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Zuhayr b. al-Qayn: Difference between revisions
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| Place of Birth = | | Place of Birth = | ||
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]] | | Place of Residence = [[Kufa]] | ||
| Death/martyrdom= [[61]]/680 | | Death/martyrdom= [[61]]/680 | ||
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Event of 'Ashura]] | | Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Event of 'Ashura]] | ||
| Burial place = [[Karbala]] | | Burial place = [[Karbala]] | ||
| Professors = | | Professors = | ||
| Students = | | Students = | ||
| Works = | | Works = | ||
| Activities = | | Activities = Commander of the right wing of Imam al-Husayn's (a) army in the [[Event of Ashura]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Zuhayr b. al-Qayn al-Bajalī''' ({{iarabic|Arabic: زهير بن | '''Zuhayr b. al-Qayn al-Bajalī''' ({{iarabic|Arabic: زهير بن القين البجلي}}) was a senior member of the [[al-Bajila tribe]] based in [[Kufa]]. He was known in Kufa and his tribe as a noble and brave man. He was highly respected in virtue of his attendance in many battles and conquests. In some sources, al-Qayn—Zuhayr's father—is mentioned as one of the [[companions]] of [[the Prophet (s)]]. Zuhayr was a [[List of Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)|companion]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and a high-ranking member of his army who was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the [[Event of Ashura]] in [[Karbala]]. | ||
==Joining to the Imam Husayn's (a) army== | ==Joining to the Imam Husayn's (a) army== | ||
Zuhayr was an advocate of [[Uthman]]. In [[60]]/680, Zuhayr and his wife were returning from [[hajj]] pilgrimage to [[Kufa]] together with their relatives and fellows, met [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions in a resting area on the way, called [[Zarud]]. Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions were also on their way to Kufa. According to Dinawari, the meeting occurred in Zarud resting area.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246.</ref> | Zuhayr was an advocate of [[Uthman]]. In [[60]]/680, Zuhayr and his wife were returning from [[hajj]] pilgrimage to [[Kufa]] together with their relatives and fellows, met [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions in a resting area on the way, called [[Zarud]]. Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions were also on their way to Kufa. According to al-Dinawari, the meeting occurred in Zarud resting area.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246.</ref> | ||
Imam al-Husayn (a) sent someone to Zuhayr and asked him to set up a meeting. Zuhayr was first reluctant to meet the Imam (a), but when his wife, Daylam or Dalham, the daughter of Amr,<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> encouraged him to do so, he went to Imam al-Husayn (a). The meeting changed the course of his life. After the meeting, he happily went back to his family and friends, and had his camp and stuff moved near Imam al-Husayn's (a) camp.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> | Imam al-Husayn (a) sent someone to Zuhayr and asked him to set up a meeting. Zuhayr was first reluctant to meet the Imam (a), but when his wife, Daylam or Dalham, the daughter of Amr,<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> encouraged him to do so, he went to Imam al-Husayn (a). The meeting changed the course of his life. After the meeting, he happily went back to his family and friends, and had his camp and stuff moved near Imam al-Husayn's (a) camp.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> | ||
Zuhayr said goodbye to his wife, and, on one account, divorced her, and told her: "I am going to be martyred besides Imam al-Husayn (a). You go back to your family together with your brother | Zuhayr said goodbye to his wife, and, on one account, divorced her, and told her: "I am going to be martyred besides Imam al-Husayn (a). You go back to your family together with your brother because I do not want you to see anything harmful from me".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 396.</ref> | ||
After saying goodbye to his wife, Zuhayr asked his companions to accompany him if they love to be martyred; otherwise this would be their last visit. According to some sources, [[Salman b. Mudarib]]—Zuhayr's cousin—accompanied him and joined Imam al-Husayn's (a) army.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246-247.</ref> | After saying goodbye to his wife, Zuhayr asked his companions to accompany him if they love to be martyred; otherwise, this would be their last visit. According to some sources, [[Salman b. Mudarib]]—Zuhayr's cousin—accompanied him and joined Imam al-Husayn's (a) army.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246-247.</ref> | ||
== | ==Speech in Dhu Husam== | ||
When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] encountered [[Hurr b. Yazid]]'s army, he delivered a speech in | When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] encountered [[al-Hurr b. Yazid]]'s army, he delivered a speech in [[Dhu Husam]] area, talking about changes happened to the world, corruptions dominant in the society, and the insignificance of this-worldly life.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 396.</ref> When the Imam's (a) speech was over, Zuhayr was the first one who declared his obedience of Imam al-Husayn (a). The Imam (a) prayed for him and appreciated him.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 171; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 305.</ref> | ||
==Suggestion of a Battle with Hurr== | ==Suggestion of a Battle with al-Hurr== | ||
When Imam al-Husayn's (a) caravan arrived in [[ | When Imam al-Husayn's (a) caravan arrived in [[Ninawa]] on Thursday, [[Muharram 2]], [[61]]/[[October 2]], 680, a messenger from [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] delivered a letter for [[al-Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]]. [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad|Ibn Ziyad]] wrote to al-Hurr to be strict on al-Husayn (a) and force him to dwell in a desert with no water. Al-Hurr informed the Imam (a) of the letter. Imam al-Husayn (a) asked al-Hurr to let him dwell in Nineveh, [[Ghadiriyya]] or [[Shufayh]]. But al-Hurr replied that this was not possible since Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad had spies there. | ||
Zuhayr suggested to Imam al-Husayn (a) that they fight with this group since it is easier to fight with them than with the group that was about to arrive. But Imam al-Husayn (a) replied that "I will not start the war". | Zuhayr suggested to Imam al-Husayn (a) that they fight with this group since it is easier to fight with them than with the group that was about to arrive. But Imam al-Husayn (a) replied that "I will not start the war". | ||
Zuhayr suggested that they dwell in a land near [[Euphrates]] called [[Aqar]], since it had natural ramparts. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: "I refuge to God from Aqar!"<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 251-252; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 51-52.</ref> | Zuhayr suggested that they dwell in a land near the [[Euphrates]] called [[al-'Aqar]], since it had natural ramparts, and if the army of al-Hurr would prevent them from going there they would fight the army of al-Hurr since fighting them is easier than the army that will come after. Imam al-Husayn (a) said: "I refuge to God from al-'Aqar!"<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 251-252; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 51-52.</ref> | ||
==On the Day of Tasu'a== | ==On the Day of Tasu'a== | ||
On the day of [[Tasu'a]] in the afternoon, when [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army attacked Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps in order to start the battle, the Imam (a) asked his brother, [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]] to go to them to see what they had in mind. 'Abbas and twenty of Imam al-Husayn's (a) companions, including Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Habib b. Muzahir]], went to the enemy's army and asked them what they wanted and what they had in mind. | On the day of [[Tasu'a]] in the afternoon, when [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army attacked Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps in order to start the battle, the Imam (a) asked his brother, [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]] to go to them to see what they had in mind. 'Abbas and twenty of Imam al-Husayn's (a) companions, including Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Habib b. Muzahir]], went to the enemy's army and asked them what they wanted and what they had in mind. | ||
They said: "we are ordered to fight you if you do not abide with Ibn Ziyad's orders". 'Abbas (a) told them to wait until he gives the message to Imam al-Husayn (a). They agreed and waited for the reply. In the meanwhile, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. al-Qayn seized the opportunity to preach Umar b. Sa'd's army. | They said: "we are ordered to fight you if you do not abide with Ibn Ziyad's orders". Al-'Abbas (a) told them to wait until he gives the message to Imam al-Husayn (a). They agreed and waited for the reply. In the meanwhile, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. al-Qayn seized the opportunity to preach Umar b. Sa'd's army. | ||
[[Uzra b. Qays]] (from [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army) said: "O' Zuhayr! You were not a [[Shiite]] (follower) of this household and were an advocate of Uthman!" Zuhayr replied: | [[Uzra b. Qays]] (from [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army) said: "O' Zuhayr! You were not a [[Shiite]] (follower) of this household and were an advocate of Uthman!" Zuhayr replied: | ||
: Does not my being here mean that I am with them now? I swear to God that I never wrote a letter to [[Husayn b. Ali (a)]] and never sent a messenger to him and never promised to help him, but our paths met and when I met him and remembered [[the Prophet (s)]] and al-Husayn's (a) place for him and learned that he was going to his enemy and your party, then I decided to help him and be in his group and sacrifice my life for the right of God and the Prophet (s) that ignored by you. | : Does not my being here mean that I am with them now? I swear to God that I never wrote a letter to [[al-Husayn b. Ali (a)]] and never sent a messenger to him and never promised to help him, but our paths met and when I met him and remembered [[the Prophet (s)]] and al-Husayn's (a) place for him and learned that he was going to his enemy and your party, then I decided to help him and be in his group and sacrifice my life for the right of God and the Prophet (s) that ignored by you. | ||
==The Night Before Ashura== | ==The Night Before Ashura== | ||
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Someone from Imam al-Husayn's (a) army called Zuhayr and told him that: | Someone from Imam al-Husayn's (a) army called Zuhayr and told him that: | ||
: Imam al-Husayn (a) told you to come back. As the believer from the Pharaoh's household preached his tribe but to no avail, you too have preached them enough.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 323-324; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 63-64</ref> | : Imam al-Husayn (a) told you to come back. As the believer from the Pharaoh's household preached his tribe but to no avail, you too have preached them enough.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 323-324; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 63-64</ref> | ||
==Zuhayr's Fame Among People of Kufa== | ==Zuhayr's Fame Among People of Kufa== | ||
| Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
==Preventing the Attack on Imam's Camps== | ==Preventing the Attack on Imam's Camps== | ||
When the war began, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and a number of his soldiers approached Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps from the back. Shimr hit the Imam's camp with a spear and cried: "bring a fire so that I burn the place with its residents". Imam al-Husayn (a) replied: "O' the son of Dhi l-Jawshan! You need fire to burn the camp and my household? May God burn you with fire!" At this time, Zuhayr and ten people from his companions attacked Shimr and his soldiers and forced them out of the location. Zuhayr killed Abu Izza al-Dababi—a friend and a relative of Shimr.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 334; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 69-70.</ref> | When the war began, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and a number of his soldiers approached Imam al-Husayn's (a) camps from the back. Shimr hit the Imam's camp with a spear and cried: "bring a fire so that I burn the place with its residents". Imam al-Husayn (a) replied: "O' the son of Dhi l-Jawshan! You need fire to burn the camp and my household? May God burn you with fire!" At this time, Zuhayr and ten people from his companions attacked Shimr and his soldiers and forced them out of the location. Zuhayr killed Abu Izza al-Dababi—a friend and a relative of Shimr.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 334; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 69-70.</ref> | ||
==Joint Battle== | ==Joint Battle== | ||
When [[Habib b. Muzahir]] was martyred before the noon on [[Ashura]], Zuhayr and [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] went to the battlefield. They supported one another; whenever one was surrounded by the enemies, the other helped him out. They fought until Hurr was martyred and Zuhayr went back to the camp.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 336; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 71.</ref> | When [[Habib b. Muzahir]] was martyred before the noon on [[Ashura]], Zuhayr and [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] went to the battlefield. They supported one another; whenever one was surrounded by the enemies, the other helped him out. They fought until Hurr was martyred and Zuhayr went back to the camp.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 336; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 71.</ref> | ||
==Protection of Worshipers at the Noon of Ashura== | ==Protection of Worshipers at the Noon of Ashura== | ||
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{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1977. | *Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1977. | ||
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1965. | *Ibn al-Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1965. | ||
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl''. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1376 Sh. | *Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl''. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1376 Sh. | ||
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufīd, [n.d]. | *Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufīd, [n.d]. | ||