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'''Zuhayr b. al-Qayn al-Bajalī''' ({{iarabic|Arabic: زهير بن قين البجلي}}) was a senior member of the [[al-Bajila tribe]] based in [[Kufa]]. He was known in Kufa and his tribe as a noble and brave man. He was highly respected in virtue of his attendance in many battles and conquests. In some sources, al-Qayn—Zuhayr's father—is mentioned as one of the [[companions]] of [[the Prophet (s)]]. Zuhayr was a [[:Category:Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)|companion]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and a high-ranking member of his army who was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the [[Event of Ashura]] in [[Karbala]]. | '''Zuhayr b. al-Qayn al-Bajalī''' ({{iarabic|Arabic: زهير بن قين البجلي}}) was a senior member of the [[al-Bajila tribe]] based in [[Kufa]]. He was known in Kufa and his tribe as a noble and brave man. He was highly respected in virtue of his attendance in many battles and conquests. In some sources, al-Qayn—Zuhayr's father—is mentioned as one of the [[companions]] of [[the Prophet (s)]]. Zuhayr was a [[:Category:Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)|companion]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and a high-ranking member of his army who was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the [[Event of Ashura]] in [[Karbala]]. | ||
== | ==Joining to the Imam Husayn's (a) army== | ||
Zuhayr was an advocate of [[Uthman]]. In [[60]]/680, Zuhayr and his wife were returning from [[hajj]] pilgrimage to [[Kufa]] together with their relatives and fellows, met [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions in a resting area on the way, called [[Zarud]]. Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions were also on their way to Kufa. According to Dinawari, the meeting occurred in Zarud resting area.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246.</ref> | |||
Imam al-Husayn (a) sent someone to Zuhayr and asked him to set up a meeting. Zuhayr was first reluctant to meet the Imam (a), but when his wife, Daylam or Dalham, the daughter of ' | Imam al-Husayn (a) sent someone to Zuhayr and asked him to set up a meeting. Zuhayr was first reluctant to meet the Imam (a), but when his wife, Daylam or Dalham, the daughter of Amr,<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> encouraged him to do so, he went to Imam al-Husayn (a). The meeting changed the course of his life. After the meeting, he happily went back to his family and friends, and had his camp and stuff moved near Imam al-Husayn's (a) camp.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> | ||
Zuhayr said goodbye to his wife, and, on one account, divorced her, and told her: "I am going to be martyred besides Imam al-Husayn (a). You go back to your family together with your brother, because I do not want you to see anything harmful from me". | Zuhayr said goodbye to his wife, and, on one account, divorced her, and told her: "I am going to be martyred besides Imam al-Husayn (a). You go back to your family together with your brother, because I do not want you to see anything harmful from me".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 396.</ref> | ||
After saying goodbye to his wife, Zuhayr asked his companions to accompany him if they love to be martyred; otherwise this would be their last visit. According to some sources, [[Salman b. Mudarib]]—Zuhayr's cousin—accompanied him and joined Imam al-Husayn's (a) army. | After saying goodbye to his wife, Zuhayr asked his companions to accompany him if they love to be martyred; otherwise this would be their last visit. According to some sources, [[Salman b. Mudarib]]—Zuhayr's cousin—accompanied him and joined Imam al-Husayn's (a) army.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246-247.</ref> | ||
==Zuhayr's Speech in Dhu Husam== | ==Zuhayr's Speech in Dhu Husam== | ||
When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] encountered [[Hurr b. Yazid]]'s army, he delivered a speech in the [[Dhu Husam]] area, talking about changes happened to the world, corruptions dominant in the society, and the insignificance of this-worldly life. When the Imam's (a) speech was over, Zuhayr was the first one who declared his obedience of Imam al-Husayn (a). The Imam (a) prayed for him and appreciated him. | When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] encountered [[Hurr b. Yazid]]'s army, he delivered a speech in the [[Dhu Husam]] area, talking about changes happened to the world, corruptions dominant in the society, and the insignificance of this-worldly life.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 396.</ref> When the Imam's (a) speech was over, Zuhayr was the first one who declared his obedience of Imam al-Husayn (a). The Imam (a) prayed for him and appreciated him.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 171; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 305.</ref> | ||
==Suggestion of a Battle with Hurr== | ==Suggestion of a Battle with Hurr== | ||
When Imam al-Husayn's (a) caravan arrived in [[Nineveh]] on Thursday, [[Muharram 2]], [[61]]/October 2, 680, a messenger from [[ | When Imam al-Husayn's (a) caravan arrived in [[Nineveh]] on Thursday, [[Muharram 2]], [[61]]/October 2, 680, a messenger from [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] delivered a letter for [[Al-Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]]. [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad|Ibn Ziyad]] wrote to Hurr to be strict on al-Husayn (a) and force him to dwell in a desert with no water. Hurr informed the Imam (a) of the letter. Imam al-Husayn (a) asked Hurr to let him dwell in Nineveh, [[Ghadiriyya]] or [[Shufayh]]. But Hurr replied that this was not possible since Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad had spies there. | ||
Zuhayr suggested to Imam al-Husayn (a) that they fight with this group | Zuhayr suggested to Imam al-Husayn (a) that they fight with this group since it is easier to fight with them than with the group that was about to arrive. But Imam al-Husayn (a) replied that "I will not start the war". | ||
Zuhayr suggested that they dwell in a land near [[Euphrates]] called [[ | Zuhayr suggested that they dwell in a land near [[Euphrates]] called [[Aqar]], since it had natural ramparts. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: "I refuge to God from Aqar!"<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 251-252; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 51-52.</ref> | ||
==On the Day of Tasu'a== | ==On the Day of Tasu'a== | ||
On the day of [[Tasu'a]] afternoon, when [[ | On the day of [[Tasu'a]] in the afternoon, when [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army attacked Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps in order to start the battle, the Imam (a) asked his brother, [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]] to go to them to see what they had in mind. 'Abbas and twenty of Imam al-Husayn's (a) companions, including Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Habib b. Muzahir]], went to the enemy's army and asked them what they wanted and what they had in mind. | ||
They said: "we are ordered to fight you if you do not abide with Ibn Ziyad's orders". 'Abbas (a) told them to wait until he gives the message to Imam al-Husayn (a). They agreed and waited for the reply. In the meanwhile, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. al-Qayn seized the opportunity to preach | They said: "we are ordered to fight you if you do not abide with Ibn Ziyad's orders". 'Abbas (a) told them to wait until he gives the message to Imam al-Husayn (a). They agreed and waited for the reply. In the meanwhile, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. al-Qayn seized the opportunity to preach Umar b. Sa'd's army. | ||
[[ | [[Uzra b. Qays]] (from [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army) said: "O' Zuhayr! You were not a [[Shiite]] (follower) of this household and were an advocate of Uthman!" Zuhayr replied: | ||
: Does not my being here mean that I am with them now? I swear to God that I never wrote a letter to [[Husayn b. | : Does not my being here mean that I am with them now? I swear to God that I never wrote a letter to [[Husayn b. Ali (a)]] and never sent a messenger to him and never promised to help him, but our paths met and when I met him and remembered [[the Prophet (s)]] and al-Husayn's (a) place for him and learned that he was going to his enemy and your party, then I decided to help him and be in his group and sacrifice my life for the right of God and the Prophet (s) that ignored by you. | ||
==The Night Before Ashura== | ==The Night Before Ashura== | ||
[[The night before Ashura]], when Imam al-Husayn (a) withdrew the allegiance of his companions and household and gave them the permission to run away and save their lives, every one of his companions declared their allegiance and faithfulness to him. After members of Imam al-Husayn's (a) household expressed their allegiances, [[Muslim b. | [[The night before Ashura]], when Imam al-Husayn (a) withdrew the allegiance of his companions and household and gave them the permission to run away and save their lives, every one of his companions declared their allegiance and faithfulness to him. After members of Imam al-Husayn's (a) household expressed their allegiances, [[Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi]] declared his faithfulness. Then Zuhayr b. al-Qayn stood up and said: | ||
:"I swear to God that I want to be killed, then be alive again, and then be killed again for a thousand times so that God protects you and your household from being killed". | :"I swear to God that I want to be killed, then be alive again, and then be killed again for a thousand times so that God protects you and your household from being killed".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 318; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 92.</ref> | ||
==Commandership of the Right Front of the Army== | ==Commandership of the Right Front of the Army== | ||
In the morning of [[Ashura]] after the [[Fajr prayer|morning prayer]], Imam al-Husayn (a) organized his companions and the army. He appointed Zuhayr b. al-Qayn as the commander of the right front of his army, and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] as the commander of its left front. He gave the flag to his brother, [[ | In the morning of [[Ashura]] after the [[Fajr prayer|morning prayer]], Imam al-Husayn (a) organized his companions and the army. He appointed Zuhayr b. al-Qayn as the commander of the right front of his army, and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] as the commander of its left front. He gave the flag to his brother, [[Abbas (a)]].<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 187; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 320.</ref> | ||
==Preaching the Army of | ==Preaching the Army of Umar b. Sa'd== | ||
On the day of [[Ashura]] when the two armies met, before the war began, Imam al-Husayn (a) preached the enemy's army. After the Imam's speech, Zuhayr b. al-Qayn asked the Imam to let him give a speech. He addressed the people of [[Kufa]] and warned them about fighting with Imam al-Husayn (a). But the army of | On the day of [[Ashura]] when the two armies met, before the war began, Imam al-Husayn (a) preached the enemy's army. After the Imam's speech, Zuhayr b. al-Qayn asked the Imam to let him give a speech. He addressed the people of [[Kufa]] and warned them about fighting with Imam al-Husayn (a). But the army of Umar b. Sa'd responded by cursing Zuhayr and praising Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, and insisted on the war. Finally, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] threw an arrow to him. | ||
Someone from Imam al-Husayn's (a) army called Zuhayr and told him that: | Someone from Imam al-Husayn's (a) army called Zuhayr and told him that: | ||
: Imam al-Husayn (a) told you to come back. As the believer from the Pharaoh's household preached his tribe but to no avail, you too have preached them enough. | : Imam al-Husayn (a) told you to come back. As the believer from the Pharaoh's household preached his tribe but to no avail, you too have preached them enough.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 323-324; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 63-64</ref> | ||
==Zuhayr's Fame Among People of Kufa== | ==Zuhayr's Fame Among People of Kufa== | ||
Zuhayr was known by people of [[Kufa]] as a brave, distinguished and famous figure. Thus he was challenged to individual battles by Salim and Yasar—servants of [[Ziyad b. Abih]] and [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]]—who were chanting paeans. When [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] went to fight with them, they told him: "we do not know you. Let Zuhayr b. al-Qayn or Habib b. Muzahir come and fight with us". Zuhayr raised to smash them, but Imam al-Husayn (a) did not let him go, and sent [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr]] to fight them. | Zuhayr was known by people of [[Kufa]] as a brave, distinguished and famous figure. Thus he was challenged to individual battles by Salim and Yasar—servants of [[Ziyad b. Abih]] and [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]]—who were chanting paeans. When [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] went to fight with them, they told him: "we do not know you. Let Zuhayr b. al-Qayn or Habib b. Muzahir come and fight with us".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 327; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 101.</ref> Zuhayr raised to smash them, but Imam al-Husayn (a) did not let him go, and sent [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr]] to fight them. | ||
==Preventing the Attack on Imam's Camps== | ==Preventing the Attack on Imam's Camps== | ||
When the war began, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and a number of his soldiers approached Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps from the back. Shimr hit the Imam's camp with a spear and cried: "bring a fire so that I burn the place with its residents". Imam al-Husayn (a) replied: "O' the son of Dhi l-Jawshan! You need fire to burn the camp and my household? May God burn you with fire!" At this time, Zuhayr and ten people from his companions attacked Shimr and his soldiers and forced them out of the location. Zuhayr killed Abu | When the war began, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and a number of his soldiers approached Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps from the back. Shimr hit the Imam's camp with a spear and cried: "bring a fire so that I burn the place with its residents". Imam al-Husayn (a) replied: "O' the son of Dhi l-Jawshan! You need fire to burn the camp and my household? May God burn you with fire!" At this time, Zuhayr and ten people from his companions attacked Shimr and his soldiers and forced them out of the location. Zuhayr killed Abu Izza al-Dababi—a friend and a relative of Shimr.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 334; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 69-70.</ref> | ||
==Joint Battle== | ==Joint Battle== | ||
When [[Habib b. Muzahir]] was martyred before the noon on [[Ashura]], Zuhayr and [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] went to the battlefield. They supported one another; whenever one was surrounded by the enemies, the other helped him out. They fought until Hurr was martyred and Zuhayr went back to the camp. | When [[Habib b. Muzahir]] was martyred before the noon on [[Ashura]], Zuhayr and [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] went to the battlefield. They supported one another; whenever one was surrounded by the enemies, the other helped him out. They fought until Hurr was martyred and Zuhayr went back to the camp.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 336; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 71.</ref> | ||
==Protection of Worshipers at the Noon of Ashura== | ==Protection of Worshipers at the Noon of Ashura== | ||
When Imam al-Husayn (a) and some of his companions were saying [[Zuhr prayer|noon prayers]] on the day of Ashura, Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] stood in front of the Imam and the rest of his companions to protect them against the attacks of the enemy. They shielded themselves against the arrows until the prayer was finished. | When Imam al-Husayn (a) and some of his companions were saying [[Zuhr prayer|noon prayers]] on the day of Ashura, Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] stood in front of the Imam and the rest of his companions to protect them against the attacks of the enemy. They shielded themselves against the arrows until the prayer was finished.<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref> | ||
==Martyrdom== | ==Martyrdom== | ||
Zuhayr asked for Imam's permission to go to the battlefield. It is said that he killed about 120 people from the enemy's army, and was eventually [[martyrdom|martyred]] by [[Kathir b. 'Abd Allah al-Sha'bi]] and [[Muhajir b. Aws al-Tamimi]]. | Zuhayr asked for Imam's permission to go to the battlefield. It is said that he killed about 120 people from the enemy's army, and was eventually [[martyrdom|martyred]] by [[Kathir b. 'Abd Allah al-Sha'bi]] and [[Muhajir b. Aws al-Tamimi]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 196; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 336.</ref> | ||
==Imam al-Husayn's (a) Pray for Zuhayr== | ==Imam al-Husayn's (a) Pray for Zuhayr== | ||
When Zuhayr was martyred, Imam al-Husayn (a) prayed for him thus: | When Zuhayr was martyred, Imam al-Husayn (a) prayed for him thus: | ||
{{ | {{ | ||
centered pull quote|O, Zuhayr! May God bless you with His mercy and [[curse]] your killers with an eternal curse, like that of [[Israelites]] who were transshaped by God. | centered pull quote|O, Zuhayr! May God bless you with His mercy and [[curse]] your killers with an eternal curse, like that of [[Israelites]] who were transshaped by God.<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref> | ||
|author= | |author= | ||
|source= | |source= | ||
| Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
Zuhayr b. al-Qayn is mentioned in [[Ziyara al-Nahiya al-Muqaddasa]] as follows: | Zuhayr b. al-Qayn is mentioned in [[Ziyara al-Nahiya al-Muqaddasa]] as follows: | ||
:"Peace be upon Zuhayr the son of al-Qayn al-Bajali; when the son of the Prophet (s) gave him the permission to leave, he replied: 'I swear to God that I will never abandon the son of the Prophet (s)—may peace be upon him and his progeny. Do I leave the son of the Prophet (s) while he is surrounded by the enemies and save my life? May such a day never come!'" | :"Peace be upon Zuhayr the son of al-Qayn al-Bajali; when the son of the Prophet (s) gave him the permission to leave, he replied: 'I swear to God that I will never abandon the son of the Prophet (s)—may peace be upon him and his progeny. Do I leave the son of the Prophet (s) while he is surrounded by the enemies and save my life? May such a day never come!'"<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', vol. 3, p. 77-78.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1977. | ||
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1965. | |||
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl''. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1376 Sh. | |||
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufīd, [n.d]. | |||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH. | |||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1967. | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||