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development of ijtihad. The emergence of Akhbaris leading to the isolation of ijtihad on the basis of 'ilm al-'usul. The revival of ijtihad and the decline...

Jannātī, Manābiʿ-i ijtihād, p. 25-26. Gurjī, Tārīkh-i fiqh wa fuqahā, p. 17-18. Jannātī, Manābiʿ-i ijtihād, p. 26-31. Jannātī, Manābiʿ-i ijtihād, p. 29. Gurjī...

deducing such rulings from evidence or the ability to do so is called "ijtihad". Not all mujtahids are marja'. Marja' is a mujtahid who is followed by...

Ḥadīth (Arabic: حديث) which is also called "riwaya" (Arabic: روایة; lit.: narration) is a word in Islamic terminology and religious sciences which refers...

studies. He started to transform Shi'i ijtihad and expanded its discussions and made it independent from Sunni ijtihad. His most famous student is Abu l-Salah...

innovation in ijtihad alongside emphasizing on keeping the frames of traditional jurisprudence. His doctrine about the impact of time and place on ijtihad and some...

wa al-ijtihād, p. 132-137. Qur'an 2:219; Qur'an 4:43. Sharaf al-Dīn ʿĀmilī, al-Naṣṣ wa al-ijtihād, printed by Maktabat narjis. al-Naṣṣ wa al-ijtihād. Dihkhudā...

gotten the permission for ijtihad and hadith transmission, before the age of 35. Having gained this permission (for ijtihad and hadith transmission), he...

of ijtihad (deducing the laws of shari'a). These sources consist of the Qur'an, the tradition, consensus, and reason. There are sources of ijtihad that...

compiling the principles of jurisprudence, he founded a new approach in ijtihad which was a middle way between two other approaches namely extreme rational...

al-ʿāmma li-l-fiqh al-muqārin, p. 236-237. Jannātī, Manābi'-i ijtihād, p. 77; Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, al-Ijtihād uṣūlih wa aḥkāmih, p. 68; Mūsawī Bujnūrdī, Maqālāt-i uṣūlī...

Najafabadi and received the permission for hadith transmission and Permission of Ijtihad from Muhammad Rida Najafi Isfahani, Shaykh 'Abd al-Karim Ha'iri and others...

published in Tehran. Al-Nass wa l-ijtihad. It was translated into Farsi by 'Ali Dawani under "Ijtihad dar muqabil-i nass" (Ijtihad in the face of explicit evidence)...

permission of ijtihad to his students. Moreover, Aqa Diyaʾ ʿIraqi and Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani sent their students to him to give them a test of ijtihad. During...

fourth and the last child of Mirza Hasan Mujtahid Ashtiyani. He received ijtihad certificate from five marja's who lived in his time, Mirza Husayn Na'ini...

their power of ijtihad, which is why, he explains, Imams (a) themselves disagree over many matters (these are disagreements in their ijtihad). Thus Ibn al-Junayd's...

of absolute ijtihad (ijtihād al-muṭlaq: capability in deducing religious rulings in all jurisprudential topics) or partial ijtihad (ijtihād al-mutajazzī:...

religious and political views, such as innovations in jurisprudence and ijtihad, the proximity of Islamic denominations, and Islamic unity. He has praised...

seminary when he was very young. Muhammad Fadil obtained the degree of ijtihad at the age of 30. In 1994 when Muhammad 'Ali Araki passed away, he was announced...

Allah Nuri. He went to Najaf and he took the Permission of narration and ijtihad in a short period. When he came back to Iran, first he taught some courses...