Janaba: Difference between revisions

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Lexically, janaba means to get away. In jurisprudential terminology, it is a state which causes a person to get away from the rulings of clean ([[tahir]]) people. The person who is in this state is called "junub." In jurisprudential sources this topic is discussed in various chapters such as [[tahara]] (purification), [[salat]] (prayer), and [[sawm]] (fast).

Ejaculation causes janaba whether it is accompanied by lust, force, and weakness of the body or not, from man or woman, asleep or awake. Needless to say, the movement of semen inside the body without emission does not cause janaba.

If a man cannot ascertain whether his emission (during sleep or while awake) is semen or not, it is treated as semen provided it is accompanied by lust, force, and weakness of the body. However, there is disagreement among faqihs whether the ruling is subject to all three aforementioned signs or some of them will suffice. In the sick, the two signs of lust and weakness of the body is sufficient for the ruling.

It is noteworthy, that there is disagreement among faqihs about women discharge with lust.  

If a male organ penetrates the female organ up to the circumcision point (glans) both of them enter the state of janaba, whether they are adults (baligh) or not, sane or not, asleep or awake. Most faqihs issue that anal penetration (man or woman) also cause janaba.

It is recommended ([[mustahab]]) for junub to perform ghusl al-janaba as soon as possible, so that the spiritual impurity is removed. However, this ghusl becomes [[wajib]] (compulsory) for performing religious acts that are subject to tahara (purification), such as: salat, tawaf, sawm in the month of Ramadan. Ghusl al-janaba is invalid for one who is not in the state of janaba. The method, rulings and conditions of ghusl al-janaba is similar to other compulsory and recommended ghusl except that ghusl al-janaba will suffice for [[wudu]] unless one does something that invalidates wudu.

* Reciting suras which contains compulsory prostration (al-sajda al-wajiba): However, there is disagreement whether the prohibition appertains to reciting the verse of compulsory prostration (Qur'an 32:15 - 41:38 - 53:62 - 96:19) or to the whole sura.

* Touching the script of the Qur'an and the name of God (in any language): and according to most faqihs touching the name of the Prophet [[Muhammad (s)]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)|his Household (a)]].

* Staying or putting something in [[masjid]]: however, taking something from masjid or entering from one door and exiting from another is permissible for junub. Some faqihs added the shrines of the infallible Imams (a) to this ruling. Nevertheless, entering [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] and [[Masjid al-Nabi]] are absolutely haram ([[prohibited]]) even for traversing or taking something from them.

* Eating or drinking: unless junub makes wudu, or do [[madmada]] (rinsing inside the mouth) and [[istinshaq]] (rinsing inside the nose). Hadiths indicate that eating and drinking during the state of janaba can cause vitiligo.

* Reciting more than seven verses of the Qur'an: according to majority of faqihs seven verses of suras that do not contain compulsory sajda.  

* Dyeing hair.

* Being present at muhtadar's (one who is dying) bed.

* Some faqihs issued that the perspiration of one who has become junub by committing a prohibited act (for instance [[istimna']] (masturbation) or [[zina]] (fornication)) is [[najis]]. On the other hand, some believe that it is tahir (clean) but one cannot perform salat with it.

* Remaining in the state of Janaba to the dawn (fajr) in the month of [[Ramadan]] - for one upon whom fasting is obligatory - is haram (prohibited) and invalidates the Fast of that day and causes [[qada]] (compensation) and [[kaffara]] (atonement).

* If performing ghusl is harmful for junub, they should perform [[tayammum]] instead of ghusl.

* Performing salat in a room in which there is junub is makruh.

* The material for this article is mainly taken from [[:fa: جنابت|جنابت]] in Farsi WikiShia.