Shurahbil b. Hasana: Difference between revisions

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  | Kunya = Abu 'Abd Allah or Abu 'Abd al-Rahman

  | Muhajir/Ansar = Muhajir

  | Place of Residence = [[Mecca]], [[Abyssinia]], [[Medina]], [[Jordan]]

  | Migration to = Abyssinia, Medina

  | Notable roles = Scriber of the Prophet (s), commander of the battles at the time of [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar]], ruler of Jordan

'''Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasana''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|شُرَحْبیل بن حَسَنة}}) (d. [[18]]/639) was one of the first [[sahaba]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. Shurahbil attended the first battles or [[ghazwa]]s in the early Islam. He is mentioned as a scriber (or [[katib]]) of the Prophet (s); he wrote the Prophet's (s) letter to people of [[Ayla]]. In the periods of [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] and [['Umar b. Khattab]], Shurahbil attended many battles and conquests as a commander.

Shurahbil's [[kunya]] was Abu 'Abd Allah or Abu 'Abd al-Rahman or Abu Wa'ila. His father, 'Abd Allah b. Muta' was from the Banu Ghawth b. Murr or the Kinda or the Banu Jumah or the Tamim tribe, and his mother, Hasana, was from the Banu 'Adi, and on other accounts, from the city, 'Adwali, in [[Bahrain]], and by [[wila']], she belonged to Ma'mar b. Habib b. Wahb b. Hudhafa al-Jumahi. Thus Shurahbil was attributed to his mother and was known as Shurahbil, the son of Hasana.

According to Ibn Ishaq, Hasana, at first, was the wife of 'Abd Allah b. Muta'. When 'Abd Allah died, Sufyan (Ma'mar b. Habib's stepson and a man from [[Ansar]] from the clan of Banu Zurayq b. 'Amir), married Hasana, and they gave birth to two sons, Khalid (or Jabir) and Junada. After that, Sufyan adopted Shurahbil as his stepson. Thus Shurahbil was considered to belong to Banu Jumah, just like his stepfather, Sufyan b. Ma'mar al-Jumahi. However, according to Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi, Sufyan b. Ma'mar was Shurahbil b. Hasana's maternal brother, and Hasana was the mother of both Sufyan and Shurahbil, rather than Sufyan's wife.

According to Ibn Habib al-Baghdadi, Hasana was from the Ash'ariyyun tribe, and [[al-Mas'udi]] mentioned Shurahbil b. Hasana as Tabikhi and took him to be from the Khindif tribe (an ally of [[Quraysh]]). Baladhuri cited Haytham b. 'Adi as taking Shurahbil from the Himyar tribe. After the death of Sufyan b. Ma'mar and his sons during the [[caliphate]] of [['Umar b. Khattab]], Shurahbil b. Hasana allied with the Banu Zuhra tribe.

Shurahbil and his two brothers (Khalid and Junada) were among the first people who embraced Islam. In the second [[Migration to Abyssinia]], Shurahbil b. Hasana migrated there together with Sufyan b. Ma'mar and his mother and brothers, but Musa b. 'Aqaba did not mention Shurahbil and his brothers as migrants to Abyssinia.

On one account, in 7/628, [[Najashi]] (the king of [[Abyssinia]]) sent [[Umm Habiba]], who had married [[the Prophet (s)]], to [[Medina]] together with Shurahbil. After migration to Medina, Shurahbil stayed with his relatives, Banu Zurayq. In the period of the Prophet (s), Shurahbil attended the battles. He is mentioned as a scriber of the Prophet (s). He transcribed the Prophet's (s) letter to people of Ayla.

Shurahbil b. Hasana attended most of the battles and conquests in the periods of [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar]] as the commander. He was appointed by Abu Bakr as a commander in battles of [[Battle of Ridda|Ridda]] that happened immediately after the Prophet's (s) demise, including the suppression of Quda'a and 'Umman's apostates, as well as people who claimed prophethood, such as [[Musaylama al-Kadhdhab]] in [[al-Yamama]]. Immediately after the suppression of apostate people, Abu Bakr prepared himself for a battle with Romans. In this battle, Shurahbil b. Hasana was one of the four commanders under the supervision of [[Khalid b. Walid]] and then [[Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah]] who were sent to [[Syria]] at the command of Abu Bakr. Shurahbil went to Syria together with 7,000 soldiers, and they camped in [[Jordan]], and on some accounts, in Bosra.

During the [[caliphate]] of 'Umar b. Khattab, Shurahbil was commissioned by Abu 'Ubayda to aid [['Amr b. 'As]]. They conquered the whole Jordan, and they only conquered Tiberias without a war. He also conquered Beit She'an, Susiya, Afiq, Jerash, Capitolias, Qadas, Golan, and on some accounts, Acre, Tyre, and Safuriyya. In the [[Battle of Marj al-Suffar]], Shurahbil greatly exhibited his competence and merits. He then sent Khalid b. Walid to Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr sent him with an army to Syria, instead of [[Walid b. 'Uqba]].

In the battles of [[Battle of Yarmuk|Yarmuk]] and [[Battle of Ajnadayn|Ajnadayn]] (both of which occurred in 13/634), Shurahbil b. Hasana was a commander under Khalid b. Walid. On Baladhuri's account, in the siege and conquest of [[Damascus]] in 14/635, Shurahbil b. Hasana and his army went to the Gate of Faradis after Abu 'Ubayda conquered Fihl in peace. On some accounts, the peace treaty was written by Shurahbil. Later 'Umar appointed Shurahbil b. Hasana as the ruler of Jordan. In 17/638, when 'Umar b. Khattab went to Syria, he dismissed Shurahbil b. Hasana and appointed [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] in his place. 'Umar said that he did not dismiss Shurahbil out of dissatisfaction by his services; rather he wanted to appointed a more powerful man for the position.

According to most historians, Shurahbil b. Hasana died in 18/639 because of a plague that was epidemic then in Emmaus in Syria. He lived 67 or 69 years.

* The material for writing this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/شرحبیل_بن_حسنه شرحبیل بن حسنه] in Farsi WikiShia.