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==Terminology== | ==Terminology== | ||
Lexically, janaba means to get away. In jurisprudential terminology, it is a state which causes a person to get away from the rulings of clean ([[tahir]]) people.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 3.</ref> The person who is in this state is called "junub." In jurisprudential sources this topic is discussed in various chapters such as [[tahara]] | Lexically, janaba means to get away. In jurisprudential terminology, it is a state which causes a person to get away from the rulings of clean ([[tahir]]) people.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 3.</ref> The person who is in this state is called "junub." In jurisprudential sources this topic is discussed in various chapters such as [[tahara]], [[prayer]], and [[fast]]. | ||
Some rulings about janaba are mentioned in the Qur'an | Some rulings about janaba are mentioned in the [[Qur'an 4]]:43 and [[Qur'an 5]]:6.{{enote|If you are junub, purify yourselves}} | ||
There are about 400 hadiths presenting detailed rulings about janaba. In hadiths, it is also defined as spiritual impurity. Therefore, it is narrated in hadiths that junub should not be present at [[muhtadar]]'s bed (one who is dying) or people should not perform salat in a room in which there is a junub, or a junub should not sleep in this state as during the sleep the soul is presented before God with this spiritual impurity. This impurity is removed by performing ghusl al-janaba. | There are about 400 hadiths presenting detailed rulings about janaba. In hadiths, it is also defined as spiritual impurity. Therefore, it is narrated in hadiths that junub should not be present at [[muhtadar]]'s bed (one who is dying) or people should not perform salat in a room in which there is a junub, or a junub should not sleep in this state as during the sleep the soul is presented before God with this spiritual impurity. This impurity is removed by performing ghusl al-janaba. | ||
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===Ejaculation=== | ===Ejaculation=== | ||
Ejaculation causes janaba whether it is accompanied by lust, force, and weakness of the body or not, from man or woman, asleep or awake. Needless to say, the movement of semen inside the body without emission does not cause janaba.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 3.</ref> | Ejaculation causes janaba whether it is accompanied by lust, force, and weakness of the body or not, from man or woman, asleep or awake. Needless to say, the movement of [[semen]] inside the body without emission does not cause janaba.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 3.</ref> | ||
'''Ejaculation while Sleeping (Ihtilam)''' | '''Ejaculation while Sleeping (Ihtilam)''' | ||
Seminal discharge during sleep is called [[ihtilam]]. This seldom occurs for women. Whether ihtilam is accompanied by an erotic dream or not, if one finds wetness on one's clothes after waking up and is certain that it is semen, one is junub. | Seminal discharge during sleep is called [[ihtilam]]. This seldom occurs for women. Whether ihtilam is accompanied by an erotic dream or not, if one finds wetness on one's clothes after waking up and is certain that it is semen, one is junub. | ||
If a man cannot ascertain whether his emission (during sleep or while awake) is semen or not, it is treated as semen provided it is accompanied by lust, force, and weakness of the body. However, there is disagreement among | If a man cannot ascertain whether his emission (during sleep or while awake) is semen or not, it is treated as semen provided it is accompanied by lust, force, and weakness of the body. However, there is disagreement among jurists whether the ruling is subject to all three aforementioned signs or some of them will suffice.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 8-12.</ref> In the sick, the two signs of lust and weakness of the body is sufficient for the ruling.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 8-12.</ref> | ||
It is noteworthy, that there is disagreement among | It is noteworthy, that there is disagreement among [[jurist]]s about women discharge with lust.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 12-13.</ref> | ||
===Penetration=== | ===Penetration=== | ||
If a male organ penetrates the female organ up to the circumcision point (glans) both of them enter the state of janaba, whether they are adults (baligh) or not, sane or not, asleep or awake.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 25-26.</ref> Most | If a male organ penetrates the female organ up to the circumcision point (glans) both of them enter the state of janaba, whether they are adults (baligh) or not, sane or not, asleep or awake.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 25-26.</ref> Most jurists issue that anal penetration (man or woman) also cause janaba.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 26-31.</ref> | ||
==Ghusl al-Janaba== | ==Ghusl al-Janaba== | ||
It is | {{Main|Ghusl|Ghusl al-Janaba}} | ||
It is [[recommended]] for junub to perform ghusl al-janaba as soon as possible, so that the spiritual impurity is removed. However, this ghusl becomes [[obligatory]] for performing religious acts that are subject to [[tahara]], such as: [[prayer]], [[circumambulation of Ka'ba]] (tawaf), [[fasting]] in the [[month of Ramadan]]. Ghusl al-janaba is invalid for one who is not in the state of janaba.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 1, p. 46-55; Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 492.</ref> The method, rulings and conditions of ghusl al-janaba is similar to other obligatory and recommended ghusls except that ghusl al-janaba will suffice for [[wudu]] unless one does something that invalidates wudu. | |||
==Acts that Are Haram (Prohibited) for Junub== | ==Acts that Are Haram (Prohibited) for Junub== | ||
* Reciting | * Reciting [[sura]]s which contain obligatory [[prostration]] (al-sajda al-wajiba): However, there is disagreement whether the prohibition applies to reciting the verse of obligatory prostration (Qur'an 32:15 - 41:38 - 53:62 - 96:19) or to the whole sura.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 42-45; Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 482.</ref> | ||
* Touching the script of the Qur'an and the name of God (in any language): and according to most | * Touching the script of the Qur'an and the name of God (in any language): and according to most jurists touching the name of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)|his Household (a)]].<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 2, p. 316:vol. 3, p. 46; Baḥrānī, ''al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira'', vol. 2, p. 122; Ḥakīm, ''Mustamsak al-ʿUrwa'', vol. 3, p. 45.</ref> | ||
* Staying or putting something in [[masjid]]: however, taking something from masjid or entering from one door and exiting from another is permissible for junub. Some | * Staying or putting something in [[masjid]]: however, taking something from masjid or entering from one door and exiting from another is permissible for junub. Some jurists added the shrines of the infallible Imams (a) to this ruling.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 49-56.</ref> Nevertheless, entering [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] and [[Masjid al-Nabi]] are absolutely [[Haram (fiqh)|prohibited]] even for traversing or taking something from them.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 54-55.</ref> | ||
==Acts that Are Makruh ( | ==Acts that Are Makruh (reprehensible) for Junub== | ||
{{cb|2}} | {{cb|2}} | ||
* Eating or drinking: unless junub makes wudu, or do [[madmada]] (rinsing inside the mouth) and [[istinshaq]] (rinsing inside the nose).<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 64-67.</ref> Hadiths indicate that eating and drinking during the state of janaba can cause vitiligo. | * Eating or drinking: unless junub makes wudu, or do [[madmada]] (rinsing inside the mouth) and [[istinshaq]] (rinsing inside the nose).<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 64-67.</ref> Hadiths indicate that eating and drinking during the state of janaba can cause vitiligo. | ||
* Reciting more than seven verses of the Qur'an: according to majority of | * Reciting more than seven verses of the Qur'an: according to majority of jurists seven verses of suras that do not contain compulsory sajda.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 3, p. 67-72.</ref> | ||
* Touching the cover or the margins of the Qur'an. | * Touching the cover or the margins of the Qur'an. | ||
* Sleeping before performing ghusl or wudu. | * Sleeping before performing ghusl or wudu. | ||
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==Some Rulings== | ==Some Rulings== | ||
* Some | * Some [[jurists]] issued that the perspiration of one who has become junub by committing a prohibited act (for instance [[istimna']] (masturbation) or [[Adultery]] is [[najis]].<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 6, p. 71-77.</ref> On the other hand, some believe that it is tahir (clean) but one cannot perform salat with it.<ref>Gulpāyigānī, ''Irshād al-sāʾil'', p. 16; Lankarānī, ''al-Aḥkām al-wāḍiḥa'', p. 95.</ref> | ||
* Remaining in the state of Janaba to the dawn (fajr) in the month of | * Remaining in the state of Janaba to the dawn (fajr) in the [[month of Ramadan]] - for one upon whom fasting is obligatory - is haram (prohibited) and invalidates the fast of that day and causes [[qada]] (compensation) and [[expiation]].<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 16, p. 236-247.</ref> | ||
* If performing ghusl is harmful for junub, they should perform [[tayammum]] instead of ghusl.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 5, p. 111.</ref> | * If performing ghusl is harmful for junub, they should perform [[tayammum]] instead of ghusl.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 5, p. 111.</ref> | ||
* Performing salat in a room in which there is junub is makruh.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 401.</ref> | * Performing salat in a room in which there is junub is [[makruh]] (reprehensible).<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 401.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||