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Al-Juhfah: Difference between revisions
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'''Al-Juhfah''' (Arabic:{{ia|الجحفة}}) is one of the five [[Miqats]] of [[Hajj al-Tamattu']] and [[al-'Umra al-Mufrada]] | '''Al-Juhfah''' (Arabic:{{ia|الجحفة}}) is one of the five [[Miqats]] of [[Hajj al-Tamattu']] and [[al-'Umra al-Mufrada]]. Those who go to [[Jeddah]] by airplane or ship, go to al-Juhfah and there they wear [[Ihram]]. | ||
In early centuries of Islam, it was a thriving city, but today it is not a developed region. [[Ghadir Khumm]] is near this place. | In early centuries of Islam, it was a thriving city, but today it is not a developed region. [[Ghadir Khumm]] is near this place. | ||
== Geographical Location == | == Geographical Location == | ||
Al-Juhfah is a region 183 km away from [[Mecca]] and one of the important [[miqats]] of [[Hajj al-Tamattu']] and [[al-'Umra al-Mufrada]] for residents of [[Syria]] and [[Egypt]] and those who pass by there. This city is 9 km away from [[Ghadir Khumm]], near the Red Sea and today those who go to Mecca from Jeddah wear Ihram there. | |||
This city was called Mahya'a meaning vast place. It perhaps was called so because of being located in a vast land between Ghadir Khum and the Red Sea. | This city was called Mahya'a meaning vast place. It perhaps was called so because of being located in a vast land between Ghadir Khum and the Red Sea. | ||
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Due to its historical and religious location (being a miqat) and being on the way of commercial caravans, al-Juhfah has always been important. Reports suggest the development of al-Juhfah in first centuries of Islam. | Due to its historical and religious location (being a miqat) and being on the way of commercial caravans, al-Juhfah has always been important. Reports suggest the development of al-Juhfah in first centuries of Islam. | ||
After the fifth century AH, al-Juhfah gradually lost its position and began to decline, so that Yaqut Hamawi (d. 626 AH) mentioned its development in the past and its decline in his time. Also toward the end of 8th century AH, Abu | After the fifth century AH, al-Juhfah gradually lost its position and began to decline, so that Yaqut Hamawi (d. 626 AH) mentioned its development in the past and its decline in his time. Also toward the end of 8th century AH, Abu l-Fada' reported about al-Juhfah's destruction and isolation. According to the report of some travel loggers, toward the end of nine century AH, this region even lost its religious function so that some reported that hajj pilgrims wore Ihram in Rabigh near al-Juhfah. | ||
In later centuries, especially in contemporary period, al-Juhfah regained its position once again; even with, its development and thrive did not return and only some ruins were remained from its past. | In later centuries, especially in contemporary period, al-Juhfah regained its position once again; even with, its development and thrive did not return and only some ruins were remained from its past. | ||
== Time of the Prophet (s) == | == Time of the Prophet (s) == | ||
During the time of the Prophet (s), al-Juhfah had important events, one of its most important ones were some Saryas of the Prophet (s) such as | During the time of [[the Prophet (s)]], al-Juhfah had important events, one of its most important ones were some [[Sariyya|Saryas]] of the Prophet (s) such as sariyya 'Ubayda b. Harith (month 8 AH) in Rabigh near al-Juhfah and also sariyya Kharar led by Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas (month 9 AH). | ||
Upon the battle of Badr when the polytheists were informed of the escape of the commercial caravan, some people including Bani Zuhra stopped going to the battle and returned to Mecca from al-Juhfah. In this region, Jahim b. Salt dreamed killing of the chiefs of Quraysh in that battle, but Abu Jahl ridiculed him. | Upon the [[battle of Badr]] when the polytheists were informed of the escape of the commercial caravan, some people including Bani Zuhra stopped going to the battle and returned to Mecca from al-Juhfah. In this region, Jahim b. Salt dreamed killing of the chiefs of [[Quraysh]] in that battle, but [[Abu Jahl]] ridiculed him. | ||
There are also reports of historians about the Prophet's (s) staying in this place in the way toward Mecca for the | There are also reports of historians about the Prophet's (s) staying in this place in the way toward Mecca for the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyya|Event of Hudaybiyya]] (6 AH) and also wearing of Ihram by some Muslims who did not wear Ihram in [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]]. According to these reports, Muslims faced shortage of water in this place and the Prophet (s) sent some people to find water, but they returned without success due to their fear from Meccans and finally the Prophet (s) sent [[Imam Ali (a)]] for it. It seems that it was in this place that polytheists were informed of Muslims' movement. | ||
The next year, the Prophet (s) wore Ihram in al-Juhfah upon going for 'Umrat al-Qada'. When the Prophet (s) was going to take Mecca (8 AH), his uncle Abbas joined the army of Muslims in this place. | The next year, the Prophet (s) wore Ihram in al-Juhfah upon going for [['Umrat al-Qada']]. When the Prophet (s) was going to take Mecca (8 AH), his uncle [[Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abbas]] joined the army of Muslims in this place. | ||
== Ghadir Khum == | == Ghadir Khum == | ||
Some sources reported the | Some sources reported the [[Event of Ghadir]] in al-Juhfah and mentioned it as Ghadir al-Juhfah and called the event, Yawm al-Juhfah. Also, some others did not link the event of Ghadir with al-Juhfah, but reported the revelation of the [[verse of Tabligh]] and introduction of Imam Ali (a) as the successor of the Prophet (s) in this place. In his report of the event of Ghadir, Qunduzi reported saying the [[hadith of Thaqalayn]] by the Prophet (s) and introduction of Imam Ali (a) as his successor in this place. | ||
== Miqat of Hajj == | == Miqat of Hajj == | ||
The Prophet (s) called al-Juhfah a miqat for hajj. In some narrations, this place is introduced as miqat for Moroccans and in another report, it has been considered a miqat for the people of | The Prophet (s) called al-Juhfah a miqat for [[hajj]]. In some narrations, this place is introduced as miqat for Moroccans and in another report, it has been considered a miqat for the people of Syria. Accordingly, Great Shia scholars of [[fiqh]] considered al-Juhfah a miqat of the people of Syria, Egyptians and Moroccans. Today, this region is a miqat for all those who go to Mecca from Jeddah. | ||
Also some sources have considered al-Juhfah a miqat in cases of emergencies for the people of Medina and those who go by there to hajj; i.e. those who do not wear Ihram in Dhu l- | Also some sources have considered al-Juhfah a miqat in cases of emergencies for the people of [[Medina]] and those who go by there to hajj; i.e. those who do not wear Ihram in Dhu l-Hulayfa, need to wear Ihram in al-Juhfah the same as [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] who moved from Medina without wearing Ihram and then wore Ihram in al-Juhfah and referred to the narration from the Prophet (s) who gave permission to the weak and the ill to wear Ihram in al-Juhfah. Some [[Sunni]] sources such as [[Maliki]] faqihs did not consider this comprehensively permissible and believe that only people from Sham who go to Mecca from Medina can wear Ihram either in Dhu l-Hulayfa or al-Juhfah and can postpone wearing Ihram to al-Juhfah. Also, some scholars considered it permissible to wear Ihram from somewhere adjacent to al-Juhfah; i.e. those who have not passed miqat or have passed it without Ihram with some reason, can wear Ihram from somewhere adjacent to al-Juhfah. Some have considered this adjacency especial to Shajara mosque and do not consider it permissible to wear Ihram from somewhere adjacent to al-Juhfah. | ||
After destruction of al-Juhfah, Sunni people wear Ihram from Rabigh near al-Juhfah. | After destruction of al-Juhfah, Sunni people wear Ihram from Rabigh near al-Juhfah. | ||
== Current Condition == | == Current Condition == | ||
Today, a big mosque is in al-Juhfah and lavatories have also been built beside it. Tribes of Zuayd are now living in this region. Also in this region, about 4 km away from the mentioned mosque, there are ruins of 'Ulya palace from Abbasid era can be seen and near it there is an old market and a stone-laid path. Pilgrims of hajj who enter | Today, a big mosque is in al-Juhfah and lavatories have also been built beside it. Tribes of Zuayd are now living in this region. Also in this region, about 4 km away from the mentioned mosque, there are ruins of 'Ulya palace from Abbasid era can be seen and near it there is an old market and a stone-laid path. Pilgrims of hajj who enter Jeddah by airplane or ship, first go to al-Juhfah which is the nearest miqat and wear Ihram there for performing 'Umra al-Tamattu' or al-'Umra al-Mufrada. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||