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Tayammum: Difference between revisions
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Tayammum is a ritual act which becomes obligatory instead of Wudu or Ghusl. Its steps are: hitting the palms of both hands on soil and rubbing them on the forehead and the back of the hands. Fruits of Tayammum are like Wudu and Ghusl and has no difference with them regarding the purity it brings. Tayammum is also called Taharat Turabiyya. | {{under construction}} | ||
'''Tayammum''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|تيمم}}) is a ritual act which becomes obligatory instead of [[Wudu]] or [[Ghusl]]. Its steps are: hitting the palms of both hands on soil and rubbing them on the forehead and the back of the hands. Fruits of Tayammum are like Wudu and Ghusl and has no difference with them regarding the purity it brings. Tayammum is also called Taharat Turabiyya. | |||
Two verses of the | Two verses of the Qur'an have mentioned the way of Tayammum and more than 220 hadiths are about Tayammum. | ||
== Meaning == | == Meaning == | ||
The word | The word "Tayammum" is derived from the root "Ya-mim-mim" or "A-mim-mim" which means "to intend" and in fiqh, it refers to the act of touching the forehead and the back of the hands. If Wudu or Ghusl is not possible, Tayammum replaces them. Tayammum is also called "Taharat Turabiyya" while Wudu and Ghusl are called "Taharat Ma'iyya". | ||
== Tayammum in the | == Tayammum in the Qur'an and Hadiths == | ||
In two verses, the | In two verses, the Qur'an refers to Tayammum and its rulings: verse 43 of the chapter Nisa' and verse 6 of chapter Ma'ida. | ||
In | In Wasa'il al-Shi'a and Mustadrak al-wasa'il, there are more than 220 hadiths about the manner and conditions of Tayammum. | ||
== Tayammum Instead of Wudu or Ghusl == | == Tayammum Instead of Wudu or Ghusl == | ||
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* When there is not enough water available for Wudu or Ghusl. | * When there is not enough water available for Wudu or Ghusl. | ||
* When there is enough water available for Wudu or Ghusl, but using it may consume the water the person or his companions needs for drinking. | * When there is enough water available for Wudu or Ghusl, but using it may consume the water the person or his companions needs for drinking. | ||
* If consuming the available water causes death of his or | * If consuming the available water causes death of his or others' animals. | ||
* If the available water is not enough for removing Najasah (impurity) and Wudu or Ghusl is not enough. (different fatwas) | * If the available water is not enough for removing Najasah (impurity) and Wudu or Ghusl is not enough. (different fatwas) | ||
* If using Wudu or Ghusl is harmful for the body (a rational probability of harm is also enough.) | * If using Wudu or Ghusl is harmful for the body (a rational probability of harm is also enough.) | ||
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== Manner of Doing Tayammum == | == Manner of Doing Tayammum == | ||
# First the person needs to put the palms of hands on something which is alright for Tayammum having the intention of doing | # First the person needs to put the palms of hands on something which is alright for Tayammum having the intention of doing god's order (some authorities of emulation also require a small hit of hands, not just slowly putting the hands on the soil). | ||
# To rub the palms of both hands on the forehead from the line of growing hairs down to eyebrows (and on the eyebrows according to some fatwas). (Hairs of the head must not block the performance.) | # To rub the palms of both hands on the forehead from the line of growing hairs down to eyebrows (and on the eyebrows according to some fatwas). (Hairs of the head must not block the performance.) | ||
# The whole palm of left hand needs to be rubbed on the whole back of the right hand from the wrist to the tips of fingers. | # The whole palm of left hand needs to be rubbed on the whole back of the right hand from the wrist to the tips of fingers. | ||
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== Things which are Alright to Make Tayammum On == | == Things which are Alright to Make Tayammum On == | ||
According to the verse 6 of chapter | According to the verse 6 of chapter Ma'ida, Tayammum need to be done on "Sa'id", but there are different opinions among linguistics and thus among authorities whether "Sa'id" only refers to the soil or whatever which grows out of the earth. | ||
According to some fatwas, Tayammum must be performed on soil as the first choice; if it was not available, it can be done on sand, gravel, clod, clay or stone (which has some dust on it). | According to some fatwas, Tayammum must be performed on soil as the first choice; if it was not available, it can be done on sand, gravel, clod, clay or stone (which has some dust on it). | ||
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* If for the lack of time, one does Tayammum instead of Ghusl (such as the moments before the call for prayer in the month of Ramadan), for doing other practices such prayer, the person needs to perform Ghusl. | * If for the lack of time, one does Tayammum instead of Ghusl (such as the moments before the call for prayer in the month of Ramadan), for doing other practices such prayer, the person needs to perform Ghusl. | ||
* In case of absence of the issue because of which one has performed Tayammum, there are different fatwas about repeating the practices he has made if he still has purity if the time for performing that practice is not over; for example, if in the afternoon, one thinks that he will not find water and performs his prayer by doing Tayammum, but later he finds water, there are different fatwas about whether or not he has to repeat his prayer after performing Wudu or Ghusl. | * In case of absence of the issue because of which one has performed Tayammum, there are different fatwas about repeating the practices he has made if he still has purity if the time for performing that practice is not over; for example, if in the afternoon, one thinks that he will not find water and performs his prayer by doing Tayammum, but later he finds water, there are different fatwas about whether or not he has to repeat his prayer after performing Wudu or Ghusl. | ||
== References == | |||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/تیمم تیمم] in Farsi WikiShia. | |||
[[fa:تیمم]] | |||