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Al-Ihtijaj (book): Difference between revisions
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'''''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''''' (Arabic:{{ia|الإحتجاج على أهل اللجاج}}), best known as '''al- | '''''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''''' (Arabic:{{ia|الإحتجاج على أهل اللجاج}}), best known as '''al-Iḥtijāj''' ({{ia|الإحتجاج }}) is a book in Arabic written by Abu Mansur, [[Ahmad b. Ali b. Abi Talib al-Tabrisi]], the scholar of 6th/[[12th century]]. | ||
The book contains the arguments presented by the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[infallible Imams (a)]] and some of their followers against their opponents form various sects and religions. | The book contains the arguments presented by the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[infallible Imams (a)]] and some of their followers against their opponents form various sects and religions. | ||
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==Name== | ==Name== | ||
According to the beginning of the book, its name is "al-Ihtijaj", and there is no mention of "al-Ihtijaj 'ala ahl al-lijaj." However, other scholars introduced the book by two names. The book is well known as "Ihtijaj al-Tabrisi."<ref>Ṭabrisī ,'' | According to the beginning of the book, its name is "al-Ihtijaj", and there is no mention of "al-Ihtijaj 'ala ahl al-lijaj." However, other scholars introduced the book by two names. The book is well known as "Ihtijaj al-Tabrisi."<ref>Ṭabrisī , ''al-Iḥtijāj'', vol. 1, p. 5.</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
During the history of [[Islam]], great religious figures by the motivation of proving the right and refuting the wrong, wrote books under the title of "al-Ihtijaj" or dedicated some chapters of their books to this topic. There are about 20 books by the title of "al-Ihtijaj" among [[Shi'a]] early sources, the earliest of which is "al-Ihtijaj" written by [[Muhammad b. Abi 'Umayr]], the close companion of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]].<ref> | During the history of [[Islam]], great religious figures by the motivation of proving the right and refuting the wrong, wrote books under the title of "al-Ihtijaj" or dedicated some chapters of their books to this topic. There are about 20 books by the title of "al-Ihtijaj" among [[Shi'a]] early sources, the earliest of which is "al-Ihtijaj" written by [[Muhammad b. Abi 'Umayr]], the close companion of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]].<ref>[https://noorlib.ir/book/view/1408?viewType=pdf Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj'', Noor Digital Library]</ref> | ||
==Ascription== | ==Ascription== | ||
Shaykh [[Yusuf al-Bahrani]], the author of ''[[Lu'lu'at al-bahrayn]]'' writes: "Some of the recent Shi'a scholars have made a mistake in ascription of the book to [[Abu Ali al-Tabrisi]], the author of ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]''. Some of those who made this mistake are [[Muhammad Amin Istarabadi|Amin al-Istarabadi]] and before him, the author of ''[[Mashayikh al-Shi'a]]'' and before him, [[Muhammad b. Abi Jumhur al-Ahsa'i]] in ''[['Awali al-la'ali]]'' and also [[Qadi Nur Allah al-Shushtari]] in ''[[Majalis al-mu'minin]]''.<ref>Ṭabrisī ,'' | Shaykh [[Yusuf al-Bahrani]], the author of ''[[Lu'lu'at al-bahrayn]]'' writes: "Some of the recent Shi'a scholars have made a mistake in ascription of the book to [[Abu Ali al-Tabrisi]], the author of ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]''. Some of those who made this mistake are [[Muhammad Amin Istarabadi|Amin al-Istarabadi]] and before him, the author of ''[[Mashayikh al-Shi'a]]'' and before him, [[Muhammad b. Abi Jumhur al-Ahsa'i]] in ''[['Awali al-la'ali]]'' and also [[Qadi Nur Allah al-Shushtari]] in ''[[Majalis al-mu'minin]]''.<ref>Ṭabrisī , ''al-Iḥtijāj'', 1381 Sh, p. 8.</ref> | ||
==Cause of Writing== | ==Cause of Writing== | ||
In the introduction of the book, al-Tabrisi writes: "What made me to write such a book, was that some Shi'a have desisted from argument and debate with the opponents of Shi'a and say 'we are not allowed to do this, because the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[Imams (a)]] never debated and argued and did not allow Shi'a to do so' therefore, I decided to collect the arguments of great Shi'a figures against their opponents in the roots and branches of the religion." In the following, he mentions that the prohibition of Imams (a) form arguing and debating only meant those who are weak in defending the [[religion]] and Shi'a beliefs, not those eminent and strong ones in proving the right and refuting the wrong.<ref>Ṭabrisī ,'' | In the introduction of the book, al-Tabrisi writes: "What made me to write such a book, was that some Shi'a have desisted from argument and debate with the opponents of Shi'a and say 'we are not allowed to do this, because the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[Imams (a)]] never debated and argued and did not allow Shi'a to do so' therefore, I decided to collect the arguments of great Shi'a figures against their opponents in the roots and branches of the religion." In the following, he mentions that the prohibition of Imams (a) form arguing and debating only meant those who are weak in defending the [[religion]] and Shi'a beliefs, not those eminent and strong ones in proving the right and refuting the wrong.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj'', vol. 1, p. 4.</ref> | ||
==Reliability of Its Hadiths== | ==Reliability of Its Hadiths== | ||
''Al-Ihtijaj'' is one of the reliable books among Shi'a scholars. The only problem of the book is that most of the [[hadith]]s in it are narrated as [[al-hadith al-Mursal]] and there is no chain of transmitters for them in the book. | ''Al-Ihtijaj'' is one of the reliable books among Shi'a scholars. The only problem of the book is that most of the [[hadith]]s in it are narrated as [[al-hadith al-Mursal]] and there is no chain of transmitters for them in the book. | ||
In the introduction of the book the author writes: "Except for those hadiths that I have narrated form ''[[Tafsir al-Imam al-'Askari (a)]]'', I mentioned all hadiths in the book without their chain of transmitters, because whether they are unanimously accepted or agree with our beliefs or are narrated in ours and the opponents' books. I narrated the hadiths of the ascribed [[exegesis]] to [[Imam al-'Askari (a)]] by its chain of narrators: because these hadiths are not as famous as the other hadiths in the book." According to this paragraph, Shi'a scholars have relied on and accepted the hadiths in the book, although they do not have chain of narrators. <ref>Ṭabrisī ,'' | In the introduction of the book the author writes: "Except for those hadiths that I have narrated form ''[[Tafsir al-Imam al-'Askari (a)]]'', I mentioned all hadiths in the book without their chain of transmitters, because whether they are unanimously accepted or agree with our beliefs or are narrated in ours and the opponents' books. I narrated the hadiths of the ascribed [[exegesis]] to [[Imam al-'Askari (a)]] by its chain of narrators: because these hadiths are not as famous as the other hadiths in the book." According to this paragraph, Shi'a scholars have relied on and accepted the hadiths in the book, although they do not have chain of narrators. <ref>Ṭabrisī , ''al-Iḥtijāj'', vol. 1, p. 4.</ref> | ||
==From Great Scholar's Perspective== | ==From Great Scholar's Perspective== | ||
Many of great Shi'a scholars, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]] in ''[[Amal al-amil]]'',<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''ʾAmal al-āmil'', vol. 2, p. 17.</ref> [[Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] in ''[[Rawdat al-jannat]]''<ref>Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 1, p. 19.</ref> and [[al-Khoei]] in ''[[Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith]]'',<ref>Khoeī, ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth'', vol. 2, p. 165.</ref> regarded this book as precious, good and very useful. | Many of great Shi'a scholars, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]] in ''[[Amal al-amil]]'',<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''ʾAmal al-āmil'', vol. 2, p. 17.</ref> [[Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] in ''[[Rawdat al-jannat]]''<ref>Khāwnsārī, ''Rawḍāt al-jannāt'', vol. 1, p. 19.</ref> and [[al-Khoei]] in ''[[Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith]]'',<ref>Khoeī, ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth'', vol. 2, p. 165.</ref> regarded this book as precious, good and very useful. | ||
==Content== | ==Content== | ||
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* [[Event of Ghadir|The Event of Ghadir al-Khumm]] and [[Fadak]] and the arguments presented by [[Imam Ali (a)]], [[lady Fatima (a)]], other Imams (a) and other [[companions]] about these two event. | * [[Event of Ghadir|The Event of Ghadir al-Khumm]] and [[Fadak]] and the arguments presented by [[Imam Ali (a)]], [[lady Fatima (a)]], other Imams (a) and other [[companions]] about these two event. | ||
* Imam Ali's arguments with [[Mu'awiya]], the people of [[Syria]], [[Khawarij]], and [[Nakithun]] (those who violated the [[allegiance]] to Imam Ali (a)); | * Imam Ali's arguments with [[Mu'awiya]], the people of [[Syria]], [[Khawarij]], and [[Nakithun]] (those who violated the [[allegiance]] to Imam Ali (a)); | ||
* and in the last chapter, the arguments of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], his correspondence with his [[Four Deputies]] during the [[Minor Occultation]] and his [[Tawqi']]s during the [[Major Occultation]].<ref> | * and in the last chapter, the arguments of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]], his correspondence with his [[Four Deputies]] during the [[Minor Occultation]] and his [[Tawqi']]s during the [[Major Occultation]].<ref>[https://noorlib.ir/book/view/1408?viewType=pdf Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj'', Noor Digital Library]</ref> | ||
==Translations and Commentaries== | ==Translations and Commentaries== | ||
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* The commentary written by Mulla Fath Allah Kashani | * The commentary written by Mulla Fath Allah Kashani | ||
* The commentary written by Mirza [[Abu l-Hasan al-Bahrani]] (d. 1193/1778-9) who was one of the great scholar in [[Shiraz]] during [[Zand dynasty]]. | * The commentary written by Mirza [[Abu l-Hasan al-Bahrani]] (d. 1193/1778-9) who was one of the great scholar in [[Shiraz]] during [[Zand dynasty]]. | ||
* The commentary written by Sayyid Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Husayni al-Mukhtari.<ref> | * The commentary written by Sayyid Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Husayni al-Mukhtari.<ref>[https://noorlib.ir/book/view/1408?viewType=pdf Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj'', Noor Digital Library]</ref> | ||
==Manuscripts== | ==Manuscripts== | ||
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* The manuscript in Mulk Library. | * The manuscript in Mulk Library. | ||
* A manuscript by the handwriting of Karam Ali b. Muhammad Baqir Kirmani Parizi Sirjani Mashhadi. This manuscript is written in Naskh in 1318/1900-1 and there are writings on its margins in Nasta'liq. This manuscript is kept in Mulk Library. | * A manuscript by the handwriting of Karam Ali b. Muhammad Baqir Kirmani Parizi Sirjani Mashhadi. This manuscript is written in Naskh in 1318/1900-1 and there are writings on its margins in Nasta'liq. This manuscript is kept in Mulk Library. | ||
* Another Manuscript kept in Mulk Library, by the handwriting of Muhammad b. Muhammad Ali Khavari in Naskh, written in 1069/1658-9.<ref>Ṭabrisī ,'' | * Another Manuscript kept in Mulk Library, by the handwriting of Muhammad b. Muhammad Ali Khavari in Naskh, written in 1069/1658-9.<ref>Ṭabrisī , ''al-Iḥtijāj'', 1381 Sh, p. 9.</ref> | ||
==Publication== | ==Publication== | ||
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* In 1403/1982-3 in Iran. This version is a copy of the version published by al-Jawad Institute in [[Beirut]]. [[Sayyid Muhammad Bahr al-'Ulum]] has written a foreword on this version. | * In 1403/1982-3 in Iran. This version is a copy of the version published by al-Jawad Institute in [[Beirut]]. [[Sayyid Muhammad Bahr al-'Ulum]] has written a foreword on this version. | ||
The book is researched by Muhammad Baqir Musawi Khirsan. In addition to providing the address of the verses of the [[Qur'an]] and explaining the difficult words, he has written many useful comments including the biography of many figures mentioned in the text and hadiths of the book; also there are an index of the content of the book and an index of the glosses and comments. | The book is researched by Muhammad Baqir Musawi Khirsan. In addition to providing the address of the verses of the [[Qur'an]] and explaining the difficult words, he has written many useful comments including the biography of many figures mentioned in the text and hadiths of the book; also there are an index of the content of the book and an index of the glosses and comments. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''ʾAmal al-āmil''. Baghdad: Maktabat al-Andalus, [n.d]. | * Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''ʾAmal al-āmil''. Baghdad: Maktabat al-Andalus, [n.d]. | ||
*Khāwnsārī, Muḥammad Bāqir. ''Rawḍāt al-jannāt fī aḥwāl al-ʿulamā wa al-sādāt''. Qom: Ismāʿīlīyān, [n.d]. | * Khāwnsārī, Muḥammad Bāqir. ''Rawḍāt al-jannāt fī aḥwāl al-ʿulamā wa al-sādāt''. Qom: Ismāʿīlīyān, [n.d]. | ||
*Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth''. Najaf: Muʾassisat al-Khoeī al-Islāmīyya, [n.d]. | * Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth''. Najaf: Muʾassisat al-Khoeī al-Islāmīyya, [n.d]. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. Najaf: Dār al-nuʿmān, 1386 AH. | * Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. Najaf: Dār al-nuʿmān, 1386 AH. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. Translated by Jaʿfarī. Tehran: | * Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. Translated to Farsi by Jaʿfarī. Tehran: Islāmiyya, 1381 Sh. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. | * [https://noorlib.ir/book/view/1408?viewType=pdf. Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. Noor Digital Library] | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Hadith Sources}} | {{Hadith Sources}} | ||
{{Theological Works}} | {{Theological Works}} | ||
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[[Category:Written sources of the 12th century]] | [[Category:Written sources of the 12th century]] | ||
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[[Category:Hadith literature]] | [[Category:Hadith literature]] | ||