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The Baraghānī family is a prominent and influential lineage of scholars that has produced numerous ulama. Known as Āl Ṭāleqānī until the 12th century AH, the family adopted the name Baraghānī following the exile of Mulla Muhammad Mala'ika Baraghani to the village of Baraghan.

Three of Mulla Muhammad Mala'ika's sons—Muhammad Taqi, Muhammad Salih, and Ali Baraghani—achieved significant renown within the scientific and literary circles of Iraq and Iran, establishing themselves as preeminent scholars of the Qajar era. The Baraghani family subsequently branched into three distinct lines: the Āl Shahīdī, tracing back to Shahīd-i Thālith (Muhammad Taqi); the Āl Ṣāliḥī, descended from Muhammad Salih; and the Āl ʿAlawī, attributed to Mulla Ali.

Mulla Muhammad Taqi is credited as the progenitor of the theory of Wilayat al-Faqih and was a vocal opponent and excommunicator of the Shaykhism and Babism sects. Muhammad Salih was distinguished as an expert Usuli scholar and jurist; notably, he issued a fatwa stipulating that any warfare or diplomatic negotiations with foreign powers required the authorization of the jurists. The family also boasted numerous female scholars.

Origin

The Baraghani family, also referred to as Āl Baraghānī, is recognized as one of the oldest and most celebrated Iranian scholarly households.[1] Residing in both Iraq and Iran, the family has rendered significant services to the sciences and religion.[2] Accounts suggest they were originally a branch of the Buyids[3] tracing their initial origins to the Taleghan region.[4]

From the 10th century AH until the latter half of the 12th century AH, the family was known as Āl Ṭāleqānī.[5] It is reported that some of their graves and endowments are located in the Taleghan and Daylaman regions.[6] Their designation as Baraghānī gained prominence between the late 12th and early 13th centuries AH,[7] deriving from their residence in the village of Baraghan, a dependency of Ray[8] or Tehran.[9] The lineage eventually split into three main branches: Āl Shahīdī, Āl Ṣāliḥī, and Āl ʿAlawī.[10] Members of this extended family are reportedly dispersed across Iran, Iraq, as well as Europe and the United States.[11]

Prominent Personalities

The Baraghani family was a prolific nursery of scholarship, producing numerous experts in the Islamic sciences.[12] Some sources list over 50 prominent figures from this lineage.[13]

Muhammad Kazim Taleghani

Muhammad Kazim Taleghani (d. 1094/1683)[14] was a distinguished scholar and a student of Shaykh Baha'i, Baqir Mir Damad, and Abu l-Qasim Fendereski.[15] Regarded as the first recorded figure of this family, he founded and taught at the Navvab School in Qazvin.[16] Originally from Taleghan, Mulla Muhammad Kazim settled in Qazvin.[17] His son, Mulla Muhammad Ja'far,[18] was a scholar during the era of Muhammad Baqir Majlisi and held an authorization to transmit traditions from him.[19] Other noted scholars include Mulla Muhammad Taqi (d. 1161/1748), the son of Mulla Muhammad Ja'far and father of Mulla Muhammad Mala'ika,[20] as well as Mulla Na'im.[21]

Mulla Muhammad Mala'ika Baraghani

Muhammad b. Muhammad Taqi (d. 1200/1786),[22] known as Mala'ika,[23] was a prominent religious scholar.[24] An adherent of the Usuli school, he was exiled to Baraghan due to his outspoken opposition to the Akhbaris.[25] He was the first member of the family to adopt the name Baraghani.[26] His written works include al-Durr al-thamīn fī l-imāma and Tuḥfat al-abrār fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.[27]

His three sons—Muhammad Taqi, Muhammad Salih, and Ali—[28] achieved renown in the scientific and literary circles of Iraq and Iran,[29] emerging as leading scholars of the Qajar era.[30]

File:Muḥammad Taqī Baraghānī.jpg
Image attributed to Muḥammad Taqī Baraghānī, known as Shahīd-e Thālth

Mulla Muhammad Taqi Baraghani

Main article: Muhammad Taqi Baraghani

Muhammad Taqi Baraghani (d. 1264/1847-48), known as Shahīd-i Thālith,[31] was a distinguished Shia jurist of the Qajar era.[32] He is credited as the first jurist to articulate the theory of Wilayat al-Faqih, declaring monarchical rule illegitimate.[33] Baraghani gained significant fame for his excommunication of the Shaykhism[34] and Babism movements.[35] Alongside scholars such as Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid, he participated in the war against Russia.[36] Following his martyrdom in the mihrab at the hands of Babi adherents, his lineage became known as Āl Shahīd and Shahīdī.[37] This branch produced numerous scholars, jurists, philosophers, sages, and poets.[38] Reports indicate that Mulla Muhammad Taqi had ten sons, all of whom were religious scholars,[39] though some were inclined towards the Shaykhism sect.[40]

Some of the famous children and descendants of Mulla Muhammad Taqi include:

Mulla Muhammad Salih Baraghani

Main article: Muhammad Salih Baraghani

Muhammad Salih (d. 1271/1854-55),[62] brother of Mulla Muhammad Taqi, was a distinguished Usuli scholar and jurist.[63] He studied under Ja'far Kashif al-Ghita',[64] Mirza Qummi,[65] Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i, and Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid.[66] He issued a fatwa mandating that any warfare or diplomatic negotiations with foreign powers required the permission of the jurists.[67] His contributions included leading the Islamic reformist movement,[68] combating the Shaykhism sect,[69] and establishing the Salehiyya School.[70] Baraghani's children are reckoned among the jurists and traditionists.[71] The Āl Ṣāliḥī branch of the Baraghani family traces its lineage to Mulla Muhammad Salih Baraghani.[72] Notable children and descendants include:

Mulla Ali Baraghani

Main article: Mulla Ali Baraghani

Mulla Ali Baraghani (d. 1269/1852-53),[83] the third son of Mulla Muhammad Mala'ika,[84] was a religious scholar and student of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i who exhibited inclinations towards Shaykhism and Babism.[85] The Āl ʿAlawī branch, attributed to Mulla Ali, is a renowned scholarly family in Qazvin that has produced numerous scholars.[86] Notable descendants include 'Abd al-Husayn b. Ali b. Muhammad Baraghani (d. 1290/1873-74), a jurist and elite of his era[87] who studied under Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid, and Sharif al-'Ulama',[88] and 'Ala' al-Din b. Rida b. 'Abd al-Husayn b. Ali (d. 1394/1974), an instructor at the Salehiyya School of Qazvin.[89]

Female Scholars

The Baraghani family also produced numerous female scholars, including:

  • Mah Sharaf, daughter of Muhammad Taqi b. Muhammad Ja'far, sister of Muhammad Mala'ika: A litterateur, poet, theologian, gnostic, and an official in the Qajar government.[90]
  • Umm Kulthum, daughter of Mulla Muhammad Taqi: A scholar, writer, and teacher of Islamic sciences.[91]
  • Zarrin Taj Baraghani, titled Qurrat al-'Ayn, the daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. 1268/1851-52), was a religious scholar;[92] however, she leaned towards the Babism sect, becoming one of its leaders[93] and playing a pivotal role in its promotion and expansion.[94] She was married to the son of Mulla Muhammad Taqi.[95]
  • Fatima, daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. circa 1295/1878): An exegete and scholar of the science of eloquence.[96]
  • Rubaba, daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. 1297/1879-80):[97] A scholar and orator, regarded as one of the distinguished women of her era.[98]
  • Mardiyya, daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. circa 1313/1895-96): An exegete, jurist, and poet who studied under her father and uncles,[99] and was involved in the politics of the Qajar era.[100]
  • Zahra, daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. circa 1320/1902): A worshiper, jurist, and exegete who studied gnosis under her uncle, Mulla Ali.[101]
  • Khadija Sultan, daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. 1321/1903-04): A jurist, traditionist, exegete, theologian, and gnostic.[102] She was the mother of Mas'ud Qazwini, known as Shaykh al-Islam, who was martyred by the Constitutionalists.[103]
  • Nargis, daughter of Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. 1322/1904-05): A scholar, ascetic, traditionist, theologian, and exegete.[104]
  • Umm Kulthum, daughter of Shaykh Karim Rawghani Qazwini (d. 1320 AH): A jurist and traditionist who studied under Muhammad Salih Baraghani. Her four children were also considered elite scholars.[105]
  • Sultan Khanum, daughter of Muhammad Hasan b. Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. 1336/1917-18): A jurist, traditionist, and exegete.[106]
  • Siddiqa, daughter of 'Ali Naqi b. Hasan b. Muhammad Salih Baraghani (d. 1350 AH):[107] A jurist, exegete, and ascetic.[108]
  • Zinat, daughter of Muhammad b. Muhammad Taqi Baraghani (d. 1333/1914-15): A mujtahid, writer, and theologian.[109]

Notes

  1. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300; Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 10, researcher's introduction.
  2. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  3. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300; Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 11, researcher's introduction.
  4. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  5. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  6. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  7. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  8. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 10, p. 226.
  9. ↑ Āzād Kashmīrī, Nujūm al-Samāʾ, 1387 SH, vol. 1, p. 432.
  10. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300; Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 11, researcher's introduction.
  11. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  12. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  13. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, pp. 300-301, quoting others.
  14. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Amal al-Āmil, Baghdad, vol. 2, p. 295.
  15. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 301.
  16. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Amal al-Āmil, Baghdad, vol. 2, p. 295; Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 301.
  17. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 8, p. 463.
  18. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat Amal al-Āmil, 1429 AH, vol. 5, p. 316.
  19. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat Amal al-Āmil, 1429 AH, vol. 5, p. 316; Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 9, p. 137; Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 301.
  20. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 9, p. 117; Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 301.
  21. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 301.
  22. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 12, p. 368.
  23. ↑ Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 12, p. 322; Subḥānī, Muʿjam Ṭabaqāt al-Mutakallimīn, 1424 AH, vol. 4, p. 415.
  24. ↑ Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 14, researcher's introduction; Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 12, p. 368.
  25. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 286; Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 12, p. 322.
  26. ↑ Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 14, researcher's introduction; Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  27. ↑ Subḥānī, Muʿjam Ṭabaqāt al-Mutakallimīn, 1424 AH, vol. 4, pp. 415-416.
  28. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 12, p. 368.
  29. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300; Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 11, researcher's introduction.
  30. ↑ Maḥbūbī Ardakānī, Chihil Sāl Tārīkh-i Īrān, 1374 SH, vol. 1, p. 195.
  31. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1403 AH, vol. 9, p. 197; Shubbar, Adab al-Ṭaff, 1409 AH, vol. 7, p. 96; Rifāʿī, Muʿjam al-Maṭbūʿāt al-ʿArabiyya fī Īrān, 1414 AH, p. 311.
  32. ↑ Maḥbūbī Ardakānī, Chihil Sāl Tārīkh-i Īrān, 1374 SH, vol. 2, p. 629.
  33. ↑ Tawakkulī, "Mukhtaṣarī az Āthār wa Zindagānī-yi Mullā Muḥammad Taqī Baraghānī Shahīd-e Thālth", p. 13.
  34. ↑ Tunukābunī, Qiṣaṣ al-ʿUlamāʾ, Tehran, pp. 42-44.
  35. ↑ Shubbar, Adab al-Ṭaff, 1409 AH, vol. 7, p. 96; Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 13, p. 545; Ḥirz al-Dīn, Maʿārif al-Rijāl, 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 207.
  36. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 10, p. 226.
  37. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  38. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 290.
  39. ↑ Sharīf Rāzī, Ganjīna-yi Dānishmandān, 1352 SH, vol. 6, pp. 162-163; Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, pp. 18-19, researcher's introduction.
  40. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 10, p. 228.
  41. ↑ Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 13, p. 707.
  42. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 20, p. 773.
  43. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 13, p. 62.
  44. ↑ Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 14 (Part 2), p. 914; Mawsūʿat Muʾallifī al-Imāmiyya, 1428 AH, vol. 2, p. 49.
  45. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 13, p. 282.
  46. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 13, p. 23.
  47. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 91; Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1427 AH, vol. 9, p. 14.
  48. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 14, p. 864; Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 2, p. 193.
  49. ↑ Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 14 (Part 2), p. 950.
  50. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 17, p. 62.
  51. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 16, p. 1637; Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 2, p. 319.
  52. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 13, p. 164; Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1427 AH, vol. 6, p. 111.
  53. ↑ Mawsūʿat Muʾallifī al-Imāmiyya, 1428 AH, vol. 1, p. 278.
  54. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 13, p. 132.
  55. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 32.
  56. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 32.
  57. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 17, p. 20.
  58. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 17, p. 446.
  59. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 13, p. 28.
  60. ↑ Mawsūʿat Muʾallifī al-Imāmiyya, 1428 AH, vol. 1, p. 327.
  61. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 290.
  62. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300.
  63. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat Amal al-Āmil, 1429 AH, vol. 3, p. 169; Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1403 AH, vol. 9, p. 369.
  64. ↑ Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 23.
  65. ↑ Shahīdī Ṣāliḥī, "Sharḥ-i Ḥāl-i Mufassir-i Buzurg Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā Shaykh Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ Baraghānī", p. 22.
  66. ↑ Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 23.
  67. ↑ Shahīdī Ṣāliḥī, "Sharḥ-i Ḥāl-i Mufassir-i Buzurg Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā Shaykh Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ Baraghānī", p. 23.
  68. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, 1403 AH, vol. 21, pp. 23-24.
  69. ↑ Shahīdī Ṣāliḥī, "Sharḥ-i Ḥāl-i Mufassir-i Buzurg Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā Shaykh Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ Baraghānī", pp. 26-28.
  70. ↑ ʿAbd al-Rabb Ābādī, al-Maʾāthir wa l-Āthār, 1355 SH, p. 183.
  71. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1403 AH, vol. 9, p. 370.
  72. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 300; Baraghānī, Mawsūʿat al-Baraghānī, 1364 SH, vol. 1, p. 11, researcher's introduction.
  73. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 10, p. 327; Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 1, p. 534; Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 13, p. 712.
  74. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 12, p. 406.
  75. ↑ Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 13, p. 733.
  76. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 20, p. 808; Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 1, p. 612.
  77. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 12, p. 519.
  78. ↑ Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 1, p. 732.
  79. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 15, p. 1274.
  80. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 16, p. 1630; Mawsūʿat Ṭabaqāt al-Fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 14 (Part 2), p. 980.
  81. ↑ Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 2, p. 316.
  82. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 16, p. 1596.
  83. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 137.
  84. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 12, p. 368.
  85. ↑ Tunukābunī, Qiṣaṣ al-ʿUlamāʾ, Tehran, p. 19.
  86. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 137.
  87. ↑ Āghā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, Ṭabaqāt Aʿlām al-Shīʿa, 1430 AH, vol. 20, p. 712.
  88. ↑ Gharawī, Maʿa ʿUlamāʾ al-Najaf al-Ashraf, 1420 AH, vol. 1, p. 594.
  89. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 137.
  90. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 720.
  91. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 246; Mawsūʿat Muʾallifī al-Imāmiyya, 1428 AH, vol. 5, p. 201.
  92. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 6, p. 239.
  93. ↑ Maḥbūbī Ardakānī, Chihil Sāl Tārīkh-i Īrān, 1374 SH, vol. 2, p. 62.
  94. ↑ ʿAbdiyāʾī, "Naqsh wa Jāygāh-i Qurrat al-ʿAyn fī Firqa-yi Bābiyya", p. 155.
  95. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 6, p. 239.
  96. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 6, p. 201; Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 684.
  97. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 4, p. 104.
  98. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 402.
  99. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 721.
  100. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 6, p. 319.
  101. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 5, p. 218; Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, pp. 426-427.
  102. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 375.
  103. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 4, p. 104.
  104. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 4, p. 212; Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 732.
  105. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 43; Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 243.
  106. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 6, p. 174; Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 513.
  107. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 536.
  108. ↑ Amīn, Mustadrakāt Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1408 AH, vol. 6, p. 182; Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, p. 536.
  109. ↑ Ḥassūn, Aʿlām al-Nisāʾ al-Muʾmināt, 1421 AH, pp. 473-474.

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