaybar fort by his hands? They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that the Prophet (s) sent 'Ali (a) for the announcement of [[Bara'a Verses]] and said: "nobody announces [this message] except me or someone from me"? They said: yes, we swear to God. | Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that the Prophet (s) sent 'Ali (a) for the announcement of [[Bara'a Verses]] and said: "nobody announces [this message] except me or someone from me"? They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
He said: do you know that the Prophet (s) judged between 'Ali (a), Ja'far and Zayd and said: "Ali! You are from me and I am from you, and you are the leader of every believer after me." They said: yes, we swear to God. | He said: do you know that the Prophet (s) judged between 'Ali (a), Ja'far and Zayd and said: "Ali! You are from me and I am from you, and you are the leader of every believer after me." They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
Then Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that 'Ali (a) had private meetings with the Prophet (s) every day and met him every night in his house, and whenever he asked the Prophet (s) a question, he answered him, and when he did not speak, the Prophet (s) began to talk? They said: yes, we swear to God. | Then Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that 'Ali (a) had private meetings with the Prophet (s) every day and met him every night in his house, and whenever he asked the Prophet (s) a question, he answered him, and when he did not speak, the Prophet (s) began to talk? They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
Then Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that the Prophet (s) preferred 'Ali to Ja'far and [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] when he told Fatima al-Zahra (a): "I marry you to the best man in my household whose belief in Islam is earlier than all, whose patience is greater than all, and whose knowledge is more than all? They said: yes, we swear to God. | Then Imam Husayn (a) said: do you know that the Prophet (s) preferred 'Ali to Ja'far and [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] when he told Fatima al-Zahra (a): "I marry you to the best man in my household whose belief in Islam is earlier than all, whose patience is greater than all, and whose knowledge is more than all? They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
He then said: do you know that the Prophet (s) said: "I am the head of all the children of [[Adam (a)]] and my brother, 'Ali (a), is the head of all Arabs, Fatima (a) is the head of all women in the Heaven, and my sons, Hasan and Husayn (a), are the heads of all young people in the Heaven"? The audience said: yes, we swear to God. | He then said: do you know that the Prophet (s) said: "I am the head of all the children of [[Adam (a)]] and my brother, 'Ali (a), is the head of all Arabs, Fatima (a) is the head of all women in the Heaven, and my sons, Hasan and Husayn (a), are the heads of all young people in the Heaven"? The audience said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
Imam Husayn (a) went on: do you know that the Prophet (s) told 'Ali (a) to wash his corpse after his death and told him that [[Gabriel]] will help him in this? They said: yes, we swear to God. | Imam Husayn (a) went on: do you know that the Prophet (s) told 'Ali (a) to wash his corpse after his death and told him that [[Gabriel]] will help him in this? They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||
He said: do you know that the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon to people in the last days of his life and said: "I will leave among you two precious things (thaqalayn): the Book of God (the [[Quran]]) and my kindred ('itra); appeal to them in order not to be misled"? They said: yes, we swear to God. | He said: do you know that the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon to people in the last days of his life and said: "I will leave among you two precious things (thaqalayn): the Book of God (the [[Quran]]) and my kindred ('itra); appeal to them in order not to be misled"? They said: yes, we swear to God. | ||