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Asma' bt. Umays: Difference between revisions
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::{{about|'''Asma' bt. 'Umays'''|other people named '''Asma''''|Asma' (disambiguation)}} | ::{{about|'''Asma' bt. 'Umays'''|other people named '''Asma''''|Asma' (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Infobox sahaba | {{Infobox sahaba | ||
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==Birth and Lineage== | ==Birth and Lineage== | ||
Her father, 'Umays b. Ma'd, was from the tribe of [[Khath'am]] and her mother was Hind bt. 'Awn b. Zuhayr al-Himyari. There is no information about her birth date. | Her father, 'Umays b. Ma'd, was from the tribe of [[Khath'am]] and her mother was Hind bt. 'Awn b. Zuhayr al-Himyari.<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Nasab al-muʿid wa Yaman al-kabīr'', vol. 1, p. 356, 358.</ref> There is no information about her birth date. | ||
==Islam and Immigration== | ==Islam and Immigration== | ||
She embraced Islam along with her husband, [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]]; so she was among the first Muslims. | She embraced Islam along with her husband, [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]];<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 346.</ref> so she was among the first Muslims. | ||
Seven years after [[Mab'ath]], she immigrated to [[Abyssinia]] with her husband, Ja'far b. Abi Talib. She and other immigrants returned to [[Medina]] in 7/628-9. Her husband, Ja'far, was martyred in [[8]]/629 in the [[Battle of Muta]]. | Seven years after [[Mab'ath]], she immigrated to [[Abyssinia]] with her husband, Ja'far b. Abi Talib. She and other immigrants returned to [[Medina]] in 7/628-9. Her husband, Ja'far, was martyred in [[8]]/629 in the [[Battle of Muta]]. | ||
Then, she married [[Abu Bakr]] and she gave birth to [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]] in the year of [[Hajjat al-Wida'|farewell Hajj]] ([[10]]/632). During the Prophet's fatal illness, she was present at his bedside. | Then, she married [[Abu Bakr]] and she gave birth to [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]] in the year of [[Hajjat al-Wida'|farewell Hajj]] ([[10]]/632). During the Prophet's fatal illness, she was present at his bedside.<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Nasab al-muʿid wa Yaman al-kabīr'', vol. 4, p. 300; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 545.</ref> | ||
After the death of Abu Bakr, She married [[Imam Ali (a)]]. According to al-Kalbi, she had two children from Imam Ali (a): Yahya and 'Awn. Yahya died in his childhood. There are disagreemtns about 'Awn. Some said that he has been mistaken for [['Awn b. Ja'far]] and mentioned Muhammad instead of 'Awn. | After the death of Abu Bakr, She married [[Imam Ali (a)]]. According to al-Kalbi,<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Nasab al-muʿid wa Yaman al-kabīr'', vol. 4, p. 300.</ref> she had two children from Imam Ali (a): Yahya and 'Awn.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 280, 285; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 447.</ref> Yahya died in his childhood.<ref>Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 21.</ref> There are disagreemtns about 'Awn. Some said that he has been mistaken for [['Awn b. Ja'far]] and mentioned Muhammad instead of 'Awn.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 210; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1785; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 5, p. 154.</ref> | ||
==Children== | ==Children== | ||
She gave birth to three children, called [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], Muhammad, and 'Awn, from her first husband, Ja'far b. Abi Talib, while they were in Abyssinia. | She gave birth to three children, called [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], Muhammad, and 'Awn, from her first husband,<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Nasab al-muʿid wa Yaman al-kabīr'', vol. 1, p. 358.</ref> Ja'far b. Abi Talib, while they were in Abyssinia. | ||
She gave birth to [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr|Muhammad]] from her second husband, Abu Bakr. Then, she gave birth to Yahya and 'Awn from her third husband, Imam Ali (a). | She gave birth to [[Muhammad b. Abi Bakr|Muhammad]] from her second husband, Abu Bakr. Then, she gave birth to Yahya and 'Awn from her third husband, Imam Ali (a).<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahā al-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 298-299.</ref> | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
There is no record about the exact date of her demise. However, [[38]]/658-59 and after [[60]]/679 were mentioned in some sources. In an account, it is only mentioned that she was alive after the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a) ([[40]]/661). | There is no record about the exact date of her demise. However, [[38]]/658-59 and after [[60]]/679 were mentioned in some sources.<ref>Ṣafdī, ''al-Wāfī bi l-Wafīyāt'', vol. 9, p. 53; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 7, p. 331.</ref> In an account, it is only mentioned that she was alive after the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a) ([[40]]/661).<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 287; Ibn Ḥajar, ''Taqrīb al-tahdhīb'', vol. 2, p. 589.</ref> | ||
==Presence in Funeral of Lady Fatima (s)== | ==Presence in Funeral of Lady Fatima (s)== | ||
One of the most important and salient points in her life was her relation with Imam Ali's (a) family. She was one of the few people who were allowed to be present in the nocturnal funeral of [[Lady Fatima (a)]]. It is even said that she was present in the [[Marriage of Imam 'Ali (a) and Lady Fatima (a)|wedding ceremony of Imam Ali (a) and Lady Fatima (a)]]; however according to date of this wedding in [[2]]/624 and her return from Abyssinia in 8, it is highly unlikely. | One of the most important and salient points in her life was her relation with Imam Ali's (a) family. She was one of the few people who were allowed to be present in the nocturnal funeral of [[Lady Fatima (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 405; Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak'', vol. 3, p. 163-164.</ref> It is even said that she was present in the [[Marriage of Imam 'Ali (a) and Lady Fatima (a)|wedding ceremony of Imam Ali (a) and Lady Fatima (a)]]; however according to date of this wedding in [[2]]/624 and her return from Abyssinia in 8, it is highly unlikely.<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak'', vol. 3, p. 159; Ganjī, ''Kifāyat al-ṭālib'', p. 302-303; Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 1, p. 365-367; Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 3, p. 307.</ref> | ||
Apparently, it was due to this close and honest relation with Imam Ali's (a) household that she was honored in [[Shi'a]] sources, as according to some [[hadiths]] she was praised by [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. | Apparently, it was due to this close and honest relation with Imam Ali's (a) household that she was honored in [[Shi'a]] sources, as according to some [[hadiths]] she was praised by [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]].<ref>Kashshī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', p. 63-64; Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', vol. 2, p. 363.</ref> | ||
:See also: [[Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a)#Martyrdom, Funeral and Burial|Funeral of Lady Fatimah (a)]] | :See also: [[Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a)#Martyrdom, Funeral and Burial|Funeral of Lady Fatimah (a)]] | ||
==Narration== | ==Narration== | ||
Asma' has narrated hadiths from the [[Prophet (s)]]. Narrators, such as her son, [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]], Sa'id b. Musayyib and 'Urwat b. Zubayr, have narrated hadiths form her. | Asma' has narrated hadiths from the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 766; Ḥamīdī, ''al-Musnad'', vol. 1, p. 158; Mizzī, ''Tuḥfat al-ashrāf'', vol. 11, p. 259-263.</ref> Narrators, such as her son, [['Abd Allah b. Ja'far]], Sa'id b. Musayyib and 'Urwat b. Zubayr, have narrated hadiths form her.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 287.</ref> | ||
Al-Ya'qubi<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 101.</ref>20 mentioned that she had a book which contained hadiths of the Prophet (s). As she was very close to him and his household, this book is very important and valuable; however, because other sources did not mention anything about this book the authenticity and it ascription to her is highly doubted.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam''.</ref> | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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* Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh. Cairo: 1959. | * Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh. Cairo: 1959. | ||
* Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. al-Aḥmad al-. ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ''. Edited by Shuʿayb al-Arnaʾūt. Beirut: 1404 AH. | * Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. al-Aḥmad al-. ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ''. Edited by Shuʿayb al-Arnaʾūt. Beirut: 1404 AH. | ||
* ''Encyclopedia of Islam''. New Edition. Leiden, 1956 | |||
* Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Al-Mustadrak ʿala l-ṣaḥīḥayn''. Hyderabad Deccan: 1341 AH. | * Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Al-Mustadrak ʿala l-ṣaḥīḥayn''. Hyderabad Deccan: 1341 AH. | ||
* Ḥamīdī, ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Musnad''. Edited by Ḥabīb al-Raḥman Aʿzamī. Hyderabad Deccan: 1380-1382 AH. | * Ḥamīdī, ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Musnad''. Edited by Ḥabīb al-Raḥman Aʿzamī. Hyderabad Deccan: 1380-1382 AH. | ||
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[[id:Asma binti Umais]] | [[id:Asma binti Umais]] | ||
[[es:Asma' Bint 'Umays]] | [[es:Asma' Bint 'Umays]] | ||
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