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Al-Atabat al-Muqaddasa: Difference between revisions
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'''Al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa''' (Arabic: {{ia|العتبات المقدسه}}, lit. the Holy Doorsteps) are holy shrines of [[Shi'a Imams]] in [[Iraq]] including [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiya]], and [[Samarra]]. These cities are also called '''al-ʿAtabāt al-ʿAliyāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|العتبات العالیات}}, literally: the Exalted Doorsteps). The importance of these cities is because of the six [[Imams (a)]] of Shi'a buried there. These cities are among the major destinations of [[ziyarah]] and holy cities for Shi'a. | '''Al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa''' (Arabic: {{ia|العتبات المقدسه}}, lit. the Holy Doorsteps) are holy shrines of [[Shi'a Imams]] in [[Iraq]] including [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiya]], and [[Samarra]]. These cities are also called '''al-ʿAtabāt al-ʿAliyāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|العتبات العالیات}}, literally: the Exalted Doorsteps). The importance of these cities is because of the six [[Imams (a)]] of Shi'a buried there. These cities are among the major destinations of [[ziyarah]] and holy cities for Shi'a. | ||
[[File:The aerial view of the holy shrine of Imam Ali.jpg|thumbnail|200px|[[Najaf]], the [[holy shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)]]]] | |||
[[File:Karbala.jpg|thumbnail|200px|[[Karbala]], the [[holy shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Abu l-Fadl al-'Abbas (a)|Shrine of Abu l-Fadl al-'Abbas (a)]]]] | |||
[[File:Al-Kazimiyya.jpg|thumbnail|200px|[[Al-Kazimiyya]], the [[shrine of Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a)]]]] | |||
[[File:Aerial view of Samarra.jpg|thumbnail|200px|[[Samarra]], the [[al-'Askari shrine]] in the center.]] | |||
== Najaf == | == Najaf == | ||
{{main|Najaf}} | {{main|Najaf}} | ||
Najaf is the capital of Najaf Province, one of the holiest Shi'a cities and the center of Shiite political power in Iraq. The [[shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)]] is located in this city, and [[Islamic Seminary of Najaf]] is one of the most important [[Shi'a Seminary|Shi'a seminaries]]. [[Kufa]], the site of several Shi'a shrines and mosques, is located ten | Najaf is the capital of Najaf Province, one of the holiest Shi'a cities and the center of Shiite political power in Iraq. The [[shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)]] is located in this city, and [[Islamic Seminary of Najaf]] is one of the most important [[Shi'a Seminary|Shi'a seminaries]]. [[Kufa]], the site of several Shi'a shrines and mosques, is located ten kilometres away from the city and is now integrated into the city. | ||
== Karbala == | == Karbala == | ||
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Karbala is the place of occurring the [[Battle of 'Ashura]] and all the martyrs of the battle are buried there. The most important shrines and graves of the city are the [[holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] which is also known as [[al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]], and the [[shrine of Abu l-Fadl al-'Abbas (a)]]. The grave of [['Ali Akbar (a)]] and other [[Martyrs of Karbala]] are located in the shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a). | Karbala is the place of occurring the [[Battle of 'Ashura]] and all the martyrs of the battle are buried there. The most important shrines and graves of the city are the [[holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] which is also known as [[al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]], and the [[shrine of Abu l-Fadl al-'Abbas (a)]]. The grave of [['Ali Akbar (a)]] and other [[Martyrs of Karbala]] are located in the shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a). | ||
[[ | In [[al-Intifada al-Sha'baniyya]], the shrines of [[Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam Ali (a)]], [[Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Holy Shrine of al-Abbas (a)|Abbas (a)]] were damaged and afterwards were closed for six months.<ref>Āl Ṭuʿma, ''al-Intifāḍa al-shaʿbāniya fī Karbalā'', p. 47.</ref> | ||
== Kadhimiya == | == Kadhimiya == | ||
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Kadhimiya is located at the bank of [[Tigris]] toward [[Baghdad]]. This city is the place where [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], the seventh Imam of Shi'a, and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], the ninth Imam of Shi'a are buried. | Kadhimiya is located at the bank of [[Tigris]] toward [[Baghdad]]. This city is the place where [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]], the seventh Imam of Shi'a, and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]], the ninth Imam of Shi'a are buried. | ||
== Samarra == | == Samarra == | ||
{{main|Samarra}} | {{main|Samarra}} | ||
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* Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. ''Al-Intifāḍa al-shaʿbāniya fī Karbalā''. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Takhaṣṣuṣī-yi Tārīkh-i Islām wa Iran, 1433 AH. | * Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. ''Al-Intifāḍa al-shaʿbāniya fī Karbalā''. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Takhaṣṣuṣī-yi Tārīkh-i Islām wa Iran, 1433 AH. | ||
* Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. ''Tārīkh marqad al-Ḥusayn wa al-ʿAbbās''. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlamī, 1416 AH. | * Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. ''Tārīkh marqad al-Ḥusayn wa al-ʿAbbās''. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlamī, 1416 AH. | ||
* ʿAmalīyāt-i bāzsāzī-yi Gunbad-i ḥaram-i Imāmayn-i ʿAskariyayn pāyān yāft. (The reconstruction of the dome of the shrine of al-'Askariyyayn was completed). Retrieved: 2021/06/17. | |||
* Dādfar, Sajjād. ''Taʾammulī bar naqsh-i zaʾirān-i Irānī dar runaq-i iqtiṣādī-yi ʿatabāt''. Tārīkh-i Rawābiṭ-i Khārijī, No 42, Spring 1389 Sh. | * Dādfar, Sajjād. ''Taʾammulī bar naqsh-i zaʾirān-i Irānī dar runaq-i iqtiṣādī-yi ʿatabāt''. Tārīkh-i Rawābiṭ-i Khārijī, No 42, Spring 1389 Sh. | ||
* ''Darbāra-yi sitād-i bāzsāzi-yi ʿatabāt ʿāliyāt''. Site-i sitād-i bāzsāzi-yi ʿatabāt ʿāliyāt. (ʿAtabāt ʿĀliyāt Reconstruction Headquarters). Retrieved: 2021/06/17. | |||
* Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH. | * Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH. | ||
* Khāmayār, Aḥmad. ''Takhrīb-i ziyāratgāh-hāyi Islāmī dar kishwarhā-yi ʿArabī''. Qom: Dār al-Aʿlām li Madrisat al-Ahl al-Bayt, 1393 Sh. | * Khāmayār, Aḥmad. ''Takhrīb-i ziyāratgāh-hāyi Islāmī dar kishwarhā-yi ʿArabī''. Qom: Dār al-Aʿlām li Madrisat al-Ahl al-Bayt, 1393 Sh. | ||
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* Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 Sh. | * Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 Sh. | ||
* ''Wahābiyān wa ḥamla bi Karbalā-yi Muʿallā''. Farhang Ziyārat, No 9, Spring 1390 Sh. | * ''Wahābiyān wa ḥamla bi Karbalā-yi Muʿallā''. Farhang Ziyārat, No 9, Spring 1390 Sh. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||