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Marwan b. al-Hakam: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox | {{Infobox Ruler | ||
| | | title = Marwan b. al-Hakam | ||
| known for = 4th | | known for = 4th Umayyad Caliph | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| | | Name = | ||
| Kunya = Abu 'Abd al-Malik | | Kunya = Abu 'Abd al-Malik | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = | ||
| Birth = [[2]]/623 | | Birth = [[2]]/623 | ||
| | | Death = [[65]]/685 | ||
| | | Father = al-Hakam b. Abi l-'As | ||
| | | Mother = | ||
| | | Children = [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan|'Abd al-Malik]], Mu'awiya, 'Abd al-'Aziz, ... | ||
| | | Spouse(s) = Umm Aban, 'A'isha, Umm Khalid, ... | ||
| Burial Place = | | Religion = | ||
| | | Burial Place = [[Damascus]]<!--also use {{coord| |N| |E|display=inline}}--> | ||
| | |||
| | | Dynasty = [[Umayyad]] | ||
| | | Area of Governance = | ||
| | | Reign = [[64]]/683-[[65]]/685 | ||
| | | Contemporary with = [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] | ||
| Capital = Damascus | |||
| Activities = Participating in battles of [[battle of Jamal|Jamal]] and [[battle of Siffin|Siffin]], ... | | Activities = Participating in battles of [[battle of Jamal|Jamal]] and [[battle of Siffin|Siffin]], ... | ||
| Remnants = | |||
| Predecessor = [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid]] | |||
| Successor = [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Marwān b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī l-ʿĀs b. Umayya''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|مروان بن الحکم بن أبي العاص بن أمیة}}) was the fourth [[Umayyad]] caliph and the head of Marwanids. In his childhood, Marwan and his father were exiled to [[Ta'if]] and were taken back to [[Medina]] by the third caliph, [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], where he received a position in the administration of the [[caliphate]]. In the battles of [[Jamal]] and [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]], he stood against [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Later he opposed burying the body of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] beside the grave of his grandfather, the [[Holy Prophet (s)]]. He later had an argument with [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] as the latter (a) did not give [[allegiance]] to [[Yazid]]. After withdrawal of [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid]] from caliphate, Marwan took the caliphate and after about ten months, he was poisoned by his wife and died in [[65]]/685. | '''Marwān b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī l-ʿĀs b. Umayya''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|مروان بن الحکم بن أبي العاص بن أمیة}}) was the fourth [[Umayyad]] caliph and the head of Marwanids. In his childhood, Marwan and his father were exiled to [[Ta'if]] and were taken back to [[Medina]] by the third caliph, [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], where he received a position in the administration of the [[caliphate]]. In the battles of [[Jamal]] and [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]], he stood against [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Later he opposed burying the body of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] beside the grave of his grandfather, the [[Holy Prophet (s)]]. He later had an argument with [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] as the latter (a) did not give [[allegiance]] to [[Yazid]]. After withdrawal of [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid]] from caliphate, Marwan took the caliphate and after about ten months, he was poisoned by his wife and died in [[65]]/685. | ||
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== Caliphate == | == Caliphate == | ||
After Mu' | After [[Mu'awiya b. Yazid]] withdrew from caliphate ([[64]]/683), Umayyads gave allegiance to Marwan for caliphate.<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 207.</ref> To strengthen his government, Marwan first went to Jabiya (north of Hawran) and called people to himself and in 64/683-684, people of [[Jordan]] gave allegiance to him. He then went to Syria and tried to correct affairs. In Syria, [[Dahhak b. Qays al-Fihri]] was calling people to give allegiance to [['Abd Allah b. Zubayr]] and this led to his battle with Marwan, when Dahhak was defeated and killed.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''al-Iṣāba'', vol. 6, p. 204.</ref> | ||
To expand his rule, Marwan sent an army to [[Egypt]] and brought the people there who wanted to give allegiance to 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr under his own control. He then appointed his son, [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan|'Abd al-Malik]] to the government there. Then, he returned to Syria and died soon.<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 207.</ref> | To expand his rule, Marwan sent an army to [[Egypt]] and brought the people there who wanted to give allegiance to 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr under his own control. He then appointed his son, [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan|'Abd al-Malik]] to the government there. Then, he returned to Syria and died soon.<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 207.</ref> | ||