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Hanzala b. Abi 'Amir: Difference between revisions
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'''Ḥanẓala b. Abī 'Āmir''' (Arabic: حنظلة بن ابی عامر), known as '''Ghasīl al-Malā'ika''' (washed by angels) (d. [[3]]/ 624), was one of the [[Sahaba | '''Ḥanẓala b. Abī 'Āmir''' (Arabic:{{inlineArabic| حنظلة بن ابی عامر}}), known as '''Ghasīl al-Malā'ika''' (Arabic:{{inlineArabic|غسيل الملائکة}} means: washed by angels) (d. [[3]]/ 624), was one of the [[Sahaba]] who was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the [[Battle of Uhud]]. Hanzala had a special place among his friends and enemies. He cited [[hadith]]s from [[the Prophet (s)]] and some other Sahaba. His son, 'Abd Allah, who was one of the young Sahaba, was the commander in the [[Event of Harra]] in [[63]]/682. | ||
==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
Hanzala was from the Banu 'Amr b. 'Awf—a clan of the [[Aws]] tribe. His father was Abu 'Amir | Hanzala was from the Banu 'Amr b. 'Awf—a clan of the [[Aws]] tribe. His father was Abu 'Amir 'Abd 'Amr b. Sayfi, a prominent figure in the period of [[Jahiliyya]]. | ||
==Attempt to kill his father== | ==Attempt to kill his father== | ||
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==Hanzala, Ghasil al-Mala'ika== | ==Hanzala, Ghasil al-Mala'ika== | ||
According to sources, in the Battle of Uhud, since Hanzala had just recently married, he asked for the Prophet (s)'s permission to let him spend time with his wife the night before the battle. Early in the morning, he went to the battlefield. His wife, Jamila bt. 'Abd Allah b. Ubayy, had a dream that she interpreted as the martyrdom of his husband. Therefore, she asked | According to sources, in the Battle of Uhud, since Hanzala had just recently married, he asked for the Prophet (s)'s permission to let him spend time with his wife the night before the battle. Early in the morning, he went to the battlefield. His wife, Jamila bt. 'Abd Allah b. Ubayy, had a dream that she interpreted as the martyrdom of his husband. Therefore, she asked four of her relatives to testify that she had spent the night with Hanzala, since she was afraid that there would be a dispute over the child she would give birth to. | ||
In the battlefield, Hanzala defeated [[Abu Sufyan]] and was about to decapitate him, but [[Shaddad b. Aswad b. Shu'ub]] martyred Hanzala. At this time, the Prophet (s) said: "the angels wash his corpse". Since then, he came to be known as "Ghasil al-Mala'ika" (washed by the angels) and his children were known as "Banu Ghasil al-Mala'ika". | In the battlefield, Hanzala defeated [[Abu Sufyan]] and was about to decapitate him, but [[Shaddad b. Aswad b. Shu'ub]] martyred Hanzala. At this time, the Prophet (s) said: "the angels wash his corpse". Since then, he came to be known as "Ghasil al-Mala'ika" (washed by the angels) and his children were known as "Banu Ghasil al-Mala'ika". | ||
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===Among friends=== | ===Among friends=== | ||
People of [[Aws]] were always proud of having Hanzala among them and bragged about him against people of [[Khazraj]]. Hanzala also counts among the writers of the [[revelation]] | People of [[Aws]] were always proud of having Hanzala among them and bragged about him against people of [[Khazraj]]. Hanzala also counts among the writers of the [[revelation]] ([[wahy]]). | ||
==Abu 'Amir, Hanzala's father== | ==Abu 'Amir, Hanzala's father== | ||
Abu 'Amir, Hanzala's father, who was the leader of the Aws tribe, practiced monkhood during the period of [[Jahiliyya]] and talked about the [[resurrection]] and the [[hanif religion]]. He was known as a monk and knew a lot about the Bible. According to | Abu 'Amir, Hanzala's father, who was the leader of the Aws tribe, practiced monkhood during the period of [[Jahiliyya]] and talked about the [[resurrection]] and the [[hanif religion]]. He was known as a monk and knew a lot about the Bible. According to al-Baladhuri, he sought to be known as a prophet himself. However, after a long conversation with the Prophet (s), the Prophet (s) called him a vice person, though he claimed to be committed to the hanif religion. | ||
After the conversation, Abu 'Amir became upset at the Prophet (s). So he joined [[Quraysh]] together with 65 people and started to invite the polytheists of Quraysh as well as the Jews and [[Ansar]] in [[Medina]] to rise against the Prophet (s). In the [[Battle of Badr]] he did not accompany the polytheists of Quraysh, but in the [[Battle of Uhud]], he was one of the first people who started the war. He dug some pits on the Muslims' way to the battlefield in which a polytheist—who sought to kill the Prophet (s)—fell and was later killed by Muslims. | After the conversation, Abu 'Amir became upset at the Prophet (s). So he joined [[Quraysh]] together with 65 people and started to invite the polytheists of Quraysh as well as the Jews and [[Ansar]] in [[Medina]] to rise against the Prophet (s). In the [[Battle of Badr]] he did not accompany the polytheists of Quraysh, but in the [[Battle of Uhud]], he was one of the first people who started the war. He dug some pits on the Muslims' way to the battlefield in which a polytheist—who sought to kill the Prophet (s)—fell and was later killed by Muslims. | ||
After the [[Conquest of Mecca]], he fled to [[Ta'if]] and when people of Ta'if converted to Islam, he moved to [[al-Sham]] | After the [[Conquest of Mecca]], he fled to [[Ta'if]] and when people of Ta'if converted to Islam, he moved to [[al-Sham]]. There he planned to prepare weapons and troops in order to attack Medina, but he died there in 9th or 10th A.H. (630 or 631). | ||
The well-known [[Dirar Mosque]], that God ordered the Prophet (s) to destroy (the Quran, 9:107), was built at Abu 'Amir's instigation. He planned to defeat the Prophet (s) in Medina and then give a speech in that mosque. According to some sources, the phrase "and in preparation for one who warred against Allah and His messenger aforetime" refers to Abu 'Amir. According to Miqrizi, Abu 'Amir was determined to exhume the grave of [[Amina bt. Wahb]], the Prophet (s)'s mother, but, by the intervention of God, he failed to do so. | The well-known [[Dirar Mosque]], that God ordered the Prophet (s) to destroy (the Quran, 9:107), was built at Abu 'Amir's instigation. He planned to defeat the Prophet (s) in Medina and then give a speech in that mosque. According to some sources, the phrase "and in preparation for one who warred against Allah and His messenger aforetime" refers to Abu 'Amir. According to Miqrizi, Abu 'Amir was determined to exhume the grave of [[Amina bt. Wahb]], the Prophet (s)'s mother, but, by the intervention of God, he failed to do so. | ||
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In addition to being Hanzala's son, what made him well-known in the Islamic history was his commandership in the [[Event of Harra]]. 'Abd Allah narrated [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s), [['Umar b. Khattab]], [[Abu Bakr]], [['Abd Allah b. Salam]], and [[Ka'b al-Ahbar]]. People such as [[Qays b. Sa'd b. 'Ubada]], [[Asma' bt. Zayd]], [['Abd Allah b. Abi Malika]], [['Abbas b. Sahl]], [[Damdam b. Haws]], [['Abd Allah b. Yazid al-Khatmi]], [[Salih b. Abi Hisan]], and [['Abd al-Malik b. Abi Bakr]] narrated hadiths from him. | In addition to being Hanzala's son, what made him well-known in the Islamic history was his commandership in the [[Event of Harra]]. 'Abd Allah narrated [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s), [['Umar b. Khattab]], [[Abu Bakr]], [['Abd Allah b. Salam]], and [[Ka'b al-Ahbar]]. People such as [[Qays b. Sa'd b. 'Ubada]], [[Asma' bt. Zayd]], [['Abd Allah b. Abi Malika]], [['Abbas b. Sahl]], [[Damdam b. Haws]], [['Abd Allah b. Yazid al-Khatmi]], [[Salih b. Abi Hisan]], and [['Abd al-Malik b. Abi Bakr]] narrated hadiths from him. | ||
==References== | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/حنظلة بن ابیعامر حنظلة_بن_ابیعامر] in Farsi Wikishia. | |||
{{Sahaba}} | |||
[[fa:حنظلة بن ابیعامر]] | [[fa:حنظلة بن ابیعامر]] | ||
[[Category:Martyrs of Uhud]] | |||
[[Category:Buried in Medina]] | |||
[[Category:Srcibes of the Quran]] | |||
[[Category:Martyrs of Uhud]] | |||
[[Category:Srcibes of the Quran]] | |||