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Al-Wafi (book): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| name = Al-Wafi | | name = Al-Wafi | ||
| image = کتاب الوافی.jpg | | image = کتاب الوافی.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| author = [[Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani]] | | author = [[Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani]] | ||
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== Author == | == Author == | ||
{{main|Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani}} | {{main|Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani}} | ||
Muhammad b. Murtada b. Muhammad known as Mulla Muhsin al-Kashani was titled as al-Fayd. He was a hadith scholar, philosopher, mystic, [[faqih|jurist]], and a man of literature. He was born on [[Safar 14]], [[1007]]/ [[September 16]], 1598 and passed away on [[Rabi' II 22]], [[1091]]/[[May 22]], 1680 and was buried in [[Kashan]]. | Muhammad b. Murtada b. Muhammad known as Mulla Muhsin al-Kashani was titled as al-Fayd. He was a hadith scholar, philosopher, mystic, [[faqih|jurist]], and a man of literature. He was born on [[Safar 14]], [[1007]]/[[September 16]], 1598 and passed away on [[Rabi' II 22]], [[1091]]/[[May 22]], 1680 and was buried in [[Kashan]]. | ||
== | == Naming == | ||
The author titled the book ''al-Wafi'' | The author titled the book ''al-Wafi'' since he believed that it has done the rights completely to bringing of hadiths, important issues, and explanation of ambiguous expressions in hadiths. | ||
== Date of Compilation == | == Date of Compilation == | ||
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In an introduction the author has written on the book, he mentioned his goal of writing this book as the following: | In an introduction the author has written on the book, he mentioned his goal of writing this book as the following: | ||
* None of the [[Four Books]] alone is enough for the reader | * None of the [[Four Books]] alone is enough for the reader because some important narrations are not mentioned there. | ||
* Referring to these books and finding a specific hadith is very difficult, because the titles of chapters are orderly. (Some hadiths are not mentioned in their corresponding chapter and mentioned somewhere else. Sometimes, narrations which needed to mention separately have been mentioned together or vice versa, when narrations which have a similar theme and needed to be mentioned in one chapter are mentioned in different chapters.) | * Referring to these books and finding a specific hadith is very difficult, because the titles of chapters are orderly. (Some hadiths are not mentioned in their corresponding chapter and mentioned somewhere else. Sometimes, narrations which needed to mention separately have been mentioned together or vice versa, when narrations which have a similar theme and needed to be mentioned in one chapter are mentioned in different chapters.) | ||
* Some narrations are repeated in the Four Books and this has | * Some narrations are repeated in the Four Books and this has caused their bulkiness and extra volume. | ||
== Content == | == Content == | ||
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This book contains all hadiths of the Four Books (''[[al-Kafi]]'', ''[[Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih]]'', ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'', and ''[[al-Istibsar]]''). In this book, al-Fayd collected these hadiths and tried to explain hadiths and solve their literal difficulties. | This book contains all hadiths of the Four Books (''[[al-Kafi]]'', ''[[Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih]]'', ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'', and ''[[al-Istibsar]]''). In this book, al-Fayd collected these hadiths and tried to explain hadiths and solve their literal difficulties. | ||
=== | === Chapters === | ||
The 14 chapters of ''al-Wafi'' are as following: | The 14 chapters of ''al-Wafi'' are as following: | ||
{{cb|2}} | {{cb|2}} | ||
* Book of intellect, knowledge, and unity | |||
* Book of proof | |||
* Book of faith and disbelief | |||
* Book of purity and ornamentation | |||
* Book of [[prayer]], supplication, and the Qur'an | |||
* Book of [[zakat]], [[khums]], and charitable deeds | |||
* Book of [[fasting]], [[i'tikaf]], and personal promises | |||
* Book of [[hajj]], 'umra, and pilgrimage | |||
* Book of religious judgeship, rulings, and witnesses | |||
* Book of ways of living, jobs, and dealings | |||
* Book of foods, drinks, and luxuries | |||
* Book of [[marriage]], [[divorce]], and births | |||
* Book of dead bodies, obligations, and wills | |||
* Book of rawda containing various hadiths | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
Ending of ''al-Wafi'', on references of hadiths in ''Man la yahduruh al-faqih'', ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', and ''al-Istibsar'', which Mulla Muhsin listed alphabetically for a better accessibility and to preserve concision, he mentioned the names of some transmitters of hadiths in short form. | Ending of ''al-Wafi'', on references of hadiths in ''Man la yahduruh al-faqih'', ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', and ''al-Istibsar'', which Mulla Muhsin listed alphabetically for a better accessibility and to preserve concision, he mentioned the names of some transmitters of hadiths in short form. | ||
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{{Shi'a Collections of hadiths}} | {{Shi'a Collections of hadiths}} | ||
== Al-Fayd's Criticisms | == Al-Fayd's Criticisms of the Four Books == | ||
In his introduction, the author has criticized the Four Books and has mentioned the necessity of one hadith reference. | In his introduction, the author has criticized the Four Books and has mentioned the necessity of one hadith reference. | ||
=== Al-Kafi === | === Al-Kafi === | ||
Although | Although al-Fayd considers ''[[al-Kafi]]'' the noblest, most authentic, most complete and most comprehensive of the Four Books due to its coverage of principles and clearance of unnecessary extras, he mentions the following problems for it: | ||
* A weakness is seen in mentioning many rulings and its chapters are not complete. | * A weakness is seen in mentioning many rulings and its chapters are not complete. | ||
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* It has more missing chapters and sections. | * It has more missing chapters and sections. | ||
* In some cases, hadiths are confused with the author's word. | * In some cases, hadiths are confused with the author's word. | ||
* Its [[Kinds of hadith| | * Its [[Kinds of hadith|mursal]] hadiths and the missing references are many. | ||
=== Tahdhib al-Ahkam === | === Tahdhib al-Ahkam === | ||
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According to al-Fayd, ''[[al-Istibsar]]'' was a part of ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' which was extracted from it and has been remiss in mentioning contradictory and conflicting reports and has tried to relate them using close and far hadiths. In his opinion, it is fair to say that relating such hadiths and others is something impossible and even out of man's capability. | According to al-Fayd, ''[[al-Istibsar]]'' was a part of ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' which was extracted from it and has been remiss in mentioning contradictory and conflicting reports and has tried to relate them using close and far hadiths. In his opinion, it is fair to say that relating such hadiths and others is something impossible and even out of man's capability. | ||
Before beginning his work, the author has brought three issues and explained about them as | Before beginning his work, the author has brought three issues and explained about them as follows: | ||
* Way of learning religious sciences | * Way of learning religious sciences | ||
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== Advantages and Features == | == Advantages and Features == | ||
* Great order | * Great order of mentioning hadiths in the corresponding chapter | ||
* Explanation of the words in hadiths and some verses of the [[Qur'an]] | * Explanation of the words in hadiths and some verses of the [[Qur'an]] | ||
* Narrating hadiths related to every chapter from references other than the [[Four Books]] | * Narrating hadiths related to every chapter from references other than the [[Four Books]] | ||
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* Mere following of reason in fatwas | * Mere following of reason in fatwas | ||
* Explaining the meaning of proverbs in narrations | * Explaining the meaning of proverbs in narrations | ||
* Explaining | * Explaining similitude in narrations | ||
* Clarifying the meaning of narrations through giving examples | * Clarifying the meaning of narrations through giving examples | ||
* Bringing poems related with the subjects of narrations | * Bringing poems related with the subjects of narrations | ||
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== Commentaries and Marginal Notes == | == Commentaries and Marginal Notes == | ||
* ''Al-Hashiya 'ala al- | * ''Al-Hashiya 'ala al-wafi'' written by Muhammad Baqir b. Muhammad Akmal, known as [[al-Wahid al-Bihbahani]] (d. [[1206]]/1706-7). This book has been mentioned to be a commentary, but the author has mentioned it in the list of his works as a marginal note on ''al-Wafi''. | ||
* ''Al-Hashiya 'ala al- | * ''Al-Hashiya 'ala al-wafi'' written by Fadl Allah b. Muhammad al-Sharif al-Kashani. This book includes a marginal note on the chapters of intellect and knowledge from ''al-Wafi'' and mostly discusses the explanation of hadiths and sometimes addresses references as well. It was finished in [[Rajab]] of [[1107]]/1696. This marginal note has been compiled by the author and a version of it together with glosses also written by him is available in the library of Sepahsalar school. | ||
* ''Sharh al- | * ''Sharh al-wafi'' written by al-Sayyid Muhammad Jawad b. Muhammad al-Husayni al-'Amili, author of ''[[Miftah al-karama]]'' (d. [[1226]]/1811-12) containing a commentary on the chapter of purity from ''al-Wafi'' and the class notes of the discussion of his teacher, [[Bahr al-'Ulum]] who discussed the text and references of the reports of ''al-Wafi'' and has also been mentioned as class notes. | ||
* ''Al-Hashiya 'ala | * ''Al-Hashiya 'ala l-wafi'' written by al-Sayyid Muhsin b. Hasan al-A'raji (d. [[1227]]/1812-13) containing ''Awa'il al-wafi'' compiled by one of his descendants. | ||
* ''Sharh tahara al- | * ''Sharh tahara al-wafi'' written by Muhammad Taqi b. Muhammad Rahim Tihrani (d. [[1248]]/1832-3) which is class notes of the class of his teacher, Bahr al-'Ulum. | ||
== Collection, Anthology, Complement and Index == | == Collection, Anthology, Complement and Index == | ||
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[[ar:الوافي (كتاب)]] | [[ar:الوافي (كتاب)]] | ||
[[id:Al-Wafi (buku)]] | [[id:Al-Wafi (buku)]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | <onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | ||
| priority =b | | priority =b | ||
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[[Category:Hadith literature]] | [[Category:Hadith literature]] | ||
[[Category:Works of al-Fayd al-Kashani]] | [[Category:Works of al-Fayd al-Kashani]] | ||
[[Category:Written sources of 17th century]] | [[Category:Written sources of 17th century]] | ||