Imam al-Husayn's (a) Sermon in Mina: Difference between revisions

Imam al-Husayn's (a) Sermon in Mina (view source)

Revision as of 08:36, 13 August 2016

42 bytes removed , 13 August 2016

m

no edit summary

VisualWikitext

Anonymous user

imported>E.amini

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Here are some headlines of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)|Imam al-Husayn's (a)]] sermon in [[Mina]]:
-* The virtues of [[Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (a)]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]].
+* The virtues of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]].
 * The call to enjoining the good and forbidding the wrong ([[al-amr bi l-ma'ruf wa al-nahy 'an al-munkar]]) and the significance of this Islamic obligation.
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 Here are some issues about which Imam al-Husayn (a) talked in this sermon: verses of the [[Qur'an]] as well as [[hadith|hadiths]] regarding the [[:Category:Excellences of Ahl al-Bayt (a)|virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], especially [[:Category:Excellences of Imam Ali (a)|Imam Ali (a)]]; the story of [[Sadd al-Abwab]] (Closing the Doors); the [[Event of Ghadir Khumm]]; [[Mubahala]]; the [[Conquest of Khaybar]] by Imam Ali (a); [[Hadith al-Thaqalayn]]; the obligation of scholars to resist cruel rulers; enjoining the good and forbidding the wrong; the reconciliation of the elders with cruel rulers and their failure to resist the violation of the pact of God and His [[Prophet (s)]]; reproaching the attachment to this world; and deceptions of the rulers.
-At the end of the sermon, Imam al-Husayn (a) says: "O God! You know that everything we did was not prompted by the competition for the power, nor for a search for the worthless wealth of this world; rather it was done to demonstrate to men the shining principles and values of Your religion, to reform the affairs of Your land, to protect and secure the indisputable rights of Your oppressed servants, and to act in accordance with the duties, traditions and ordinances You have decreed."
+At the end of the sermon, Imam al-Husayn (a) says: "O God! You know that everything we did was not prompted by the competition for the power, nor for a search for the worthless wealth of this world; rather it was done to demonstrate to men the shining principles and values of Your religion, to reform the affairs of Your land, to protect and secure the indisputable rights of Your oppressed servants, and to act in accordance with the duties, traditions, and ordinances You have decreed."
 ==Sources of the Sermon==
 Since the sermon consisted of three independent parts, many scholars of [[hadith]] and history have only cited part of it that they were concerned with. Some have only cited one sentence or just referred to the content of the sermon; for example:
-.	[[Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali]] (d. [[76]] or [[90]]/ 695 or 709) only cites the first part of the sermon; he also mentions the date and the location of the sermon.
+.	[[Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali]] (d. [[76]] or [[90]]/ 695-6 or 709-10) only cites the first part of the sermon; he also mentions the date and the location of the sermon.
-.	[[Hasan b. Shu'ba al-Harrani]]—a scholar of hadith in the fourth/10th century — cites in his [[Tuhaf al-'uqul]]—only the second and the third parts of the sermon. In his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[al-'Allama Majlisi]] cites what is cited in ''[[Tuhaf al-'uqul]]''.
+.	[[Hasan b. Shu'ba al-Harrani]]—a scholar of hadith in the fourth/10th century — cites in his ''[[Tuhaf al-'uqul]]''—only the second and the third parts of the sermon. In his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] cites what is cited in ''Tuhaf al-'uqul''.
-.	[[Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabrisi]] (d. [[588]]/1192) refers to the motivation of this sermon as being the injustice of [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] and cites a short summary of its content. The sermon was delivered two years before Mu'awiya's death in [[Mina]] and the audience was over one thousand religious characters of the time.
+.	[[Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabrisi]] (d. [[588]]/1192-3) refers to the motivation of this sermon as being the injustice of [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] and cites a short summary of its content. The sermon was delivered two years before Mu'awiya's death in [[Mina]] and the audience was over one thousand religious characters of the time.
 ===Doubts About the Continuity of the Sermon===
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 In the third letter, Mu'awiya told people to find whoever showed a little advocacy of Imam Ali (a) and his household, remove them from the book of salaries and allowances, and cut their shares from the treasury ([[bayt al-mal]]). And in the fourth letter, he told people to put advocates of Imam Ali (a) under a lot of pressure and destroy their houses.
-==Significance of the Sermon==
+==Significance==
 According to [[Muhammad Sadiq Najmi]], what is important about the sermon, besides its content, is its time, location, and audience: prominent Muslim figures, elite men and women from [[Banu Hashim]], about 200 people from [[Ansar]] and [[Muhajirun]] who were the companions of the Prophet (s), and about 800 people from [[Sahaba]]'s children (and people who had met the Sahaba), that is, [[Tabi'un]].
 The sermon was an enclosure of Mu'awiya's deviations and a preliminary for the [[Event of Karbala]]. With this sermon addressed to such a large audience, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] propagated his message to different Islamic lands.
-==Text of the Sermon==
+==Text==
-According to [[Sulaym b. Qays]], one year before Mu'awiya's death, [[Husayn b. Ali (a)]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]] and [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]] went to [[hajj]]. Imam al-Husayn (a) gathered men and women and friends of Banu Hashim as well as some people from [[Ansar]] who knew him and his household. He then sent some people and said: bring to me all the righteous Sahaba who have come to hajj this year.
+According to Sulaym b. Qays, one year before Mu'awiya's death, [[Husayn b. Ali (a)]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]] and [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]] went to [[hajj]]. Imam al-Husayn (a) gathered men and women and friends of Banu Hashim as well as some people from [[Ansar]] who knew him and his household. He then sent some people and said: bring to me all the righteous Sahaba who have come to hajj this year.
-After the invitation, over 700 people gathered in [[Mina]] around Imam al-Husayn (a)'s camp; most of them were Tabi'un (people who met the prophet (s)'s companions) and about 200 of them were Sahaba. Imam al-Husayn (a) stood up in order to deliver his sermon; after praising God, he said:
+After the invitation, over 700 people gathered in Mina around Imam al-Husayn's (a) camp; most of them were Tabi'un (people who met the prophet's (s) companions) and about 200 of them were Sahaba. Imam al-Husayn (a) stood up in order to deliver his sermon; after praising God, he said:
 ===First Part of the Sermon===
 "And then, this rebel [that is, Mu'awiya] did to us and our Shi'as [followers] what you have witnessed. I want to ask you something; if I am right, confirm me, and if I am mistaken, then correct me. I swear you to God, the Prophet (s) and my kinship with him that you propagate my message when you return to your lands and invite those people in your tribes that you trust."
-According to another version: "return to your cities and tribes and invite people whom you trust to what you know about us and our right, since I fear that my right obsolesces and fades away: "Allah will complete his light, even though the unbelievers may detest (it)"" (the Qur'an, 61:8).
+According to another version: "return to your cities and tribes and invite people whom you trust to what you know about us and our right, since I fear that my right obsolesces and fades away: "Allah will complete his light, even though the unbelievers may detest (it)" (the Qur'an, 61:8).
-Imam al-Husayn (a) recited and interpreted all Qur'anic verses concerning [[Ahl al-Bayt]]'s (a) virtues as well as what the [[Prophet (s)]] had said about his father and mother and his household. The Prophet (s)'s [[Sahaba]] verified all these by saying: "yes, we swear to God that we heard these remarks from the Prophet (s) and we testify for that", and [[Tabi'un]] said: "we swear to God that we heard these remarks from righteous and trustworthy Sahaba". Then Imam al-Husayn (a) said: "I swear you to God that you convey these remarks to anyone whom you trust". According to Sulaym, Imam swear them to God and asked: Do you know that [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] was the Prophet (s)'s brother when he (s) made the [[Pact of Brotherhood]] between pairs of his Sahaba, he made a pact between Ali and himself by saying to Ali: "you are my brother and I am your brother in this world and the afterlife?" They replied: yes.
+Imam al-Husayn (a) recited and interpreted all Qur'anic verses concerning [[Ahl al-Bayt]]'s (a) virtues as well as what the [[Prophet (s)]] had said about his father and mother and his household. The Prophet (s)'s [[Sahaba]] verified all these by saying: "yes, we swear to God that we heard these remarks from the Prophet (s) and we testify for that", and [[Tabi'un]] said: "we swear to God that we heard these remarks from righteous and trustworthy Sahaba". Then Imam al-Husayn (a) said: "I swear you to God that you convey these remarks to anyone whom you trust". According to Sulaym, Imam swear them to God and asked: Do you know that [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] was the Prophet's (s) brother when he (s) made the [[Pact of Brotherhood]] between pairs of his Sahaba, he made a pact between Ali (a) and himself by saying to Ali: "you are my brother and I am your brother in this world and the afterlife?" They replied: yes.
-He then said: I swear you to God, you know that the [[Prophet (s)]] purchased the location of his mosque and houses and built 10 rooms there, 9 rooms for himself and one room in the middle for my father, [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]], and he then closed all the doors to the mosque except that of my father's room. Some Muslims talked to the Prophet (s) about this and the Prophet (s) said: "I did not close your doors and keep Ali's door open except by the Divine order. Then the Prophet (s) banned sleeping in the mosque except for Ali (a). Now [[janaba]] occurred in the mosque, his house and the Prophet (s)'s houses and they had children in these houses. People said: yes. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: do you know that [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] liked to open a small window, the size of his eye, from his house to the mosque, but the Prophet (s) did not allow him to do so saying that: God has commanded me to build a clean mosque in which nobody resides except me and my brother and his children. People confirmed: yes.
+He then said: I swear you to God, you know that the Prophet (s) purchased the location of his mosque and houses and built 10 rooms there, 9 rooms for himself and one room in the middle for my father, Ali b. Abi Talib (a), and he then closed all the doors to the mosque except that of my father's room. Some Muslims talked to the Prophet (s) about this and the Prophet (s) said: "I did not close your doors and keep Ali's door open except by the Divine order. Then the Prophet (s) banned sleeping in the mosque except for Ali (a). Now [[janaba]] occurred in the mosque, his house and the Prophet's (s) houses and they had children in these houses. People said: yes. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: do you know that [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] liked to open a small window, the size of his eye, from his house to the mosque, but the Prophet (s) did not allow him to do so saying that: God has commanded me to build a clean mosque in which nobody resides except me and my brother and his children. People confirmed: yes.
 Then Imam al-Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) had appointed Ali (a) for [[wilaya]] and told his audience to propagate this message to others? People said: yes, we swear to God. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) told Imam Ali (a) in the [[Battle of Tabuk]]: "you are to me like [[Aaron (a)]] to [[Moses (a)]], and you are the ruler of every believer after me"? People said: yes, we swear to God. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: I swear you to God, do you know that when the Prophet (s) called [[Najran]]'s Nazareth for [[mubahala]], he only took with him Ali (a) and his wife, [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and their sons, [[Hasan b. Ali (a)]] and [[Husayn b. Ali (a)]]? They said: yes, we swear to God. He said: I swear you to God, do you know that the Prophet (s) gave the flag to Ali (a) on the [[Khaybar]] day, saying that "I give the flag to someone who is loved by God and the Prophet (s) and who loves God and the Prophet (s); who continuously attacks the enemy and never escapes and God conquers the Khaybar fort by his hands? They said: yes, we swear to God.