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'''Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasana''' (Arabic: شُرَحْبیل بن حَسَنة, d. 18 AH/ 639) was one of the first [[Sahaba]] of [[the Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. Shurahbil attended the first battles or [[ghazwas]] in the early Islam. He is mentioned as a scriber (or [[katib]]) of the Prophet (s); he wrote the Prophet (s)’s letter to people of Ayla. In the periods of [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and [['Umar b. Khattab]], Shurahbil attended many battles and conquests as a commander.
{{under construction}}
{{Infobox sahaba
| name = <!--default is the page name-->
| image = شرحبیل بن حسنه.jpg
| image size = Masjid and Maqam of Shurahbil b. Hasana in Jordan
| caption =
| Full name = Shurahbil b. Hasana
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Lineage =
| Well-known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Muhajir/Ansar =
| Place of Residence = [[Mecca]]•[[Abyssinia]]•[[Medina]]
| Death/Martyrdom = [[18]]/639
| Cause of death/martyrdom = Plague
| Burial place =
| Converting to Islam =
| Cause of converting to Islam =
| Presence at ghazwas = Most of ghazwas
| Migration to =
| Known for =
| Notable roles = Scriber of the Prophet (s)• commander of the battles at the time of [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar]]
| Other activities =
| Works =
}}
'''Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasana''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|شُرَحْبیل بن حَسَنة}}) (d. [[18]]/639) was one of the first [[Sahaba]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. Shurahbil attended the first battles or [[ghazwa]]s in the early Islam. He is mentioned as a scriber (or [[katib]]) of the Prophet (s); he wrote the Prophet (s)'s letter to people of [[Ayla]]. In the periods of [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and [['Umar b. Khattab]], Shurahbil attended many battles and conquests as a commander.


==Kunya and lineage==
==Kunya and lineage==
Shurahbil’s [[kunya]] was Abu 'Abd Allah or Abu 'Abd al-Rahman or Abu Wa'ila. His father, 'Abd Allah b. Muta' was from the Banu Ghawth b. Murr or the Kinda or the Banu Jumah or the Tamim tribe, and his mother, Hasana, was from the Banu 'Adi, and on other accounts, from the city, 'Adwali, in [[Bahrain]], and by allegiance, she belonged to Ma'mar b. Habib b. Wahb b. Hudhafa al-Jumahi. Thus Shurahbil was attributed to his mother and was known as Shurahbil, the son of Hasana.
Shurahbil's [[kunya]] was Abu 'Abd Allah or Abu 'Abd al-Rahman or Abu Wa'ila. His father, 'Abd Allah b. Muta' was from the Banu Ghawth b. Murr or the Kinda or the Banu Jumah or the Tamim tribe, and his mother, Hasana, was from the Banu 'Adi, and on other accounts, from the city, 'Adwali, in [[Bahrain]], and by allegiance, she belonged to Ma'mar b. Habib b. Wahb b. Hudhafa al-Jumahi. Thus Shurahbil was attributed to his mother and was known as Shurahbil, the son of Hasana.


According to ibn Ishaq, Hasana was the first wife of 'Abd Allah b. Muta'. When 'Abd Allah died, Sufyan (Ma'mar b. Habib’s stepson and a man from [[Ansar]] from the clan of Banu Zurayq b. 'Amir), married Hasana, and they gave birth to two sons, Khalid (or Jabir) and Junada. After that, Sufyan adopted Shurahbil as his stepson. Thus Shurahbil was considered to belong to Banu Jumah, just like his stepfather, Sufyan b. Ma'mar al-Jumahi. However, according to Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi, Sufyan b. Ma'mar was Shurahbil b. Hasana’s maternal brother, and Hasana was the mother of both Sufyan and Shurahbil, rather than Sufyan’s wife.
According to ibn Ishaq, Hasana was the first wife of 'Abd Allah b. Muta'. When 'Abd Allah died, Sufyan (Ma'mar b. Habib's stepson and a man from [[Ansar]] from the clan of Banu Zurayq b. 'Amir), married Hasana, and they gave birth to two sons, Khalid (or Jabir) and Junada. After that, Sufyan adopted Shurahbil as his stepson. Thus Shurahbil was considered to belong to Banu Jumah, just like his stepfather, Sufyan b. Ma'mar al-Jumahi. However, according to Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi, Sufyan b. Ma'mar was Shurahbil b. Hasana's maternal brother, and Hasana was the mother of both Sufyan and Shurahbil, rather than Sufyan's wife.


==Tribe==
==Tribe==
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==In the Period of the Prophet (s)==
==In the Period of the Prophet (s)==
On one account, in 7 AH (628), [[Najashi]] (the king of [[Abyssinia]]) sent [[Umm Habiba]], who had married the Prophet (s), to Medina together with Shurahbil. After migration to Medina, Shurahbil stayed with his relatives, Banu Zurayq. In the period of the Prophet (s), Shurahbil attended the battles. He is mentioned as a scriber of the Prophet (s). He transcribed the Prophet (s)’s letter to people of Ayla.
On one account, in 7 AH (628), [[Najashi]] (the king of [[Abyssinia]]) sent [[Umm Habiba]], who had married the Prophet (s), to Medina together with Shurahbil. After migration to Medina, Shurahbil stayed with his relatives, Banu Zurayq. In the period of the Prophet (s), Shurahbil attended the battles. He is mentioned as a scriber of the Prophet (s). He transcribed the Prophet (s)'s letter to people of Ayla.


==In the Period of the First Caliph==
==In the Period of the First Caliph==
Shurahbil b. Hasana attended most of the battles and conquests in the periods of Abu Bakr—the first [[caliph]]—and 'Umar—the second caliph—as the commander. He was appointed by Abu Bakr as a commander in battles of [[Battle of Ridda|Ridda]] that happened immediately after the Prophet (s)’s demise, including the suppression of Quda'a and 'Umman’s apostates, as well as people who claimed prophethood, such as [[Musaylama al-Kadhdhab]] in [[al-Yamama]]. Immediately after the suppression of apostate people, Abu Bakr prepared himself for a battle with Romans. In this battle, Shurahbil b. Hasana was one of the four commanders under the supervision of [[Khalid b. Walid]] and then [[Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah]] who were sent to [[al-Sham]] at the command of Abu Bakr. Shurahbil went to al-Sham together with 7,000 soldiers, and they camped in [[Jordan]], and on some accounts, in Bosra.
Shurahbil b. Hasana attended most of the battles and conquests in the periods of Abu Bakr—the first [[caliph]]—and 'Umar—the second caliph—as the commander. He was appointed by Abu Bakr as a commander in battles of [[Battle of Ridda|Ridda]] that happened immediately after the Prophet (s)'s demise, including the suppression of Quda'a and 'Umman's apostates, as well as people who claimed prophethood, such as [[Musaylama al-Kadhdhab]] in [[al-Yamama]]. Immediately after the suppression of apostate people, Abu Bakr prepared himself for a battle with Romans. In this battle, Shurahbil b. Hasana was one of the four commanders under the supervision of [[Khalid b. Walid]] and then [[Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah]] who were sent to [[al-Sham]] at the command of Abu Bakr. Shurahbil went to al-Sham together with 7,000 soldiers, and they camped in [[Jordan]], and on some accounts, in Bosra.


==In the Period of the Second Caliph==
==In the Period of the Second Caliph==
During the [[caliphate]] of 'Umar b. Khattab, Shurahbil was commissioned by Abu 'Ubayda to aid [['Amr b. 'As]]. They conquered the whole Jordan, and they only conquered Tiberias without a war. He also conquered Beit She'an, Susiya, Afiq, Jerash, Capitolias, Qadas, Golan, and on some accounts, Acre, Tyre, and Safuriyya. In the [[Battle of Marj al-Suffar]], Shurahbil greatly exhibited his competence and merits. He then sent Khalid b. Walid to Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr sent him with an army to al-Sham, instead of [[Walid b. 'Uqba]].
During the [[caliphate]] of 'Umar b. Khattab, Shurahbil was commissioned by Abu 'Ubayda to aid [['Amr b. 'As]]. They conquered the whole Jordan, and they only conquered Tiberias without a war. He also conquered Beit She'an, Susiya, Afiq, Jerash, Capitolias, Qadas, Golan, and on some accounts, Acre, Tyre, and Safuriyya. In the [[Battle of Marj al-Suffar]], Shurahbil greatly exhibited his competence and merits. He then sent Khalid b. Walid to Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr sent him with an army to al-Sham, instead of [[Walid b. 'Uqba]].


In the battles of [[Battle of Yarmuk|Yarmuk]] and [[Battle of Ajnadayn|Ajnadayn]] (both of which occurred in 13 AH/ 634), Shurahbil b. Hasana was a commander under Khalid b. Walid. On Baladhuri’s account, in the siege and conquest of [[Damascus]] in 14 AH (635), Shurahbil b. Hasana and his army went to the Gate of Faradis after Abu 'Ubayda conquered Fihl in peace. On some accounts, the peace treaty was written by Shurahbil. Later 'Umar appointed Shurahbil b. Hasana as the ruler of Jordan. In 17 AH (638), when 'Umar b. Khattab went to al-Sham, he dismissed Shurahbil b. Hasana and appointed [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] in his place. 'Umar said that he did not dismiss Shurahbil out of dissatisfaction by his services; rather he wanted to appointed a more powerful man for the position.
In the battles of [[Battle of Yarmuk|Yarmuk]] and [[Battle of Ajnadayn|Ajnadayn]] (both of which occurred in 13 AH/ 634), Shurahbil b. Hasana was a commander under Khalid b. Walid. On Baladhuri's account, in the siege and conquest of [[Damascus]] in 14 AH (635), Shurahbil b. Hasana and his army went to the Gate of Faradis after Abu 'Ubayda conquered Fihl in peace. On some accounts, the peace treaty was written by Shurahbil. Later 'Umar appointed Shurahbil b. Hasana as the ruler of Jordan. In 17 AH (638), when 'Umar b. Khattab went to al-Sham, he dismissed Shurahbil b. Hasana and appointed [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] in his place. 'Umar said that he did not dismiss Shurahbil out of dissatisfaction by his services; rather he wanted to appointed a more powerful man for the position.


==Death==
==Death==
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