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Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar: Difference between revisions
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| Lineage = | | Lineage = | ||
| Well known relatives = | | Well known relatives = | ||
| Birth = [[Sha'ban 5]], [[1322]]/1904 | | Birth = [[Sha'ban 5]], [[1322]]/1904 | ||
| Place of study = | | Place of study = | ||
| Hometown = | | Hometown = | ||
| Death= | | Death= [[Ramadan 16]], [[1383]]/1964 | ||
| Burial place = [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]] | | Burial place = [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]] | ||
| Professors = [[Muhammad Hasan al-Muzaffar]] • [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] • [[Diya' al-Din 'Iraqi]] • [[Sayyid 'Abd al-Hadi Shirazi]] • [[Sayyid 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i]]• [[Muhammad Husayn Isfahani]] | | Professors = [[Muhammad Hasan al-Muzaffar]] • [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] • [[Diya' al-Din 'Iraqi]] • [[Sayyid 'Abd al-Hadi Shirazi]] • [[Sayyid 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i]]• [[Muhammad Husayn Isfahani]] | ||
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| Official website= | | Official website= | ||
}} | }} | ||
Shaykh '''Muḥammad Riḍā al-Muẓaffar''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| محمد رضا المظفر}}) (b. [[1322]]/1904 - d. [[1383]]/1964) was a Shiite scholar of the 14th/20th century. He began his studies in the [[Islamic seminary of Najaf]], and attended lectures by [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]], [[Diya' al-Din 'Iraqi]], [[Qadi Tabataba'i]], and he had a lot of students. Because of his influence in [[Najaf]] and in order to realize his ideas, Muzaffar founded several scholarly and cultural institutes. He also took remarkable measures for the sake proximity of Shiite and Sunni Muslims. He wrote books in a new and simple style, some of which are now textbooks in [[Shi'a Seminary|Islamic seminaries]]. | Shaykh '''Muḥammad Riḍā al-Muẓaffar''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| محمد رضا المظفر}}) (b. [[1322]]/1904 - d. [[1383]]/1964) was a Shiite scholar of the 14th/20th century. He began his studies in the [[Islamic seminary of Najaf]], and attended lectures by [[Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]], [[Diya' al-Din 'Iraqi]], [[Qadi Tabataba'i]], and he had a lot of students. Because of his influence in [[Najaf]] and in order to realize his ideas, al-Muzaffar founded several scholarly and cultural institutes. He also took remarkable measures for the sake of proximity of Shiite and Sunni Muslims. He wrote books in a new and simple style, some of which are now textbooks in [[Shi'a Seminary|Islamic seminaries]]. | ||
==Birth== | ==Birth== | ||
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==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
Shaykh Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar passed away on the night of [[Ramadan 16]], [[1383]]/January 31, 1964, and was buried near the grave of his brother, Shaykh Muhammad Hasan. | Shaykh Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar passed away on the night of [[Ramadan 16]], [[1383]] / [[January 31]], 1964, and was buried near the grave of his brother, Shaykh Muhammad Hasan. | ||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
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Some of prominent students of his are as follow: | Some of prominent students of his are as follow: | ||
* Shaykh [[Ahmad al-Wa'ili]] | * Shaykh [[Ahmad al-Wa'ili]] | ||
* [[Sayyid Jawad al- | * [[Sayyid Jawad al-Shubbar]] | ||
* [[Sayyid Husayn Khirsan]] | * [[Sayyid Husayn Khirsan]] | ||
* [[Sayyid 'Abd al-Karim Qazvini]] | * [[Sayyid 'Abd al-Karim Qazvini]] | ||
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==Scholarly, cultural, and social services== | ==Scholarly, cultural, and social services== | ||
===Founding the Society of Muntada al-Nashr=== | ===Founding the Society of Muntada al-Nashr=== | ||
"Muntada al-Nashr" literally means to call one another to propagate (Islamic cultures and sciences). By founding this society, al-Muzaffar tried to realize his reformist goals. This scholarly and religious foundation received its permission from the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government in [[1353]]/1934- | "Muntada al-Nashr" literally means to call one another to propagate (Islamic cultures and sciences). By founding this society, al-Muzaffar tried to realize his reformist goals. This scholarly and religious foundation received its permission from the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government in [[1353]]/1934-5. Its goals included the propagation of the Islamic culture and sciences, social reforms by publishing appropriate books, and educations. | ||
==Al-Muntada Collage== | ===Al-Muntada Collage=== | ||
In [[1355]]/1936, al-Muzaffar founded an Islamic [[seminary | In [[1355]]/1936, al-Muzaffar founded an Islamic [[seminary]] in which [[fiqh]], [[exegesis of the Qur'an]], [[usul al-fiqh]], and [[philosophy]] were taught. The school was called al-Muntada collage. Scholars such as [[Muhammad Jawad al-Balaghi]], [['Abd al-Husayn Dashti]], and [['Abd al-Husayn al-Hilli]] taught in this collage. | ||
==Al-Muntada Schools== | ===Al-Muntada Schools=== | ||
Al-Muzaffar's next step was the foundation of al-Muntada schools that was welcomed by scholars of [[Najaf]] and well-known households there, and this helped develop the schools. During decades in these schools, primary, secondary and pre-university levels were taught. The idea was to teach modern courses with a lean towards a religious culture. | Al-Muzaffar's next step was the foundation of al-Muntada schools that was welcomed by scholars of [[Najaf]] and well-known households there, and this helped develop the schools. During decades in these schools, primary, secondary and pre-university levels were taught. The idea was to teach modern courses with a lean towards a religious culture. | ||
===College of fiqh=== | ===College of fiqh=== | ||
In [[1376]]/1957- | In [[1376]]/1957-8, al-Muzaffar founded the College of Fiqh in Najaf. The college was recognized by the Iraqi Ministry of Culture in [[1377]]/1958-9. The courses of the college included: [[Imamiyya]] [[fiqh]], comparative fiqh, usul al-fiqh, exegesis of the Qur'an, [[hadith]], [[Dirayat al-hadith]], educational sciences, psychology, literature, history of literature, sociology, history of Islam, Islamic philosophy, modern philosophy, [[logic]], modern history, principles of teaching, Arabic grammar, Arabic conjugation, and foreign languages. | ||
Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar taught philosophy in this college, and was writing his book on usul al-fiqh to be taught there. He also headed the college and supervised the books written for the college courses. | Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar taught philosophy in this college, and was writing his book on usul al-fiqh to be taught there. He also headed the college and supervised the books written for the college courses. | ||
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==Works and textbooks== | ==Works and textbooks== | ||
The books, ''al-Mantiq'' (logic), ''usul al-fiqh'', and '' 'Aqa'id al-Imamiyya'' (Imamiyya beliefs), upgraded the way textbooks of Islamic seminaries were written. They are textbooks of Islamic seminaries today. | The books, ''al-Mantiq'' (logic), ''usul al-fiqh'', and '' 'Aqa'id al-Imamiyya'' (Imamiyya beliefs), upgraded the way textbooks of Islamic seminaries were written. They are textbooks of Islamic seminaries today. | ||
{{main|Usul al-fiqh (al-Muzaffar)}} | {{main|Usul al-fiqh (al-Muzaffar|Usul al-fiqh)}} | ||
'''Usul al-fiqh:''' al-Muzaffar wrote this book as a textbook for the College of Fiqh in Najaf, and he intended it to fill the gap between two other textbooks in usul al-fiqh: ''[[Ma'alim al-din]]'' and ''[[Kifayat al-usul]]''. In the structure of the book, he followed the lead of his teacher, [[Muhammad Husayn Gharawi Isfahani]]. Like his other written works, ''usul al-fiqh'' was written in a simple style. He tried to cash out complex issues of usul al-fiqh in a very clear and comprehendible way. | '''Usul al-fiqh:''' al-Muzaffar wrote this book as a textbook for the College of Fiqh in Najaf, and he intended it to fill the gap between two other textbooks in usul al-fiqh: ''[[Ma'alim al-din]]'' and ''[[Kifayat al-usul]]''. In the structure of the book, he followed the lead of his teacher, [[Muhammad Husayn Gharawi Isfahani]]. Like his other written works, ''usul al-fiqh'' was written in a simple style. He tried to cash out complex issues of usul al-fiqh in a very clear and comprehendible way. | ||
{{main|'Aqaid al-Imamiyya (al-Muzaffar)}} | {{main|'Aqaid al-Imamiyya (al-Muzaffar)}} | ||