wikishia:Manual of Style/Notes and References

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Wikishia uses the notes and bibliography system according to the Chicago style 16th edition.

Points

  • For the names of authors, the well-known name is coming. e.g "Shahid al-Awwal"
  • Don't use epithets like "Allama", "Shaykh" and other titles not in the notes nor in the references.

"Al-"

  • Note:

For the name of the book use "al".

For the author, "al" doesn't come. (e.g Ṭūsī, al-Mabsūṭ, vol. 1, p. 56)

  • Reference:

For the author, "al" become after first name. e.g Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-.

For the book, use the capital form of "al". e.g Al-Mabsūṭ fī fiqh al-imāmīyya

Examples

The examples that follow are intended to provide an overview of the notes and bibliography style, featuring books and journal articles as models.

Book

  • The complete form of the book citation:

Note: Ṭūsī, al-Mabsūṭ, vol. 1, p. 56.

References: Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Mabsūṭ fī fiqh al-imāmīyya. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Bihbūdī. Third edition. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1388 AH.

  • For more than three authors, In the note, cite only the name of the first-listed author, followed by "et al":

Note: Barnes et al., Plastics, p. 98.

  • If there is No Date, in the references, use "[n.d]":

References: Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].

  • If there is an editor or a translator, in the references, use Edited by or Translated by after the name of the book and before the name of the place of publishing.

Chapter in a Book

  • The complete form of the citation of a chapter in a book:

Note: Mihrwash, "Dajjāl," p. 550.

References: Mihrwash, Farhang. "Dajjāl." In Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i buzurg-i Islāmī, volume 23, 549-554. Tehran: Markaz-i Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Buzurg-i Islāmī, 1396 Sh.

Article

  • The complete form of Article citation:

Note: Karīmī, "Qalamru-i mawḍūʿī-yi Qurʾān," p. 103.

References: Karīmī, Muṣṭafā. "Qalamru-i mawḍūʿī-yi Qurʾān az dīdgāh-i Qurʾān." Qurʾān Shinākht 2 (1387 Sh): 101-138.

Web Documents

  • The complete form of the web documents citation:

Note:

Bibliography:

Multiple citations

Although more than one note reference should never appear at a single location (such as5, 6, 7), a single note can contain more than one citation or comment.

Consecutive Repeat Citations

When you cite the same source twice in a row, DO NOT USE the Latin abbreviation ibid. The reason is that the edits in WikiShia keeps changing.

Special Types of References

Reference Works

Reference works consulted in physical formats

Well-known reference books, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, are normally cited in notes rather than in bibliographies. They are also more likely than many resources to be consulted online. If a physical edition is cited, not only the edition number (if not the first) but also the date the volume or set was issued must be specified. References to an alphabetically arranged work cite the item (not the volume or page number) preceded by s.v. {sub verbo, “under the word”; pl. s.vv.).

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed. (1980), s.v. “salvation.”
  2. Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (CD-ROM, version 4.0, 2009), s.v.“hoot(e)nanny, hootananny.”
  3. Dictionary of American Biography (1937), s.v. “Wadsworth, Jeremiah.”

Most other reference works, however, are more appropriately listed with full publication details like any other book resource. (For examples of how to cite individual entries by author.

  1. The Times Style and Usage Guide, comp. Tim Austin (London: Times Books, 2003), s.w. “police ranks,” “postal addresses.”
  2. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2008), 6.8.2.
  • Diccionario de historia de Venezuela. 2nd ed. 4 vols. Caracas: Fundacion Polar, 1997.
  • Garner, Bryan A. Garner’s Modern English Usage. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Reference works consulted online

Online reference works can be cite much like their printed antecedents; they are normally cited in the notes rather than in bibliographies. For continually updated resources, an edition number will usually be unnecessary. Instead, include a posted publication or revision date for the cited entry; if none is available, supply an access date. Time stamps may be included for frequently updated resources (as in the Wikipedia example, which records the time as it was included with the entry. Include a URL as the last element of citation; if the entry lists a recommended form for the URL, Special Types of References 14.235 use that version. The facts of publication are often omitted, but signed entries may include the name of the author. Note that names in entries are not always inverted as in printed editions; follow the usage in the source (cf. example notes 1 and 2). For the use of italics versus roman in titles like Wikipedia.

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Academic ed., s.v. “Arturo Toscanini,” accessed April 6, 2016, http://academic.eb.com/EBchecked/topic/600338/Arturo-Toscanini.
  2. Grove Music Online, s.v. “Toscanini, Arturo,” by David Cairns, accessed April 6,2016, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/28197.
  3. Wikipedia, s.v. “Stevie Nicks,” last modified April 2, 2016,18:30, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie_Nicks.
  4. Merriam-Webster, s.v. “app (n.),” accessed April 6, 2016, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/app.

Citing individual reference entries by author

For certain reference works—particularly those with substantial, authored entries—it may be appropriate to cite individual entries by author, much like contributions to a multiauthor book. Such citations may be included in a bibliography.

  1. Isaacson, Melissa. “Bulls.” In Encyclopedia of Chicago, edited by Janice L. Reiff, Ann Durkin Keating, and James R. Grossman. Chicago Historical Society, 2005. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/184.html.
  2. Masolo, Dismas. “African Sage Philosophy.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 1997-. Article published February 14,2006; last modified February 22,2016. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/african-sage/.
  3. Middleton, Richard. “Lennon, John Ono (1940-1980).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed., 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/31351.
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